Latin Study Guide Final Term 3 1.

Vocabulary from chapter 26

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Part of Speech Latin English noun (1) cena, -ae, f. dinner noun (2) forum, -i, n. marketplace, forum noun (3) lex, legis, f. law, statute noun (3) limen, liminis, n. threshold noun (3) lux, lucis, f. Light noun (1) mensa, -ae, f. table, dining, dish, course (mensa secunda: dessert) noun (3i) nox, noctis, f. night noun (2) somnus, -i, m. sleep pronoun/adjective Quidam, quaedam, quiddam (pronoun) a certain one, thing, someone, something; (adj) a certain, some Adjective pudicus, -a, -um modest, chaste Adjective superbus, -a, -um arrogant, overbearing, haughty, proud Adjective tristis, triste sad, sorrowful; joyless, grim, severe Adjective turpis, turpe ugly, shameful, base, disgraceful Adjective urbanus, -a, -um of the city, urban, urbane, elegant Preposition prae + abl in front of, before adverb/conjunction Quam (after comparatives) than ; (with superlatives) asas possible. Adverb tantum only verb (1) invito, -are, -avi, -atum to entertain, invite, summon 2. Syntax Grammar a. Appositives: a noun describing another noun The boy, a student at THHS, was going to school. The boy and a student, are both in the same case! So, an appositive agrees with the noun their modifying, regardless of what case. b. Adverbs: TO make an adverb, out of an adjective: Laetus a um: happy Laete: happily Gravis, grave: serious Graviter: seriously c. Relative Pronouns: Singular Plural The relative pronoun (in Case M F N M F N Latin) gets its gender and its Nom qui quae quod qui quae quae number from its antecedent BUT its case is dependent on Gen Cuius Cuius Cuius Quorum Quarum Quorum how its used within the Dat Cui Cui Cui Quibus Quibus Quibus relative clause itself. Acc Quem Quam Quod Quos Quas quae Abl Quo Qua Quo Quibus Quibus Quibus d. Interrogative Pronouns: Quis? Quid? Singular Plural Case M/F N M F N Nom Quis Quid Qui Quae Quae Gen Cuius Cuius Quorum Quarum Quorum Dat Cui Cui Quibus Quibus Quibus Acc Quem Quid Quos Quas quae Abl Quo Quo Quibus Quibus Quibus Interrogative adjectives: What? which? what kind of? Singular Plural Case M F N M F N Nom qui quae quod qui quae Quae Gen Cuius Cuius Cuius Quorum Quarum Quarum Dat Cui Cui Cui Quibus Quibus Quibus

Latin Study Guide Final Term 3

Catherine Perrone Band 2

e.
Case Nom Gen Dat Acc Abl

Acc Quem Quam Quod Quos Quas Quas Abl Quo Qua Quo Quibus Quibus Quibus HOW TO TELL BETWEEN ALL THREE! Relative Pronoun: o usually introduces a subordinate clause, has an antecedent, and does not ask a question (in fact, relative clauses answer questions, in the sense that they are adjectival and provide further information about their antecedents: o e.g liber quem legis est meus, the book which you are reading is mine) Interrogative Pronoun: o asks a question about the identity of a person or thing, has no antecedent, and often introduces a sentence with a question mark at the end o e.g. quid legis? what are you reading? Interrogative Adjective: o asks for more specific identification of a person or thing and both precedes and agrees in gender; number, and case with the noun it is asking about. o e.g. quae femina ilium librum legit? which woman is reading that book? Verb forms & declensions
1st declension Singular Plural A Ae Ae Arum Ae Is Am As Is 4th Declension Singular Plural -us -s -s -uum -ui -ibus -um -s - -ibus 2nd declension Singular Plural Us I i Orum Is Um Os Is
4th Declension (N)

