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61 75 92 92 92 113 113 138 138 138 138 138 138 159 159 159 159 196 196 196 196 196 246 246 246 246 246 283 283 283 283 335 335 335 396 396 503 503 503 636 636 785 785 1227 98
Q 61 Q 75 Q 92 Q 92 T 92 Q 113 L 113 Q 138 Q 138 R 138 M 138 L 138 T 138 Q 159 R 159 M 159 L 159 Q 196 R 196 M 196 L 196 T 196 Q 246 R 246 M 246 L 246 T 246 Q 283 R 283 M 283 L 283 Q 335 L 335 T 335 Q 396 L 396 Q 503 L 503 T 503 Q 636 L 636 Q 785 L 785 LA 1227 EQ 98
15 15 15 15 30 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 30 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 30 10 10 10 10 30 10 10 10 10 15 15 30 10 10 10 10 30 10 10 10 10 10 5
15 15 15 15 15 10 30 10 10 15 20 30 10 10 15 20 30 10 15 20 30 10 10 15 20 30 10 10 15 20 30 15 30 15 10 30 10 30 10 10 30 10 30 30 5
3,4 3,8 4,2 4,2 4,2 3,8 3,8 4,2 4,2 4,2 4,2 4,2 4,2 4,5 4,5 4,5 4,5 5 5 5 5 5 5,6 5,6 5,6 5,6 5,6 6 6 6 6 8 8 6 7,1 7,1 8 8 6 9 9 10 10 12,5 2,5
3,4 3,8 4,2 4,2 4,2 3,8 3,8 4,2 4,2 4,2 4,2 4,2 4,2 4,5 4,5 4,5 4,5 5 5 5 5 5 5,6 5,6 5,6 5,6 5,6 6 6 6 6 8 6 8 7,1 6 8 6 8 9 6 10 6 7,1 2,5
0,61 0,75 0,92 0,92 0,46 1,13 1,13 1,38 1,38 1,38 1,38 1,38 0,46 1,59 1,59 1,59 1,59 1,96 1,96 1,96 1,96 0,65 2,46 2,46 2,46 2,46 0,82 2,83 2,83 2,83 2,83 3,35 3,35 0,94 3,96 3,96 5,03 5,03 0,94 6,36 6,36 7,85 7,85 12,27 0,98
0,61 0,75 0,92 0,92 0,92 1,13 0,38 1,38 1,38 0,92 0,69 0,46 1,38 1,59 1,06 0,79 0,53 1,96 1,3 0,98 0,65 1,96 2,46 1,64 1,23 0,82 2,46 2,83 1,88 1,41 0,94 3,35 0,94 3,35 3,96 0,94 5,03 0,94 5,03 6,36 0,94 7,85 0,94 1,32 0,98
ROLO ROLO ROLO PAINEL ROLO ROLO ROLO ROLO PAINEL PAINEL PAINEL ROLO ROLO PAINEL PAINEL PAINEL PAINEL PAINEL PAINEL PAINEL PAINEL PAINEL PAINEL PAINEL PAINEL PAINEL PAINEL PAINEL PAINEL PAINEL PAINEL PAINEL PAINEL PAINEL PAINEL PAINEL PAINEL PAINEL PAINEL PAINEL PAINEL PAINEL PAINEL PAINEL ROLO
2,45 2,45 2,45 2,45 2,45 2,45 2,45 2,45 2,45 2,45 2,45 2,45 2,45 2,45 2,45 2,45 2,45 2,45 2,45 2,45 2,45 2,45 2,45 2,45 2,45 2,45 2,45 2,45 2,45 2,45 2,45 2,45 2,45 2,45 2,45 2,45 2,45 2,45 2,45 2,45 2,45 2,45 2,45 2,45 1,2
0,97 1,21 1,48 1,48 1,12 1,8 1,21 2,2 2,2 1,83 1,65 1,47 1,49 2,52 2,11 1,9 1,69 3,11 2,6 2,34 2,09 2,11 3,91 3,26 2,94 2,62 2,64 4,48 3,74 3,37 3 5,37 3,48 3,45 6,28 3,91 7,97 4,77 4,76 10,09 5,84 12,46 7,03 10,87 1,54
Kg / m
Srie
75
TABELAS TEIS
CARACTERSTICAS DAS BARRAS DE AO CA50A
(Tenso de escoamento 50 kN/m2 e Ruptura 55 kN/m2)
REA cm2 0,20 0,32 0,50 0,80 1,25 2,00 3,15 3,80 5,00 8,00
PESO Kg/m 0,16 0,25 0,40 0,63 1,00 1,60 2,50 3,00 4,00 6,30
