BTS(C) VIII 10 002 P

B. Tech Degree VIII Semester Examination, April 2010

ME 802 COMPRESSIBLE FLUID FLOW

(2006 Scheme)
Time : 3 Hours
PART A (Answer ALL questions) (All questions carry EOUAL marks)

Maximum Marks : 100

(8 x 5 = 40)

(Use of steam tables and gas tables are permitted)

I. (a) What is meant by steady flow ellipse? Indicate various regions of flow on this ellipse. Explain chocking in isentropic flow. Write down the Prandtl's relation for stationary normal shock and hence show that for a given stagnation temperature the following relation is valid. 772 Sketch the Mach wave pattern that occurs when a supersonic flow is turned away from itself with the help of a convex corner. Explain how the friction in a constant area duct affects the flow, if the flow is (ii) initially supersonic initially subsonic What is Rayleigh flow? Under what condition does the assumption of Rayleigh flow is invalid for a heat exchanger? How is it possible to employ the pitot tube for measurement in a supersonic stream? Derive the Rayleigh supersonic pitot formula. How does a shadowgraph preferred over a Schlieren system in studying density effects?
PART B II.

M,

2 m 2 = Consy
2

(0

(a)

(b)

(4 x 15 = 60) The pressure temperature and Mach number at the entry of a flow passage are 2.45 bar, 26.5 C and 1.4 respectively. If the exit Mach number is 2.5 determine for adiabatic flow of a perfect gas (V = 1-3, R = 0.469kJ/KgK) : (i) Stagnation temperature Temperature and velocity of gas at exit (8) (iii) The flow rate per square metre of the inlet cross section. Derive the general equation of conservation of energy as applied to a control volume. Hence show that for one-dimensional study flow of a perfect gas, the energy equation C2 can be written as n + = constant. h (7)
2 OR

III.

(a)

Air enters a variable area duct at a pressure of 350kN/m 2 , a temperature of 27 and a velocity of 150m/s. The area of cross-section at entry is 500cm and the exit area is 350 cm2. If the flow is isentropic, determine the mass flow rate through the duct (H) the pressure, temperature and velocity at exit from the duct (iii) the change in impulse function. Derive an expression for area ratio A flow of a perfect gas.

(9)

(b)

A.

in terms of Mach number, for an isentropic (6)

1(Turn Over)

 2 A certain nozzle is designed for an isentropic flow with an exit Mach number 2. Find the pressure ratio which locates a normal shock at the diverging throat of the nozzle exit of the nozzle (iii) half way down the diverging section of the nozzle. Assume y = 1.4 and that the diverging section is having uniform divergence. OR Starting from the equation for entropy change across a normal shock wave, fmd an equation for entropy change across an oblique shock wave. Air having a Mach number 3.0, approaches a symmetrical wedge having a wedge angle of 30 . The pressure and temperature of the air are 1 bar and 27 C. Find the Mach number and velocity of flow downstream of the shock wave, assuming that a weak oblique shock is formed. Also fmd the pressure, density, temperature and stagnation pressure downstream of the shock wave.

(a) (b)

(10)

(a) (b)

Show that the Mach number is unity at the point of maximum entropy on the Fanno line. Air flows through an insulated circular pipe at a rate of 495 Kg/minute. The pressure, temperature and Mach number of air at entrance to the pipe are 0.3MPa, 27C and 0.15 respectively. The co-efficient of friction for the pipe is assumed constant and its value is 0.005. If the Mach number at exit is 0.5, determine the diameter of the pipe the length of the pipe pressure and temperature of air at the exit of the pipe (iv) stagnation pressure loss. OR A combustion chamber in a gas-turbine plant receives air at 300K, 55 KPa and 60m/s. The fuel air ratio is 29 and the calorific value of the fuel is 42MJ/Kg. Assuming y =1.4 and R = 0.287KJ/Kg.K for the gas, determine Mach numbers at inlet and exit Pressure, temperature and velocity of the gas at exit of Combustion chamber. Percentage loss in stagnation pressure (15) (iv) Maximum attainable stagnation temperature.

(a) (b)

(a) (b)

Explain with the aid of a schematic diagram the working of a closed circuit continuous supersonic wind tunnel. What are the two different arrangements by which the hot wire anemometer is used? With the help of circuit diagram and typical calibration curves explain how velocity can be calculated from the results. OR Explain how laser beam is employed in the measurement of velocity components in compressible flow? What are the advantages and disadvantages of laser velocimetry? Explain the working principle of shock tube with neat sketch.
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