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Name of Course Immunology and Advanced Microbiology Course Code AACB4254 Name(s) of academic staff Dr Loke Chui Fung, PhD (Immunology & Biotechnology), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 2002; MSc (Molecular Biology), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 1997; Bachelor of Science (Hons), Univeristi Pertanian Malaysia, 1995. Ms Kelly Lim Swee Ying, MSc (Molecular Biology), National University of Singapore, 2010; BSc (Hons), University of New South Wales, Australia, 2003.

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Rationale for the inclusion of the course in the programme This course focuses on the human immune system and its responses to infections as well as the epidemiological study of human infections of great concern. Objectives: 1. To introduce the students the fundamental concepts of immunology 2. To provide the students the basic theoretical and technical study of the pathogenesis and epidemiology of the various microorganisms.

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Semester and Year offered Semester 3 Total Student Learning Time (SLT) Total Student Face to Face Learning Time (SLT) L=Lecture T=Tutorial P=Practical O=Others Credit Value 4 Prerequisite (if any) None Learning outcomes Upon completion of the course, students should be able to: 1. Describe the general features of immune responses. (C4, P4, A2, CTPS) 2. Illustrate how immunity works in pathogenic infections. (C4, P4, A2, CTPS) 3. Conduct basic immunological laboratory techniques. (C4, P4, A2, CTPS) L T P 27 O 6 93 168

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Total Guided and Independent Learning

Total SLT

28 14

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4. Discuss the pathogenesis and epidemiology of various microorganisms that cause human disease. (C3, P4, A2, CTPS) 10. Transferable Skills: Skills and how they are developed and assessed, Project and practical experience and Internship Transferable Skills Communicate effectively, both orally and in writing Make effective use of IT for obtaining information Read and comprehend various types of sciencerelated reading materials Work effectively within a team 11. How they are developed Developed through lessons, tutorials, coursework assessment and examination Developed through doing assignment on science issues for report writing Developed through lessons and examination Assessment Assessed through written coursework, group based discussion and examination Assessed through coursework

Assessed through coursework and examination Developed through lessons and Assessed through group group based coursework and based coursework and practical practical

Teaching-learning and assessment strategy Teaching-learning Strategy Group Discussion Group Work/Assignment Independent Reading E-learning Problem based learning Assessment Report Writing Tutorials Quizes Tests Examination

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Synopsis This course focuses on the elements involved in the immune system, how the immune responses are triggered during microbial infections. It also covers the basic theoretical and technical study of the structure, molecular biology, pathogenesis and epidemiology of the various microorganisms that cause human disease, as well as the host defense mechanisms against them. The epidemiology, pathogenesis, immunology and chemotherapy of certain diseases of great concern will be discussed.

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Mode of Delivery Lecture Tutorial Practical Assessment Methods and Types Coursework (40%) Test(s)/Assignment/Quiz/Tutorial: 40% Examination (60%) Practical (100%)

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Mapping of the course to the Programme Aims PA1-3, 5 Mapping of the course to the Programme Learning Outcomes LO2, 6-7 Content outline of the course and the SLT per topic Week Topic Student Learning Time (SLT) L T P O Total Guided and Independent Learning 1. An Overview of the Immune 1 1 9 12 System Innate and acquired immunity. Characteristics of the immune system: antigen and antibody, cells and tissues of the immune system. 4 2 8

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2. The Major Histocompatability Complex and Cytokines Major histocompatability complex (MHC). MHC restriction. MHC class I and class II pathways. Antigen Processing and

presentation. Cytokines: General properties, functions, cytokine receptors and therapeutic uses. 3 1 5

3. Activation and Function of B and T Lymphocytes The biology of B and T lymphocytes. Activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. Memory B and T lymphocytes. B lymphocyte activation and function. T-independent responses.

4. Complement System Classical and alternative pathways of complement. Regulation of complement. Biological activities of complement Reactions

5. Hypersensitivity

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Anaphylactic reactions. Cytotoxic reactions. Immune aggregate reactions. Delayed-type hypersensitivity. Immune Tumor 2 1 4

6. Disorders of the Response and Immunology Immunodeficiency disorders.

Autoimmune disorders. Tumor immunology.