Sugesto de trao por m3 para aplicao em Concreto Projetado (fck provavelmente superior a 25 Mpa, a ser verificado) Cimento Areia Pedrisco Fibras Metlicas (ou) Fibras Plsticas 350 Kg 1.150 Kg ~ 790 l 750 Kg ~ 530 l 35 a 40 Kg 5 a 6 Kg
Resultados de ensaios comparativos em Concreto Projetado aplicado por via seca e reforado com fibras
CONSUMO DE FIBRA NO CONCRETO (Kg/m3) 6 Kg RUPTURA MDIA, TRAO NA FLEXO (mpa) 4,91 TENACIDADE Joule (Kn/mm) TENACIDADE, FATOR MDIO (Mpa)
12,65
1,84
37,5 Kg 35 Kg
5,12 3,95
13,18 14,95
1,91 2,2
76
TABELAS TEIS
Frmula Decourt-Quaresma
Dimensionamento de Estacas (s aplicar conforme orientao do autor)
ATRITO LATERAL CARGA DE TRABALHO (kN/m) q LAT = (SPT + 1) * D 3 1,3 DIMETROS (mm) - d SPT 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 100 4 6 7 9 11 12 14 15 17 19 20 22 23 25 27 28 30 31 33 35 36 38 40 41 43 150 6 9 11 13 16 18 21 23 25 28 30 33 35 38 40 42 45 47 50 52 54 57 59 62 64 200 8 11 15 18 21 24 27 31 34 37 40 44 47 50 53 56 60 63 66 69 73 76 79 82 85 220 9 12 16 20 23 27 30 34 37 41 44 48 51 55 59 62 66 69 73 76 80 83 87 90 94 250 10 14 18 22 26 30 34 38 42 46 50 54 58 62 67 71 75 79 83 87 91 95 99 103 107 300 12 17 22 27 31 36 41 46 51 56 60 65 70 75 80 85 89 94 99 106 109 116 118 123 128 400 16 23 29 35 42 48 55 61 68 74 81 87 93 100 106 113 119 125 132 139 145 151 158 164 171
77
TABELAS TEIS
K = 12 ARGILA SPT DIMETRO (mm) 100 150 200 220 250 300 400 SPT 100
10 14 18 22 26 30 34 38 42 46 50
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
5 7 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 25 27
9 13 17 21 25 28 32 36 40 45 47
11 16 21 25 30 34 39 43 48 55 57
15 21 27 32 38 44 50 56 62 71 74
21 30 38 47 55 64 72 81 89 102 106
10 14 18 22 26 30 34 38 42 46 50
5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 24 25
11 15 20 24 29 33 38 42 46 53 55
20 27 35 43 51 59 67 75 82 94 98
79 110 141 173 204 236 267 298 330 377 393
K = 20 SILTE ARGILOSO (SOLOS RESIDUAIS) SPT DIMETRO (mm) 100 150 200 220 250 300 400 SPT 100 150
10 14 18 22 26 30 34 38 42 46 50
4 5 7 9 10 12 13 15 16 18 20
9 12 16 19 23 27 30 34 37 41 44
16 22 28 35 41 47 53 60 66 72 79
19 27 34 42 49 57 65 72 80 87 95
10 14 18 22 26 30 34 38 42 46 50
8 11 14 17 20 24 27 30 33 36 39
18 25 32 39 46 53 60 67 74 81 88
126 176 226 276 327 377 427 478 528 578 628
78
TABELAS TEIS
Escala dos tempos geolgicos (Almeida e Ribeiro apud Oliveira e Brito, 1998) argilas 10-8 Milhes de anos 1,6 64,4 140 205 250 290 355 410 438 510 540 (570) 1.000 1.600 2.500
Eon.
