2010-AL

PMATH
HONG KONG EXAMINATIONS AND ASSESSMENT AUTHORITY
PAPER 1 HONG KONG ADVANCED LEVEL EXAMINATION 2010
PURE MATHEMATICS A-LEVEL PAPER 1
8.30 am - 11.30 am (3 hours)
This paper must be answered in English
1. This paper consists of Section A and Section B.
2. Answer ALL questions in Section A, using the AL(E) answer book.
3. Answer any FOUR questions in Section B, using the AL(C) answer book.
4. Unless otherwise specified, all working must be clearly shown .

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Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority
All Rights Reserved 2010
201O-AL-P MATIll-l
Not to be taken away before the
end of the examination session
FORMULAS FOR REFERENCE
sin(A B) = sin A cos Bcos A sin B
cos(A B) = cos A cos B +sin A sin B
tanAtanB
tan(A B)
1+ tan A tan B
. A . B 2' A+B A-B
sm +sm = sm--cos-
2 2
A+B . A-B
sin A-sin B 2 cos sm-
2 2
A+B A-B
cos A + cos B = 2 cos --cos-
2 2
. A+B . A-B
cosA-cosB -2sm sm
2 2
2 sin A cos B = sin(A + B) + sin(A B)
2 cos A cos B =cos(A + B) + cos(A - B)
2 sin A sin B cos(A - B) - cos(A + B)
201O-AL-P MATH 1-2 2
SECTION A (40 marks)
Answer ALL questions in this section.
Write your answers in the AL(E) answer book.
Let n be a positive integer. Denote the coefficient of Xk in the expansion of (1 + 2X)" by ak .
Prove that
n
n
(a) 'L>k =3 ,
k=O
n
(b) L kak =2n3
n
-
1
,
k=!
n
(c)L(3k+l)ak =(2n+l)3
n

k=O
(7 marks)
2. (a)
Resolve
x
(x
2
-1)(x
2
- 4)
into partial fractions.
(b)
By differentiating
x
(x
2
_1)(x
2
-4)
, or otherwise, resolve
3x
4
-5x
2
-4
(x
2
-li(x
2
-4i
into partial
fractions.
(c)
Evaluate
00 3k
4
-5e-4
L 2 2 2 2
k=3 (k -I) (k - 4)
(6 marks)
3. Let f(x) = x
3
+ g(x) , where g(x) is a guadratic polynomial with real coefficients. When f(x) is
divided by (x I)(x 4) and when f(x) is divided by (x 4)2, the remainders are -x + k and
kx - 10 respectively, where k is a real number. Find
(a) k,
,(b) g(x) ,
(c) the remainder when (g(x)i is divided by x + 1 .
(7 marks)
201O-AL-P MATH 1-3
3 Go on to the next page>
4. (a) Write down the matrix which represents the anticlockwise rotation about the origin by 7r in the
2
Cartesian plane.
(b) Let 0 be the origin. It is given that 0, P(1, 3) and Q are the vertices of an isosceles triangle,
where LPOQ == 7r and Q lies in the second quadrant.
2
(i) Find the coordinates of Q .
Oi) Let T be the transformation which transforms the points (1,0) and (0, 1) to the
points (0,-1) and (-1,0) respectively and M be the 2x2 realmatrixwhich
represents the transformation T.
(1) Write down the matrix M.
(2) Describe the geometric meaning of the transformation T.
(3) The transformation T transforms 0, P and Q to 0' , P' and Q'
respectively. Find the area of f..O'P'Q' .
(7 marks)
@ Let S {ZEC: zz=(12+16i)z+(12-16i)z 375}.
(a) Prove that S is represented by a circle on the Argand diagram. Also [rod the centre and the
radius of the circle.
(b) Find Zl E S such that Izl I~ IZ I for all Z E S .
(7 marks)
6. Let a, /3, rand 0 be positive real numbers. Prove that
I I 1 I)
(a) (a+/3+r+o) -+ + +- ~ 1 6 ,
(
a /3 r 0
_
_ 3__ 3 3 3 > ___16__
(b)
+ + +
/3+r+ o r+o+a o+a+/3 a+/3+r a+/3+r+ o
a /3 r 0 4
l (c); ---+ + + ~ -
\J {3+r+o r+ o +a o+a+/3 a+/3+r 3
(6 marks)
..
201O-AL-P MATH 1-4 4
I
SECTION B (60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions in this section. Each question carries 15 marks.
Write your answers in the AL(C) answer book.
7. (a) Consider the system of linear equations in x , y, z
y +
z 2
() { ~
+
4z 2 , where a, b E R .
3x
+
4y
+
(a+4)z = b
(i) Find the range of values of a for which (E) has a unique solution, and solve (E) when
(E) has a unique solution.
Oi) Suppose that a 2. Find the value(s) of b for which (E) is consistent, and solve (E)
for such value(s) of b.
(S marks)
(b) Consider the system of linear equations in x , y, z
, : +
y + z 2
+ 2z
(F) :
/!. ' where /!., 11 E R .
3x + 4y + 2z
1
7x + 17y 3z
Find the values of /!. and 11 for which (F) is consistent.
(4 marks)
(c) Consider the system of linear equations in x, y, z
y + z 2
: +
6z 3
(G) :
9x + 12y + 14z 15
{
5x 2y lSz 16
Is (G) consistent? Explain your answer.
(3 marks)
S. (a) Let /!. be a real number and p(x) be a polynomial with real coefficients. Prove that /!. is a
repeated root of the equation p(x) =0 if and only if p(/!.) p/(/!.) "= 0 .
(4 marks)
(b) Let f(x) x
6
+ ax
5
+ bx
4
+ ex
3
+bx
2
+ ax + 1 , where a, b and e are real numbers.
Suppose that a real number 11 is a repeated root of the equation f(x) = 0 . Prove that
Oi) is a repeated root of the equation f(x) = 0 .
11
(6 marks)
(c) Let g(x) 4x
6
16x
5
+17x4 _7x
3
+17x2 -16x+4 .
(i) Find a repeated root of the equation g(x) O.
(ii) Can g(x) be factorized as a product oflinear polynomials with real coefficients?
Explain your answer.
(5 marks)
201O-AL-P MATH 1-5 5
Go on to the next page)
-
9. Let xl and YI be real numbers. For any positive integer n, define
5 1 2 7
xn+l -xn + Yn and Yn+l =-Xn +-Yn .
6 6 9 9
(a) Suppose that xl > Yl .
(i) Prove that Xn > Y
n