Advanced Microbiology 7. The Epidemiology of Infectious Disease Epidemiology defined. Diseases in population. Reservoirs of infection. Portals of entry and exit. Modes of disease transmission. Disease cycles. Nosocomial infections. 5 2 9 4 2 3 11

8. Viral Diseases of Human Viral infections transmitted via respiration: chicken pox, Rubella, Measles, smallpox mumps influenza, colds etc. Viral pathogenesis. Airborne, arthropodborne, food-borne and waterborne diseases. Direct contact and sexually transmitted diseases: gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydiae etc. Emerging viruses

9. Major Microbial Diseases of Human Skin infections Respiratory diseases: Diptheria, whooping cough, pneumonia, streptococcal infections,

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meningitis, tuberculosis, leprosy, psittacosis etc. Bacterial diseases of the gastrointestinal tract: ulcers, food poisoning, food-borne and waterborne infections Fungal diseases: histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycoses, aspergillosis, candidiasis etc. Urinary tract infections Sexually transmitted diseases Protozoa as agents of disease: amebiasis, giardiasis, malaria etc. Intestinal and luminal protozoa, blood protozoa, nematodes, cestodes, Trematodes, and arthropods

Assessment: Coursework (Assignment/Quiz/Tutorial/Test) Final Exam Total Total SLT Subject Credit Main references supporting the course 28 14 27

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6 93 168 4

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1. Wood, P., Understanding Immunology, 2nd edition, Prentice Hall (2006) 2. Coico, R., Sunshine, G. & Benhoursini, E., Immunology, A Short Course, Wiley (2003) 3. Hogg, S., Essential Microbiology, Wiley (2005) 4. Tortora, G.J., Funke B.R. and Case C.L., Microbiology, An Introduction. 9th edition, Pearson/Benhoursin/Cumming Publishing (2007) 5. Palladino, M. A. & Hill, S., Emerging Infectious Diseases, Pearson (2006)

6. Madigan, M.T., & Martinko, J.M., Brock Biology of Microorganisms, 11th edition, Pearson/Prentice Hall (2006) Additional references supporting the course 1. Bauman, R. W., Microbiology with Diseases by Taxonomy, 2nd edition, Pearson (2007) 2. Baker, S. , Nicklin, J., Khan, N. and Kilington, R., Instant Notes in Microbiology, 3rd edition, Taylor and Francis (2006) 3. Ingraham, J. L. & Ingraham, C. A., Introduction to Microbiology: A Case-History Approach, Thomson Brooks/Cole (2004) 19. Other additional information: Lab activities: 1. Precipitation reaction: ring test The antigen-antibody reaction will be observed by a precipitate formation after bovine serum and its antisera are reacted together. The sera and the antisera will be purchased commercially. 2. Blood Grouping Students are allowed to perform blood grouping testing using the available commercial card and they are able to observe the agglutination reaction formed. 3. Precipitin reaction: immunodiffusion Students will be taught the basic principles in immunological procedures. They will be taught the Ouchterlony plate method. The diffusion of antigen-antibody through the gel matrix is observed. 4. Agglutination reaction: Antibody test Students will be taught to determine the antibody titer by observing the agglutination reaction using the basic immunological procedures. 5. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Students will be taught to observe the antigen-antibody reaction using an enzyme linked assay. 6. Aseptic Techniques They will be introduced to the laboratory safety measures during handling of experimental work. Students will be taught how to prepare agar plates for use in microbiological experiments in an aseptic condition. They will also be taught how to streak bacterial culture onto the plate. 7. Basic Identification of bacteria Students will be taught to use conventional biochemical tests to identify microorganisms.

The tests includes: indole, MR-VP, citrate utilization, motility, gram staining, triple sugar iron utilization, and production of hydrogen peroxide Resources: Bacterial cultures: Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumoniae Acinetobacter spp Pseudomonas aeruginosa Salmonella spp. Streptococcus pneumoniae Staphylococcus aureus 8. Identification of unknown bacterial samples Students were required to identify unknown bacterial cultures using conventional biochemical tests learned in previous lab session (Lab vi). They will be required to use the appropriate tests and understand the principles of microbiological techniques The tests includes: indole, MR-VP, citrate utilization, motility, gram staining, triple sugar iron utilization, and production of hydrogen peroxide Each group will be given 3 of the bacterial culture below and expected to identify them. Resources: Bacterial cultures: Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumoniae Acinetobacter spp Pseudomonas aeruginosa Salmonella spp. Streptococcus pneumoniae Staphylococcus aureus 9. Enumeration of bacterial cultures

Students will be taught the techniques to count viable bacteria from an environment sample. The techniques used are the spread plate and serial dilution. Water samples spiked with bacterial cultures will be given to students and they are expected to calculate the bacterial load in the sample.