PAMM Proc. Appl. Math. Mech. 10, 365 366 (2010) / DOI 10.1002/pamm.

201010175

Fully Coupled Thermo-Hydrodynamic Simulation Model for Journal Bearings

L. Esmaeili1, and B. Schweizer1
1

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Multibody Systems, University of Kassel, Mnchebergstr. 7, 34125 Kassel, Germany

The isothermal form of Reynolds uid lm equation is used to predict the pressure generation in hydrodynamic journal bearings if temperature effects are neglected. Often, however, temperature effects may be important and cannot be neglected, because oil viscosity signicantly varies with temperature. Also, thermal expansion of journal shaft and bearing housing must be taken into account since the bearing clearance changes with increasing temperature. Hence, the Reynolds pressure eld equation, the energy equation for the uid lm and the heat transfer equations for journal and bearing housing have to be solved simultaneously. The coupled thermo-hydrodynamic uid ow problem is mathematically dened by a system of nonlinear integro-differential equations. The governing equations are discretized and solved by a nite element approach.
c 2010 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

Thermo-Hydrodynamic Journal Bearing Simulation

The model of the here considered hydrodynamic bearing (breadth B, radius R, dimensionless eccentricity , dimensionless clearance ) consists of the shaft (temperature eld TS , constant angular velocity ), the uid lm (pressure eld p, temperature eld TF ) and the bush (temperature eld TB ), see Fig. 1. For the coupled simulation of the pressure distribution and the temperature elds, the uid lm and the bush are developed and treated in cartesian coordinates (dimensionless coordinates , y = y/h, z = z/(B/2)). Assuming a rotational symmetric solution, the rotating shaft can be analyzed in cylindrical coordinates (dimensionless radial coordinate r). The boundary and interphase conditions are schematically illustrated in Fig. 3D Energiegleichung und Wrmeleitung: Randbedingungen 2. The temperature in the oil groove is computed by an oil-mixing model [1].
y ,r
Convective Heat Transfer

OilGroove
Periodic B.C.

Bush
Convective Heat Transfer

Dirichlet B C B.C.

Shaft TS(r,z)

Periodic B.C.

Bush TB(,r,z)

Fluid Film
Bush/Fluid Film Interface

Neumann B.C.

Convective Heat Transfer Neumann B.C.

FluidFilm p(,z),TF(,y,z)
z

Shaft
Dirichlet B.C.

Fluid Film/Shaft Interface I t f

Rotational Symmetry

44

Fig. 1 Hydrodynamic bearing (3D-View).

Fig. 2 Coupling structure: Boundary and interphase conditions.

Coupled Integro-PDE System

The dimensionless stationary pressure eld p = p 2 /(0 ) in the uid lm is calculated with the extended Reynolds equation p 0 2R B
2

H3

H3

p 0 z

(1 e(a p) ) H

1 2

+ (1 e(a p) )

H ,

(1)

where H = h/(R) = 1 + cos() denotes the dimensionless gap function. In this work, a mass-conserving cavitation model is applied and the dimensionless oil density is calculated according to = /0 = 1 e(a p) with a =const. The oil viscosity depends on the local temperature and local pressure and is calculated by means of = 1 e(a p) with

Corresponding author

E-mail: esmaeili@mks.uni-kassel.de, Phone: +49 561 804 7158, Fax: +49 561 804 2847

c 2010 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

366

Section 7: Coupled Problems

1

= /0 = e(TF T0 ) . The functions 0 , 1 and 2 are dened by the integral equations 0 = 0 [(y/)(y 1 /2 )]dy, 1 1 1 = 0 (y/)dy and 2 = 0 (1/)dy, see [2]. The dimensionless temperature eld T F = TF o cp /(o ) in the uid lm is calculated by the following energy equation u v y
2

T F y H T F H y + w y
2

+v

1 T F H y

+w

2R T F B z

H 2 2

1 e(a p) 2R B
2

u y

1 e(a p)

T F y H T F H y

1 2T F + H 2 2 y2

2T F z2

, (2)

where = /(R2 o cp ) terms the thermal conductivity. The dimensionless velocity elds are given by u= p H2 1 e(a p) 1 1 2 2 + , (3) 2 2 w= 2R B p H2 1 1 2 2 1 e(a p) z 2R B , (4)

( 1 e(a p) u) H H ( u) H v = +y (a p) y y 1e 1 e(a p)

( 1 e(a p) w) , (5) z

with 1 = (y/) dy and 2 = (1/) dy. The temperature elds TS (r, z) and TB (, r, z) are calculated by a 2D and 3D heat transfer equation. It should be stressed that bearing clearance is considered temperature-dependent due to the thermal deformations of the shaft and the bush.

Simulation Results

The governing equations for the fully coupled problem consist of a system of partial differential and integral equations. These equations are discretized by a nite-element approach and solved simultaneously. Bearing data and operating conditions can be found in [3]. The simulated pressure and temperature eld in the uid lm as well as the temperature eld in the bush and the shaft are shown in Fig. 3.
Max:73.27 70 68 Max:69.91

50 40

64 62 60 58 56 54

30 20 10

52

a)
Max:69.77
Max:68.8

T perat Temp ture[C] ]

b)

Pre re [b essu bar]

60

66

FluidFilm

68

Ambience Shaft

Ambience

64 62 60 58

60

r
55

50

Shaft Axis

56 54 52

z
45

50

c)

T perat Temp ture[C] ]

d)

Fig. 3 a) Pressure eld in the uid lm p(, z). b) Temperature eld in the uid lm TF (, y, z). c) Temperature eld in the bush TB (, r, z). d) Temperature eld in the shaft TS (r, z).

References
[1] L. Costa, A.S. Miranda, M. Fillon and J.C.P. Claro, Engineering Tribology 217, 133-144 (2003). [2] D. Dowson, Int. J. Mech. Sci. 4, 159-170 (1962). [3] L. Costa, A.S. Miranda, J.C.P. Claro and M. Fillon, Lubrication Science 15, 147-161 (2003).
c 2010 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

T perat Temp ture[C] ]

56

66

www.gamm-proceedings.com