Era
Perodo Neogeno*
Cenozico
10-6
Paleogeno* Cretceo
Mesozico Fanerozico
10-2
10-4
areias
pedregulhos
107
k (cm/s)
Arqueano
SOLO
4.500
* Novas denominaes para os perodos Quartenrio e Tercirio, que tiveram suas pocas redistribudas.
79
TABELAS TEIS
Perfil de Intemperismo para Regies Tropicais (Vaz, L., 1996)
Topo RAM
Topo RAD
Fraturas
Topo RS
Veio de Quartzo
lh Fa a
80
Carta de plasticidade para classificao de solos finos pelo SUCS (Vargas, 1978 apud Oliveira e Brito, 1998)
60
50
h Lin 0) A -2 ha .L.% Lin (L 3 ,7 =0 P. L a
40
CH
30
20
Argilas arenosas siltes inorgnicos de baixa plasticidade areias muito finas siltosas areias argilosas areias-argilas
10
SF
SC
10
20
30
40
Linha B (L.L.=50)
50
60
70
80
90
100
TABELAS TEIS
81
82
1,7
NSl NAl NGl NAl LGl
Carta para classificao de solos pelo sistema MCT (Nogami e Villebor, 1995 apud Oliveira e Brito, 1998)
0,27
0,45
0,7
TABELAS TEIS
2,0
1,75
NA
1,5
1,15
LA
1,0
0,5 1,0
0,5
0,7
1,5 A - AREIA
1,7 Al - ARENOSO
2,0 Gl - ARGILOSO
2,5 Sl - SILTOSO
3,0
L - LATERTICO
N - NO-LATERTICO
SIGLA
ROCHA
Extremamente branda Esmigalha-se sob impacto da ponta do martelo de gelogo. Pode ser raspada por canivete. Pode ser raspada por canivete, com dificuldade. Marcada por firme pancada com ponta do martelo de gelogo.
C5
Muito branda
C4
Rocha Branda
R2
5 - 25
C3
Medianamente resistente
No pode ser raspada por canivete. Amostras podem ser fraturadas com um nico golpe do martelo de gelogo.
R3
25 - 50
C2
Resistente
Amostras requerem mais de um golpe de martelo para fraturarem-se. Amostras requerem muitos golpes de martelo para fraturarem-se. Amostras podem ser apenas lascadas com o martelo do gelogo.
R4
50 - 100
Muito resistente
R5 R6
C1
Extremamente resistente
TABELAS TEIS
83
84
Resistncia a compresso uniaxial (MPa)
6
BASALTOS MACIOS GRANITOS MIGMATITOS ARENITO COZIDO DIABSICOS QUARTZITOS PIROXENITOS CALCOSSILICATOS
10
20
30
40
50
60
80 100
150
PERFURAO
A ROTAO
TABELAS TEIS
ESCAVAO
EXPLOSIVO
LMINA
ESCARIFICAO
MRMORES DOLOMITOS METASSEDIMENTOS MILONITOS CALCREOS METAMRFICOS BASALTOS VESIC-AMIG SILTITOS XISTOS FOLHELHOS ARGILITOS CALCREOS SEDIMENTARES FILITOS BASALTOS LEVES EVAPORITOS ARENITOS
DESDE 0,5
1 100
10
30
100
% REDUO
60
R1 R2 R3 S2
30 > 10
SOLO
ROCHAS BRANDAS
ROCHAS MDIAS
ROCHAS DURAS
GRUPOS
TABELAS TEIS
Relao entre o ndice Q e os valores de Vp para macios rochosos fraturados escavados em nveis rasos (Barton, 1997)
excepcionalmente pobre
extremamente pobre
muito pobre
pobre / regular
excelente
3,5 94
0,001
0,01
0,1
1 Q
10
100
10
Standard penetration test N - values and descriptive terms of coarse soils (IAEG, 1981)
TERM Very loose Loose Medium dense Dense Very dense SPT N - values Blows/300 mm penetration 0-4 4 - 10 10 - 30 30 - 50 over 50
85
86
3 1 0,3 0,1 0,5 0,1 m Espaamento de fraturas
TABELAS TEIS
10
TABELAS TEIS
Dimensionamento emprico de tirantes, concreto projetado e cambotas com auxlio das classificaes Q e RMR (Waltham, 1995 apud Oliveira e Brito, 1998)
Localizados
87
cm
cm
cm 25
m 5c
12
5 cm
88
RMR 9 InQ + 44 (Bieniawski, 1989) Q e 1 2
97,9 89 I 95 106,2
Diagrama emprico para uso no dimensionamento do suporte permanente de tneis e cavernas, tomando por base o Sistema-Q. So Tambm apresentadas duas correlaes entre Q e RMR (Barton, N.; Grimstad, E.; 1994)
(RMR - 44) 9 (RMR - 50) 15
77,2 II 74 80 85,4
TABELAS TEIS
1 RMR - 18,2
