Internal Combustion Engine Lab

VVT-I , IVTEC and VVTL-I TECHNOLOGIES LUBRICATING OILS AND TRANSMISSION OILS TORSION BAR, SUSPENSION SYSTEM IN QINGQI NOISE CONTROL IN 2-STROKE ENGINE

SUBMITTED TO :

SIR USMAN
SUBMITTED BY:

Iqra Younas
2008-ME-105

2/28/2012

Iqra Younas

2008-ME-105

ICE lab

What's VVT-i and VVTL-i???

VVT-i is Variable Valve Timing - with intelligence and VVTL-i is Variable Valve Timing & Lift with intelligence. So we got that out of the way what do they both do to my motor??? VVT-i is in the Toyota Celica GT's first. Variable Valve Timing with intelligence is quite remarkable in it operation and what it does. Most cars run on valve timing that is set and cannot be changed unless you buy a set of aftermarket cam gears. Which this method is quite pricey but can give you better performance usually at the cost of fuel economy and usually makes your lowend power suffer to make the top end of your power band better. This sometimes hurts drivability. So you can see for buying adjustable cam gears it can do well at the track but you might have a hard time driving around at 30 miles per hour. VVT-i, varies the timing of the intake valves by adjusting the relationship between the camshaft drive (belt, scissor-gear or chain) and intake camshaft. Engine oil pressure is applied to an actuator to adjust the camshaft position. Adjustments in the overlap time between the exhaust valve closing and intake valve opening result in improved engine efficiency.

VVTL-i
The new 180hp Celica GT-S (USA/CAN) now features the amazing VVTL-i engine developed by Toyota and Yamaha. Based on the standard 140hp 1.8 VVT-i, the VVTL-i has both Variable Valve Timing and Variable Valve Lift. The latter is achieved by an extra cam lobe that is brought into play by the engine electronics via a hydraulic actuator.

Iqra Younas

2008-ME-105

ICE lab

Interestingly, Toyota have set up the system so that the extra power kicks in a little over 6000 rpm. The torque curve of a VVTL-i is almost exactly the same as a VVT-i up to that point and then suddenly, where the VVT-i begins to run out of steam and revs, the new engine develops a new lease of life producing the extra 49 bhp right through to its rpm redline. The disappointing thing is that even with the new close ratio gearbox, the engine drops out of its optimum rev range when changing down. It seems very strange to us that the extra horsepower doesn't kick in just below 6000 rpm so that the engine can be kept in its sweet spot - this would almost certainly knock over a second off the already impressive 0-60 time of the Celica, putting it into another class altogether. Perhaps Toyota are saving this extra power for a later date. We expect to see after market chips that vary the valve lift at a lower engine speed, though as yet, none have appeared. The diagram below shows the two cams which are both always turning, and the hydraulic actuator that moves the 'Rocker Arm Pin' into place at a preset engine speed.

I-VTEC with Variable Cylinder Management (VCM)

In 2003, Honda introduced an i-VTEC V6 (an update of the J-series) that includes Honda's cylinder deactivation technology which closes the valves on one bank of (3) cylinders during light load and low speed (below 80 km/h (50 mph)) operation. According to Honda, "VCM technology works on the principle that a vehicle only requires a fraction of its power output at cruising speeds. The system electronically deactivates cylinders to reduce fuel consumption. The engine is able to run on 3, 4, or all 6 cylinders based on the power requirement. Essentially getting the best of both worlds.V6 power when accelerating or climbing, as well as the efficiency of a smaller engine when cruising." The technology was originally introduced to the US on the 2005 minivan, and can now be found on the Honda Accord Hybrid, the 2006 Honda Pilot, and the 2008 Honda Accord. Example: EPA estimates for the 2011 (271 hp SOHC 3.5L) V6 Accord are 24 mpg combined vs. 27 in the two 4cylinder-equipped models. i-VTEC VCM was also used in 1.3L 4-cylinder engines used in Honda Civic Hybrid. It is a version of i-VTEC with direct injection.

Iqra Younas

2008-ME-105

ICE lab

Lubricating and transmission oil

Selected fractions of refined petroleum or other oils (with or without additives) used to lessen friction between moving surfaces. Also known as lube oil. Motor oil and transmission oil or fluid are needed for basic car maintenance. There are several differences between the two, and each is designed to serve a particular purpose for the car.

Function
Although both motor oil and transmission fluid (oil) are designated to cool and lubricate, only transmission fluid must be constantly under pressure. Furthermore, motor oil also cleans and protects the engine, while transmission fluid provides shift control.

Significance
Motor oil is designed to lubricate the moving parts inside of an engine to prevent metal to metal contact. Additionally, it is intended to keep engine parts cool and clean the engine of waxes, carbon deposits and tar naturally found in oil. Transmission fluid also lubricates and cools moving parts; however, it is a thicker fluid that delivers power from the engine to the transmission.