Nom Gen Dat Acc Abl

Singular - -s - - -

Plural -ua -uum -ibus -ua -ibus

2nd declension (N) Singular Plural Um A I Orum Is Um A Is 5th Declension (F) Singular Plural -s -s -e -rum -e -bus -em -s - -bus

3rd declension (M/F) 3rd declension (N) Singular Plural Singular Plural Es A Is Um Is Um I Ibus I Ibus Em Es A E Ibus E Ibus CASE FUNCTION Nominative: Subjects or predicate nouns Genitive: possessive nouns Dative: indirect objects (to/for) Accusative: direct objects/prepositional objects Ablative: by/for/with OR prepositional objects

Genitive stem + ending = 3rd declension adjectives 2nd termination 3rd termination M/F N M/F N Singular Singular Singular Singular is e 1st/2nd end. -/is 3rd end. e is is is is i i i i em e em e i i i i Plural Plural Plural Plural es ia es ia ium ium ium ium ibus ibus ibus ibus es ia es ia ibus ibus ibus ibus

1st termination M/F Singular 1st end. is i em i Plural es ium ibus es ibus N Singular 1st end. is i 1st end. i Plural ia ium ibus ia ibus

Latin Study Guide Final Term 3

Catherine Perrone Band 2

The Perfect System -- Active Perfect Use 3rd Principle Part Number 1 2 3 Pluperfect Use 3rd Principle Part Number 1 2 3 Future Perfect Use 3rd Principle Part Number 1 2 3 Singular I Itsi It Singular Eram Eras Erat Singular Ero Eris Erit Plural Imus It is Erunt Plural Eramus Eratis Erant Plural Erimus Eritis Erint

The Perfect System - PASSIVE Perfect Use 4rd Principle Part + GIVEN FORM OF ESSE Number Singular 1 Sum 2 Es 3 Est Pluperfect Use 4rd Principle Part + GIVEN FORM OF ESSE Number Singular 1 Eram 2 Eras 3 Erat Future Perfect Use 4rd Principle Part + GIVEN FORM OF ESSE Number Singular 1 Ero 2 Eris 3 Erit

Plural Sumus Estis Sunt Plural Eramus Eratis Erant Plural Erimus Eritis Erunt

WHEN USING 4th PRINCIPLE PART, CONJUGATE ACCORDING TO SUBJECT

Latin Study Guide Final Term 3 f. Irregular verb forms

Sum, esse, fui, futurum to be Sum Present Imperfect Future Imperative 1 sum Eram ero 2 es Eras eris 3 est Erat erit es 1 sumus Eamus erimus 2 estis Eratus eritis 3 sunt Errant erunt este Possum, posse, potui, / to be able, can o Uses forms of Sum, but with pot in front of it o Potero I will be able to o Exceptions** Possum I am able to Possumus We are able to Possunt They are able to Volo, velle, volui, / to wish, be willing Volo Present Imperfect Future 1 volo volebam volam 2 vis volebas voles 3 vult volebat volet 1 volumus volebamus volemus 2 vultis volebatis voletis 3 volunt volebant volent Nolo, nolle, nolui, / not to wish, to be unwilling (used in negative imperative) Nolo Present Imperfect Future Imperative 1 nollo nolebam nolam 2 non vis nolebas noles 3 non vult Nolebat nolet noli 1 nolumus nolebamus nolemus 2 non vultis nolebatis noletis 3 nolunt nolebant nolent nolite Ferro, ferre, tuli, latum to bear, carry Fero Present Imperfect Future Imperative 1 fero ferebam feram 2 fers ferebas feres 3 fert ferebat feret fer 1 ferimus ferebamus feremus 2 fertis ferebatis feretis 3 ferunt ferebant ferent ferte Eo, ire, ii, itum to go Eo Present Imperfect Future Imperative 1 eo ibam ibo 2 is ibas ibis 3 it ibat ibit i 1 imus ibamus ibimus 2 itis ibatis ibitis 3 eunt ibant ibunt ite g. Participles (formations, meaning uses) Present Active Participle: Stem + ending. Translated - ing M/F N Case Singular Plural Singular Plural Nom -ns -ntes -ns -ntia

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Latin Study Guide Final Term 3

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h.