2 RMR 5
100
sp Bolt acing in sh otcre ted area
2,5 m
20 11 7
50
1,2 m 1,3 m 1,0 m 9 CCA 8 RRS +B 7 6 Sfr + B Sfr + B 5 Sfr + B 4 B (+S)
20
4
3 B
cm
2 sb 1 Unsupported
5 3
ete tcr da rea
10
2,4
s olt B pa cin g in u o nsh
2
1,0 m
1,5
0,4
10
40
100
400
1000
RQD X Jn
Jw Ja X Ja SRF
TABELAS TEIS
POOR Slickensided, highly weathered surfaces with compact coatings or fillings or angular fragmens
N/A
80 70 30 20
From the lithology, structure and surface conditions of the discontinuities, estimates be too precise. Quoting a range from 33 to 37 is more realistic than stating that GSI=35. Note that the table does not apply to structurally controllad failures. Where weak planar structural planes are present in an unfavorable orientation with respect to the excavation face, these will dominate the rocks mass behaviour. The shear strength of surfaces in rocks that are prone to deterioration as a result of changes in moisture content will be reduced is water is present. When working with rocks in the fair to the right may be made for wet conditions. Water pressure is dealt with by effective stress analysis. STRUCTURE
INTACT OR MASSIVE - intact rock specimens or massive in situ rock with few widely spaced discontinuities BLOCKY - well interlocked undisturbed rock mass consisting of cubical blocs formed by three intersecting discontinuity sets VERY BLOCK - interlocked, partially disturbed mass with multi-faceted angular blocks formed by 4 or more joint sets
BLOCKY/DISTURBED/SEAMY - folded
90
60
50
40
with amgular blocks formed by many intersecting discontinuity sets. Persistence of bedding planes or schistosity DISINTEGRATED - poorly interlocked, heavily broken rock mass with mixture of angular and rounded rock pieces LAMINATED/SHEARED - Lack of blockiness due to close spacing of weak schistosity or shear planes
N/A
N/A
Tabela1 - Estimativa de GSI para macios rochosos fraturados (Hoek,1995, in Hoek, 2001)
VERY POOR Slickensided, highly weathered surfaces with soft clay coatings or fillings
N/A
10
GEOLOGICAL STRENGTH INDEX FOR JOINTED ROCKS (Hoek and Marinos, 2000)
SURFACE CONDITIONS
89
From a description of the lithology, structure and surface conditions (particularly of the bedding planes), choose a box in the chart. Locate the position in the box that corresponds to the condition of the discontinuities and estimate the average value of GSI from the contours. Do not attempt to be too precise. Quoting a range from 33 to 37 is more realistic than giving GSI = 35. Note that the Hoek-Brown criterion does not apply to structurally controlled failures. Where unfavourably oriented continuous weak planar discontinuities are present, these will dominate the presence of groundwater and this can be allowed for by a slight shift to the right in the columns for fair, poor and very poor conditions. Water pressure does not change the value os GSI and it is dealt with by using effective stress analysis.
70
60
A
E. Weaksiltstone or klayey shale with sandstone layers F. Tectonically deformed, intensively folded/faulted, sheared clayey shale or siltstone with broken and deformed sandstone layers forming an almost chaotic structure H. Tectonically deformed silty or clayey shale forming a chaotic structure with pockets of clay. Thin layers of sandstone are transformed into small rock pieces.