Benefits
In motor oil, additives such as detergents, buffers and solvents are added to keep the engine clean from deposits. Although transmission fluid is similar to motor oil, it is intended to be used in the hydraulic system of a vehicle. Corrosion inhibitors, polyalphaolefins (PAO) and esters are some additives included in transmission fluid to make it last a long time.

Differences
Transmission fluid is a hydraulic fluid and motor oil is a lubricant. While transmission fluid does have some lubricating properties, it is not enough to sustain an engine. Motor oil is an excellent lubricant, but not such a good hydraulic fluid so it cannot be used in a transmission. Transmission fluid can also be used in power steering systems without harm since that is a hydraulic system, but not motor oil.

Iqra Younas

2008-ME-105

ICE lab

Transmission oil has detergents in it that have been used in the past to clean engines, but today's 10w30 and other weight motor oils have detergents in them as well. There is no reason to run transmission oil through a motor. Transmission oil can cause serious problems if run through a motor for extended periods of time.

Motor oil
Motor oil or engine oil is an oil used for lubrication of various internal combustion engines. The main function is to lubricate moving parts; it also cleans, inhibits corrosion, improves sealing, and cools the engine by carrying heat away from moving parts. An example is lubricating oil for 4-stroke or 4-cycle internal combustion engines such as those used in portable electricity generators and "walk behind" lawn mowers. Another example is 2-stroke oil for lubrication of 2-stroke or 2-cycle internal combustion engines found in snow blowers, chain saws, model airplanes, gasoline powered gardening equipment like hedge trimmers, leaf blowers and soil cultivators. Often, these motors are not exposed to as wide service temperature ranges as in vehicles, so these oils may be single viscosity oils.

Transmission oil
Automatic transmission fluid (ATF) is the fluid used in vehicles with self shifting or automatic transmissions. It is typically colored red or green to distinguish it from motor oil and other fluids in the vehicle. On most vehicles its level is checked by a dipstick while the engine is running.The fluid is a highly specialized oil optimized for the special requirements of a transmission, such as valve operation, brake band friction and the torque converter as well as gear lubrication.

Iqra Younas

2008-ME-105

ICE lab

ATF is also used as a hydraulic fluid in some power assisted steering systems, as a lubricant in some 4WD transfer cases, and in some modern manual transmissions.

Torsion bar
A torsion bar is a flexible spring that can be moved about its axis via twisting. Torsion bars are designed and based on the amount of torque used in the twisting of the spring, the angle of the twist, the overall dimensions of the torsion bar and what materials the torsion bar is made from. The most common place to find a torsion bar is in the suspension of a car or truck, in machines used for production or in other precision devices. The flexibility of the spring is the main reason that a torsion bar is used. If a more rigid structure were used such as a steel rod were used too much load bearing pressure would be placed on the both the wheels and the under body of the vehicle.

How a Torsion Bar Works???

A torsion bar works by resisting the torque placed on it. When one end of the torsion bar is affixed to an object that cannot be moved, the other end of the bar is twisted, thus causing torque to build up. When this happens, the torsion bar is resistant to the torque and will quickly go back to its starting position once the torque is removed. In general, the object that cannot be moved is usually a frame. If there is not any force applied to the torsion bar, it will stay at the same position until force is applied.

Suspension system
The job of a car suspension is to maximize the friction between the tires and the road surface, to provide steering stability with good handling and to ensure the comfort of the passengers. In this article, we'll explore how car suspensions work, how they've evolved over the years and where

Iqra Younas

2008-ME-105

ICE lab

the design of suspensions is headed in the future. If a road were perfectly flat, with no irregularities, suspensions wouldn't be necessary. But roads are far from flat. Even freshly paved highways have subtle imperfections that can interact with the wheels of a car. It's these imperfections that apply forces to the wheels. According to Newton's laws of motion, all forces have both magnitude and direction. A bump in the road causes the wheel to move up and down perpendicular to the road surface. The magnitude, of course, depends on whether the wheel is striking a giant bump or a tiny speck. Either way, the car wheel experiences a vertical acceleration as it passes over an imperfection. In QINGQI , there is no torsion bar and the suspension system. The driven body is attached with the motorcylce front wheel by chain mechanism. The differential gears are there to maintain its motion.

How noise can be controlled in 2- stroke engine ??

The Small engines are found in many applications, from yard tools such as chainsaws and trimmers, right up to those powering dirt bikes and snowmobiles. Many of these engines are two-stroke varieties known for producing a lot of noise. Aside from possible hearing damage, there may be legal restrictions on small engine decibel levels in your state. Depending on the type of small engine involved, there are a number of different aftermarket options that can muffle its noise.

Reactive Mufflers Absorptive Silencers Reactive/Absorptive Mufflers Tail Pipe Design Tuned Resonators

With these some important measures, the noise can be greatly reduced. If the exhaust pipe is missing the bike can never run prperly at all.