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    ''reservoir'' is a porous and permeable underground formation containing an individual bank of hydrocarbons confined by impermeable rock or water barriers. Black oil volatile oil Retrograde Gas Wet Gas Dry Gas Mostly methane with some intermediate molecules. Tc lower and Pc greater than black oil. Initial GOR 2000 scf / STB. API 45.

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    Chapter 1R

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    ''reservoir'' is a porous and permeable underground formation containing an individual bank of hydrocarbons confined by impermeable rock or water barriers. Black oil volatile oil Retrograde Gas Wet Gas Dry Gas Mostly methane with some intermediate molecules. Tc lower and Pc greater than black oil. Initial GOR 2000 scf / STB. API 45.

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    32 views20 pages

    Chapter 1:: Petroleum Production System

    Uploaded by

    Jay Jay
    ''reservoir'' is a porous and permeable underground formation containing an individual bank of hydrocarbons confined by impermeable rock or water barriers. Black oil volatile oil Retrograde Gas Wet Gas Dry Gas Mostly methane with some intermediate molecules. Tc lower and Pc greater than black oil. Initial GOR 2000 scf / STB. API 45.

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    of 20

    Chapter1:

    PETROLEUMPRODUCTION SYSTEM

    ProductionSystem
    Acompleteoilorgasproductionsystem consistsofa:
    Reservoir Well Flowline Separators Pumps GasCompressor

    ProductionSystem

    Reservoir
    Areservoirisaporousandpermeableunderground formationcontaininganindividualbankofhydrocarbons confinedbyimpermeablerockorwaterbarriers. Reservoirswillbeclassifiedintofivegroupsonthebaseof fluidbehavior: Blackoil Volatileoil RetrogradeGas WetGas DryGas

    Blackoil
    Large,Heavy&nonvolatilemoleculesHighTcandLow Pc. InitialGOR<2000scf/STB. API<45.

    Volatileoil
    Fewerheavyandmoreintermediatemolecules. TclowerandPcgreaterthanblackoil. InitialGORbetween2000&3000scf/STB. Usuallygreen,brownandsometimesorangecolor.

    RetrogradeGases
    T>Tc whileforblack&volatileoilT<Tc. Cricondentherm >T>Tc. Iscalledretrogradesinceitisgasinitially,thensomeliquid formsinreservoirandlattersomepartofthisliquidtransfer togasphaseagain. Lightliquid(40<API<60)willbeproduced. Lightlycoloredliquid:whitewater,green,orangeorbrown. Sometimesiscalled:retrogradegascondensate,gas condensateorcondensate. InitialGOR>3000scf/STBandupto150,000scf/STB. Surfacegasisveryrichinintermediatehydrocarbons.i.e. (Propane,Butane,PentaneandHexane).

    Retrogradecontd

    Lowmolecularweightgases. T>CricondenthermNoliquidinreservoir. Someliquidformsinsurface.

    WetGas

    DryGas
    MostlyMethanewithsomeintermediatemolecules. T>>Tc&Cricondenthermandthereisnoliquidformationin bothreservoirandsurface. Iscalleddrysincethereisnoliquidinsurface. SimplyiscalledGasreservoir.

    OilReservoircondition&drive
    IfP>Pb(bubblepointpressure),reservoiriscalled undersaturatedelseitiscalledsaturatedreservoir. Ifmoregascanbesolvedinoil,oiliscalledundersaturated andifnomoregascanbesolved,itiscalledsaturated. UndersaturatedreservoirSinglephaseflow. Saturatedreservoirtwo(oil&gas)phaseflow. Thereisseveraldifferentreservoirdrive: 1 waterdrivereservoir 2 gascapdrivereservoir 3 dissolvedgasdrivereservoir Insomecases,gascapandwaterdrivesexistsimultaneously.

    Waterdrive
    oilisincontactwithundergroundwater(aquifer). Watermovesupduringtheproduction,replacestheoiland maintainspressure. Therearetwotypeofwaterdrives:Bottom&Edgedrive.

    GasCapdrive
    Inthisdrive,gascapabovetheoilexpands,forcesoiltothe productionwellsandmaintainspressure. Gascapexistinitiallyinsaturatedreservoirsanditwillform graduallyinundersaturated.

    DissolvedgasDrive
    Thisdriveistheresultofoilexpansion. Ithappensjustinisolatedundersaturatedreservoirs. Pressuredropssharplyuntilgascapforms.

    well
    Oilandgaswellsaredrilledlikeanupsidedowntelescope. Thelargediameterboreholesectionisatthetopofthewell. Severalcasingsareusedandthelastoneisproductioncasing. Aftercementingproductioncasing,tubingisrunintothewell.

    Flowline
    Transportproducedfluidfrombottomofwelltothewellhead andsurface. Flowlineisplacedinthelastcasing(productioncasing). Apackerisusedtoseparateproductionzonefromother zonesandtoguidefluidtoflowinflowline.

    Separator
    Producedfluidusuallyconsistofgas,oil&waterandsome timessolidparticles. Thesefluidsandalsosolidshouldbeseparatedassoonas possibleandthereforeseparatorsareusedinsurface. thereistheretypeofseparators: 1 horizontal 2 vertical 3 spherical Themostcommonseparatorishorizontalseparators.

    Pumps
    Afterseparation,oilispumpedthroughthepipelinetosale point. Reciprocatingpumpsareusedforthispurpose. Reciprocatingpumpsarepositivedisplacementpumps (forcingfluidwithapiston). Therearetwotypesofthem:Singleaction&Doubleaction.

    Gascompressor
    Compressorsareusedforprovidinggaspressurerequiredto transportgasinpipelines toliftoilingasliftoperations. Twotypeofgascompressorsareused:reciprocating&rotary. Reciprocatingcompressorshavemoremovingpartsand thereforehavelessmechanicalefficiency.

    Reference
    PetroleumProductionEngineering,AcomputerAssisted Approach;BoyunGuo,WilliamC.Lyons,AliGhalambor; ElsevierScience&TechnologyBooks;2007. ThePropertiesofPetroleumFluids;WilliamD.McCain; PennwellBooks;1990.

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