Gen -ntis -ntium -ntis -ntium Dat -nti -ntibus -nti -ntibus Acc -ntem -ntes -ntem -ntia Abl -nte, -nti -ntibus -nte, -nti -ntibus -nte VS. nti The present participle has -i in the ablative singular when used strictly as an attributive adjective but -e when it functions verbally (e.g., with an object) or as a substantive. Verb VS. Participle Listening to the speech, he fell asleep nominative present participle She was listening Audiebat Future Active Participle: 4th + ending. Translated as About to M F N Case Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural Nom -urus -uri -ura -urae -urum -ura Gen -uri -urorum -urae -urarum -uri -urorum Dat -uro -uris -urae -uris -uro -uris Acc -urum -uros -uram -uras -urum -ura Abl -uro -uris -ura -uris -uro -uris Like a 1st / 2nd declension adjective Perfect: Start with the 4th principal part of the verb, which happens to BE the perfect passive participle. Change the endings to agree with the noun or pronoun being modified. Use the same technique as with 1st and 2nd declension adjectives, since that's exactly what this participle is. Translate as having been .....ed, Ablative absolute:

Latin Study Guide Final Term 3

Catherine Perrone Band 2

i.

Infinitives
Verb - agere Present Perfect Future Active Agere (2nd part) to lead Egisse (perfect stem + isse) to have led Acturus, -a, um (from 4th part) esse to about to lead Passive Agi (taken from 2nd part) to be led Actus, - a, -um esse to have been led Actum iri to be about to be led

j. Indirect Statements:
Indirect Statements: Main verb & acc + infinitive If the action in the second clause is occurring simultaneously in the main clause, use a present infinitive If the action in the second clause is occurring before the main clause, use a perfect infinitive If the action in the second clause is occurring after the main clause, use a future infinitive Examples: I believe that dogs fly Accusative & infinitive Credo canes volare. I deny that Brutus killed Caesar. Killed perfect active infinitive Nego Brutum Caesarem necavisse. He believes that he will be a teacher. reflexive Credit se magistrum futurum esse. She believes that she was captured Credit se captam esse. She said that I went Dixit me ire The main clause is in the past tense, but the second clause is occurring simultaneously She said that I had gone Dixit me iisse. The second clause is using the pluperfect, which expressing time before the main clause Dixit me iriturum esse. She said that I would go.

Latin Study Guide Final Term 3

3. Culture a. Geography

Catherine Perrone Band 2

Adriatic Sea - Adriaticum Mare

Black Sea; Islands and Provinces of the Roman Empire

The Aegean; Creta

Latin Study Guide Final Term 3

Catherine Perrone Band 2

Popular Story Apple of discord Paris ; CAUSED THE TROJAN WAR NO MAJOR MYTHS; Injured in Trojan war Nude bathing when Theban prince and hunter Actaeon came. He stepped on a twig. She was so disgusted at his stares that she changed him to a stag. Spider; Apple of discord Created the seasons, by making Persephone come out of the Underworld for 6 months a year Echo punished her because of distracting her when Zeus was having an affair; Apple of Discord Raped Medusa; Known for creating horses Got Persephone to stay in the underworld by making her eat fruit Took pity on Orpheus and let him rescue his wife, but he didnt listen to Persephones orders, and turned his head; resulting in him not being allowed to save his wife Gave chair of the 12 Olympians to Dionysus, so she could tend the fire on Mt. Olympus Many of the powers are forged by him; i.e. Hermes winged sandals and helmet; Hades helmet of invisibility On the day of his birth he created the lyre and stole Apollos sacred cattle Apollo and Daphne Laurel tree Europa and the Bull King Minos Danae and the gold shower Perseus