50
40
TABELAS TEIS
C,D,E and G - may be more or less folded than ilustrated but this does not change the strength. Tectonic deformation, faulting and loss of continuity moves these categories to F and H. G. Undisturbed silty or clayey shale with or without a few very thin sandstone layers
30
20
10
Tabela 2 - Estimativa de GSI para macios heterogneos (Marinos e Hoek, 2001, in Hoek, 2011)
VERY GOOD - Very rough, fresh unweathered surfaces
VERY POOR - Very smooth slickensided or highly weathered surfaces with soft clay coating or fillings
POOR - Very smooth, occasionally slickensided surfaces with compact coatings or fillings with angular fragments
FAIR - Smooth, moderately weathered and altered surfaces GOOD - Rough, slightly weathered surfaces
GSI FOR HETEROGENEOUS ROCK MASSES SUCH AS FLYSCH (Marinos. P and Hoek. E, 2000)
90
TABELAS TEIS
Sondagem Rotativa: relao de dimetros
COROAS DIAMANTADAS EWG EWM EWT AWG AWM AWT BGW BWM BWT NWG NWM NWT HWG HWT DIMETRO DO FURO mm 37,7 37,7 37,7 48,0 48,0 48,0 60,0 60,0 60,0 75,8 75,8 75,8 99,2 99,2 DIMETRO DO TESTEMUNHO mm 21,5 21,5 23,0 30,1 30,1 32,5 42,0 42,0 44,4 54,7 54,7 58,7 76,2 80,9 77,3 45,1 28,3 18,1 11,2 REA DO FURO cm2 REA DO TESTEMUNHO cm2 3,6 3,6 4,2 7,1 7,1 8,3 13,9 13,9 15,5 23,5 23,5 27,1 45,6 51,4
Relao de unidades
1N 1kg 1kN 1t 0,1kg 10N 0,1t 10kN 0,1MPa 100kPa 14,2psi 1kg/cm
2
(Celsius)
91
TABELAS TEIS
Tipos de equipamentos de furao para desmonte (Redaelli e Cerello apud Oliveira e Brito, 1998)
Tipos Categoria Peso do martelo Kg Dimetro do furo (mm) Produo de furao (m/h) Produo de desmonte m3/h
leves
Marteletes manuais
< 18 18 - 24 24 - 34 35 - 45 45 - 60 60 - 70 > 70
4 5 6 8 10 15 20
3 4 5 40 70 100 - 150
Carretas de furao
Referncias Bibliogrficas
AGI - American Geological Institute. Publicao do Data Sheet Committee. Barton, N. Choosing between TBM or drill and blasting excavation for long tunnels. Publicao do Boletim Informativo no 74 da ABGE, 1997. Barton. N. and Choubey, V. The shear strenght of rock joints in theory and practice. Rock Mechanics, Springer, Vienna, no 1/2, p. 1-54. Also NGI-Publ. 119, 1997. Bieniawski, Z.T. Engineering classification of jointed rock masses. The Civil Engineering in South Africa, p.335-343, 1973. Fundaes: Teoria e Prtica, ABMS/ABEF, 1996, Editora Pini Ltda. So Paulo, SP. Introduo Mecnica dos Solos, Milton Vargas, 1978., Mac Graw-Hill do Brasil, Editora da Universidade de So Paulo. IAEG International Association of Engineering Geology. Bulletin no 24, 1981. ISRM International Society for Rock Mechanics (1978). Traduo no 12 da ABGE, 1983. Jour. Sed. Pet., v. 23, p. 117, 1953. Mello, V. e Teixeira, A.M. Mecnica dos Solos. So Carlos. Escola de Engenharia de So Carlos - USP, 1967. (Publicao no 37). Oliveira, A.M.S. e Brito, S.N.A. Geologia de Engenharia, So Paulo. ABGE, p. 587, 1998. Terzaghi, K and Peck, R. Soil Mechanics in engineering practice. John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York, 1948. Vaz, L.F. Classificao gentica dos solos e dos horizontes de alterao de rocha em regies tropicais. Revista Solos e Rochas, v. 19, n2, p. 117-136, 1996. Marinos e Hoek, 2001, in Hoek, 2011.
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