iClicker Questions and Answers (for Exam #1)

1. If plants, especially trees, sequester carbon dioxide, CO2 is being ----. A. released to the atmosphere. B. stored in the atmosphere. C. stored in the plants. D. released as O2. 2. Spending time in a forest has the potential to improve ones health (T/F) because of_______. A. T/ phytoncides B. F/ chigger attacks C. F/ musk odors D. T/ elevated O2 levels 3. The first land plants appeared in the fossil record ~475 m.y.a (T/F) and were the first plants to produce O2 (T/F). A. T/T B. T/F C. F/T D. F/F 4. Some scientists are proposing a Four Domain system to include________. A. Plants B. Animals C. Bacteria D. Fungi E. Viruses 5. Mycorrhizae are______that______ A. freshwater algal species; gave rise to land plants. B. fungi; parasitize seed walls and allow germination of seeds. C. marine algal species; gave rise to freshwater algal species. D. fungi; live in a symbiotic association with plant roots. 6. Viridiplantae is_______. A. the new kingdom for all green plants. B. the new kingdom for all Eukaryotes. C. a fungal species that is part of the mycorrhizal community. D. the species of Chara which gave rise to land plants found in the fossil record ~425 m.y.a. E. the first land plant.

7. All land plants are______. This means_______. A. haplodiplontic; both the sporophyte and gametophyte stages are multicellular. B. haplontic; only the sporophyte generation is haploid. C. diplontic; only the gametophyte generation is diploid. D. haplodiplontic; both the sporophyte and gametophyte stages are haploid and unicellular 8. Amphibian plants_________. A. live in a symbiotic association with Amphibians. B. evolved at a time of amphibians. C. are fertilized by amphibians much like bees fertilize flowers. D. are those plants which need water for sperm to swim through to complete their reproductive cycle 9. We often discuss ways that land plants and animals solved similar environmental issues, but in different ways. The seed is such an example. Whats its analogue in the animal world? 1. the land egg 2. internal reproduction 3. sperm transfer by a sperm agent a second party to the fact. 4. the use of wind for reproduction 10. You want to purchase a gift for your friend and their new apartment. You go to a boutique shop and purchase a fern. The generation you purchase is the_____. When you arrive home, you notice some brown spots on the leaves. These are_____. A. gametophyte; fungal symbionts B. gametophyte; rusts or parasitic fungi C. sporophyte; fungal symbionts D. sporophyte; sorri (clusters of sporangia) 11. In Gymnosperms, the ovule (which contains the______) is _______. A. gametophyte stage; exposed naked on a scale. B. gametophyte stage; wrapped in nutritious tissue to entice a herbivore. C. sporophyte stage; exposed naked on a scale. D. sporophyte stage; wrapped in a flower. 12. Double fertilization occurs in______ and results in ______ which is______. A. Ferns; the gametophyte generation; haploid B. Gymnosperms; the sporophyte generation; diploid C. Angiosperms; the formation of microspores; triploid D. Angiosperms; the formation of endosperm; triploid E. Angiosperms; the formation of endosperm; diploid 13. Seeds are mature______; fruits are mature_______. A. ovaries; ovules B. ovules; stamens C. ovules; ovaries D. stamens; ovaries

14. Haustoria are_____. A. gymnosperm pollen B. the sperm cells of Angiosperms C. roots of parasitic plants D. angiosperm pollen E. openings in the ovary for the pollen tube. 15. The basic organ system of Angiosperm plants are: A. roots and stems. (aka Root & Shoot System) B. roots, stems, and leaves C. roots, stems, leaves, and flowers D. roots, stems, leaves, flowers, seeds. E. roots, stems, leaves, flowers, seeds, fruit. 16. There are _____ basic types of plant tissue systems excluding the embryonic tissue type A. 2 types B. 3 types (dermal, ground, vascular) C. 4 types D. 5 types 17. Plants grow through the activity of _____ tissue which is a type of _____ tissue. A. Ground; foundation/structural B. Vascular; embryonic C. Meristematic; foundation/structural D. Dermal; embryonic E. Meristematic; embryonic 18. Plant cell walls are static/unchanging structures once formed (T/F) and serve to prevent any and everything from entering the cytosol (T/F) A. T; T B. T; F C. F; F D. F; T 19. A trichome would be part of ____ tissue. A. Meristematic B. Dermal C. Ground D. Vascular 20. Plasmodesmata are like cell walls once formed, always there doing their job never changing. A. TRUE B. FALSE

21. Theme Question: How far did the nail move in 10 years of plant growth? A. the nail did not move same distance from the ground as the day it was put in tree B. the nail moved upward the same distance that the tree grew. C. the nail moved upward but only some fraction of the trees growth more bulk in trunk, more mass, less distance vertically. 22. Water and solute can pass into the plant several ways, but it must pass THROUGH the cytoplasm of the ____ to enter the xylem. A. Epidermis B. Cortex C. Endodermis D. Casparian strip E. Pericycle 23. If these structures are removed, what will happen? What purpose do they serve?

A. nothing; nothing B. nothing; support C. these are new tree sprouts they will be lost; produce new trees D. the tree will die; gas exchange for roots, especially O2 24. What kind of plant is this?