b. Gods and Goddesses (bolded is the Roman name the name most likely on the test)
God/Goddess Aphrodite/Venus Ares/Mars Artemis/Diana Athena/Minerva Demeter/Ceres Hera/Juno Poseidon/Neptune Hades/Pluto Persephone/ Proserpina Hestia/Vesta Hephaestus/Vulcan Hermes/Mercury Apollo Zeus/Jupiter Janus Responsibilities Goddess of beauty and love God of war Goddess of hunting and childbirth, goddess of the moon Goddess of war, wisdom Goddess of the harvest Goddess of Marriage God of the Sea and earth God of the Underworld Goddess of the Underworld & Spring Goddess of the hearth God of fire and craftsmanship Messenger god/ god of travelers, merchants, thieves, liars, and God of the sun, archery, poetry, reason, and medicine King God, god of lightening

God of doorways January Dionysus/Bacchus God of wine c. Heroes and Monsters: i. Jason Golden Fleece ii. Medea Helped Jason by aiding him in the tasks to rescue the Golden Fleece iii. Theseus Killed the Minotaur and saved Athens iv. Daedalus Created the Labyrinth, and other things v. Minotaur Half man half bull vi. Chimaera Fire breathing monster. Head of a goat, body of a lion, and tail of a snake vii. Ulysses (Ulisse) Greek war hero, traveled all over to get home to Ithaca; Odysseus viii. Hercules 12 labors d. Underworld i. Cerberus Three headed dog that guards the underworld ii. Pluto (Hades) King of the underworld iii. Charon led the dead souls across the Styx and Acheron iv. Proserpina (Persephone) Queen of the Underworld could leave during the Spring v. Styx River that was the boundary between the Earth and the Underworld; Made Achilles invincible e. History

Latin Study Guide Final Term 3 i. Monarchy: 753BC 509 BC ii. Republic: 508BC 27BC iii. Empire: 27BC 1453 AD
f.

Catherine Perrone Band 2

g.

h.

Important People i. Brutus: Killed the last king of the monarchy, starting the republic ii. Cincinnatus: Military leader who was awarded dictatorship; declined because he enjoyed the simple life; Rome > Own Glory iii. Mucius Scaevola: Snuck onto the Etruscan camp to kill Lars Porsenna, but he was caught and burnt his hand in a dire to show his contempt for pain and torture iv. Horatius: Defended the bridge across the Tiber against the Etruscans v. Appius Claudius: Censor who created aqueducts; blind; build the via appia vi. Fabricius: Negotiated peace terms with the victorious Pyrrhus; Pyrrhus was impressed with him, and let prisoners go without random vii. Regulus: Roman Consul; commander of the naval fleet that conquered the Carthaginians; one of the most honorable men in roman history viii. Triumvirates 1. Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus 2. Octavian, Antony, Marcus Lepidus Important Events i. Laws of the 12 Tables: The earliest attempt by the Romans to create a code of law was the Laws of the Twelve Tables. A commission of ten men was appointed (c. 455 B.C.) to draw up a code of law binding on both patrician and plebeian and which consuls would have to enforce. The commission produced enough statutes to fill ten bronze tablets. The plebeians were dissatisfied and so a second commission of ten was therefore appointed (450 B.C.) and two additional tablets were added ii. Punic Wars: Hannibal iii. Battle of Cannae Worst defeat inflicted on the Romans by Hannibal iv. Final Battle of Zama in N. Africa Scipio defeats Hannibal v. Caesar defeats Pompey at the battle of Pharsalus vi. Battle of Actium: Defeat of Cleopatra and Marc Antony; End of Republic with Rise of Augustus as 1st emperor Recreation and Entertainment i. Baths Thermae ii. Chariot Racing: Spina Meta TOOK PLACE AT CIRCUS MAXIMUS; not colosseum iii. Gladiatorial games; at the Colosseum Flavian Amphitheater iv. Corinthian, Doric, Ionic Columns v. Stage performances