(ii) Prove that {xn} is a strictly decreasing sequence and {Yn} is a strictly increasing
sequence.
(iii) Prove that {xn} and {yn} are convergent sequences.
(iv) Prove that lim Xn = lim Yn
n ~ o o n ~ o o
(v) Prove that 4xn+1 +3Yn+1 = 4xn +3Yn
(vi) Express lim xn in terms of Xl and YI .
n ~ " "
(12 marks)
(b) Suppose that XI < Yl . Are {xn} and {Yn} convergent sequences? Explain your answer.
(3 marks)
10. Denote the 2 x 2 identity matrix by I. A 2 x 2 real matrix M is said to be orthogonal if and only if
MMT I, where MT is the transpose of M.
(a) Prove that a 2 x 2 real matrix M is orthogonal if and only ifthere exists 0 E R such that
COS 0 sin 0] [COS 0
M= or M
- sin 0 cos 0 sin 0
(6 marks)
cosO
[
' : ~ J
sin 0] If cos nO sin no]
(b) (i) Suppose that M =
r
. Prove that M
n
= for all
l-sinO cosO -sinnO cosnO
positive integers n.
f cos 0
SinO]
M
n
(ii) Suppose that M = . Evaluate for all positive integers n.
sin 0 -cosO
I
(3 marks)
X
400
(c) Find all 2 x 2 real orthogonal matrices X such that '" -I .
(4 marks)
M
401
(d) Suppose that M is a 2 x 2 real orthogonal matrix. Is orthogonal? Explain your answer.
(2 marks)
201O-AL-P MATI! l'-{) 6
-
r
11. (a) (i) Prove that In x s x 1 for all x > 0 .
(ii) Let ai' a
2
, ,an and b
l
, b
2
, . ,b
n
be positive real numbers satisfYing
al +a2 +"'+a
n
=alb
l
+a2b2 +"'+anb
n
=1. Provethat bjG'b2Gz .. b
n
G
sl
(4 marks)
(b) (i) Prove that xx;:>: x for all x> 0 .
(ii) Let CI' C2' , C
n
be positive real numbers satisfying Cj
C
2'" c
n
1.
(3 marks)
(c) Let xl' x2"" 'Xn be positive real numbers. Prove that
(i)
x x x (
(ii) Xl 'X2 2 Xn n :2::
(8 marks)
END OF PAPER
201O-AL-P MATH 1-7
7
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