A. B. C. D.

Gymnosperm; dicot Angiosperm; monocot Angiosperm; dicot Bryosperm; gametophyte

25. Consider the structure at the end of the pointer great example of a modified ___.

A. Seed B. Leaf C. Flower D. Stem E. Aerial root

26. Most of the water that enters a plant, --A. is stored in the plant to provide mass to keep from being blown over in high wind terrestrial adaptation. B. is used for photosynthesis C. is used for photosynthesis and other physiological reactions. D. is passive, unused, and passes through plant and out the stomata. 27. A tremendous amount of energy, in the form of ATP, is used to move water from roots to the tops of trees A. TRUE B. FALSE 28. Aquaporins facilitate the movement of water across membranes (T/F), but only from outside the cell into the cell (T/F). A. T; T B. T; F C. F; T D. F; F 29. The direction of water movement is regulated by ____. A. solute concentration differences/gradients. B. active absorption of water. C. adhesive property of water. D. the amount of ATP available.

30. The symplast route of transport between cells involves ____. A. only cell walls. B. only vacuoles. C. vacuoles and cell walls. D. plasmodesmata E. plasmodesmata and cell walls. 31. The water droplets form on this leaf by _____, were most likely produced by ____, and would be found on _____

A. B. C. D.

Guard cell drops; evaporation; on tree leaves Guttation; transpiration; grass Guttation; root pressure; herbaceous plants Sublimation; aquaporins; grass

32. Aerenchyma tissue is a type of ______ and would be found in the leaves of ____. A. vascular tissue; halophytes B. dermal tissue; bryophytes C. root tissue; pneumatophores D. parenchyma tissue; floating aquatic plants. E. parenchyma tissue; submerged aquatic plants. 33. Consider the structure at the end of the pointer great example of a modified __, but what is its purpose?

A. Seed; reproduction B. Leaf; photosynthesis C. Flower; reproduction D. Stem; translocation E. Leaf; acquire nitrogen through predation

34. The picture below shows annual rings in a ____. How many years growth? What is A? What is B?

A. monocot; 6 years; xylem; phloem B. monocot; 3 years; phloem; xylem C. dicot; 6 years; xylem summer cells; xylem spring cells D. dicot; 3 years; xylem spring cells; xylem summer cells. 35. Which term BEST describes the structure in the illustrations below at the red arrow?

A. photosynthetic stem B. photosynthetic leaf C. tuber D. rhizoid E. photosynthetic predatory leaf

36. _____ describes the movement of water; ____ describes the movement of solute in plants 1. diffusion; osmosis 2. transpiration; translocation 3. translocation; transpiration 4. differentiation; xponification

37. Which of the following BEST explains water movement from roots to leaves? 1. root pressure 2. tension-cohesion 3. guttation 4. K+ ion transport into guard cells. 38. The movement of solute from site to sink is maintained by: 1. Respiration 2. Parasitization 3. Sequestration 4. Predation 39. Carnivorous plants are trying to obtain ___ because, in general, carnivorous plants live in ____ poor soils. 1. carbohydrates; mycorrhizal. 2. fixed nitrogen compounds; nitrogen. 3. phosphate; nitrogen. 4. aluminum; potassium 40. Consider the Pressure-Flow Concept. How is the photosynthate moved? A. Capillary action in the phloem. B. Cilliary action in the phloem. C. Water moved from the xylem to the phloem. D. Water moved from the phloem to the xylem. E. Gravitational disequilibrium between source and sequestration in a sink. 41. . Mineral soil particles are typically ____ charged which means that ions for plant growth are ____ charged, which means ____ must be used and the exchange ion is ____. A. negatively; positively; cation exchange; H+ B. positively; negatively; anion exchange; ClC. negatively; negatively; anion exchange; Na+ D. positively; positively; osmosis; H2O 42. Ion/nutrient uptake by plants occurs in the ____ zone. Cation exchange with mineral soils is ______ process. A. tap root; an osmotic B. root hairs; an active transport C. endoderm; a passive transport D. elongation; an aquaporin E. root apical meristem; diffusion 43. If topsoil is lost, ______ A. it can be quickly replaced. B. is of no consequence, plants can still grow well. C. desertification results. D. plants grow better. E. photorespiration results.

44. What does Rhizobium need in order to fix nitrogen? A. oxygen, carbohydrate, ammonia B. ATP, oxygen, carbohydrate, nitrogen (N2) C. water, CO2, NH4+ D. ammonia, ATP, CO2, NO2 45. Increased CO2 as a result of global warming is predicted to cause increased _____ and will result in_____ . A. C4 photosynthesis; more food and more nutritious food. B. C3 photosynthesis; more food and more nutritious food. C. C3 photosynthesis; more food but less nutritious food in terms of available protein D. C4 photosynthesis; food with a higher protein content 46. Toxic material in soil. Potential to remediate with plants. Which would be best? A. Phytodegredation B. Phytovolitization C. Phytoaccumulation D. Phytoassimilation 47. The drink gin and tonic was created by British soldiers in India as a means of: A. dealing with boredom. B. increasing revenue in the officers club. C. fighting malaria with the quinine in tonic water. D. fighting scurvy with juniper extract in gin. 48. Cyanide is toxic because: 1. it destroys ribosomal activity. 2. inactivates DNA. 3. blocks mitochondrial activity. 4. blocks the last step in the ETC. 49. Which of the following would be a male contraceptive? 1. Soponin 2. Cyanide 3. Ricin 4. Gossypol 50. Parasitoid wasps protect plants from caterpillars by _____. A. stinging the caterpillars B. repelling the caterpillars with volutans C. depositing eggs on the caterpillars, which hatch and then eating the caterpillars D. enclosing the caterpillars in a capsule 51. Ricin is a/an ____ and part of the ______ of the castor plant 1. cyanogenic glycoside; leaves 2. saponin; xylem 3. alkaloid; phloem 4. alkaloid; endosperm