Ateneos Imperatives on good governance Ateneo School of governce defines good governance as the science of decition making and

the exercise of power and authority so that society is able to manage its development processes and resolve social conflict. Six Emperatives relevant to the basic understanding of good governance. 1 Rule of law and predictability of the regulatory environment.-This refers to the institutional processes of setting, interpreting, and implementing laws and other regulations. 2 Transparency and accountability-This refers to the existence of functioning mechanisms that make government rules, regulations, policies and decision making processes accessible and visible to the public. 3 Policy coherence-This achieved when the political leadership is committed, decision making is informed and a well defined strategic policy framework is in place. 4 Bureaucratic culture of honesty, integrity and efficiency.-This requires better systems, structures, and mechanisms that breed incorruptible political officials and civil servants, and promote ethical standards, practices, and value formation. 5 Organizational and technical capacity-this requires building an effective efficient bureaucracy that can respond to the changing demands of the environment, promote equity, and provide the public with excellent quality service. 6 Effective and functioning decentralization and devolution-the enactment of the local government code has made effective and functioning decentralization and devolution an imperative. Major issues in Governance 1. Planning and implementation of reorganization and reform programs. 2. Crafting of service vision-mission-goals to set institutional directions. 3. Defining service values, standards and principles as elements of service delivery systems. 4. Setting acceptable standards and expectations in steamlining the bureaucracy. 5. Promoting transparency and accountability toward reducing and eliminating graft and corruption in the bureaucracy.

6. Implementing reforms in auditing systems and procedures. 7. Developing, documenting and learning from good and best practices in the civil service. MIYAOI Prescriptions on Good Governance 1. Participation Participation of both men and woman is a key component of good Governance 2. Rule of Law-Good governance requires fair legal frameworks that are enforced w/ impartiality. 3. Transparency-Means that both decisions and their enforcement are achieved in a manner that follows rules and regulations. 4. Responsiveness-It is important that institutions and processes should try to serve all stakeholders within a reasonable time frame. 5. Consensus-Oriented-Good Governance requires mediation of the different interest in society to reach a broad consensus on what is in the best interest of the whole community and how this can be achieved. 6. Equity and Inclusiveness-Good Governance should build a society well being,that is to say, all members of society should fell that they are included into the mainstream of society. 7. Effectiveness/Efficiency-Effectiveness in this sense requires processes and institutions which produce results that meet the needs of society while making the best use of resources at their disposal. 8. Accountability-Accountability means that not only the governmental institutions but also the private sector and civil society organizations must be accountable to both public and the institutional stakeholders, particularly those who will be affected by their decisions and actions. Human Rights are the supreme, inherent and inalienable rights to life, to dignity and to self development. It is the essence of these rights that makes man human. Right to Development The 1986 UN Declaration on the right to development is an inalienable human right by virtue of each every human person and all peoples are entitled to participate in, contribute to and enjoy economic, social,

cultural and political development, in which all human rights and fundamental freedoms can be fully realized. Rights-Based Approach is a conceptual framework for the process of human development that is based on international human rights standards and directed to promoting and protecting human rights. Development from a Human Rights Perspective-Dvelopment should be assessed in terms of its success in improving the lot of members of society, particularly the most vulnerable and disadvantaged. A Human Rights Perspective identifies the root causes of poverty by providing a holistic picture of development issues. It brings gender to the forefront of development and sees development as an empowering process.

POLICY Liquidation-selling all of a companys assets, in parts for their tangible worth Liquidation is a recognition of defeat and consequently can be an emotionally difficult strategy. Michael Porters Five Generic Strategies Cost Leadership-Emphasizes producing standardized products at a very low per unit cost for consumers who are price sensitive.Two alternative types of cost leadership strategies can be defined Type 1-Low Cost strategy that offers product products or services to a wide range of customers at the lowest price available on the market Type 2 is the best value strategy that offers products or sevices to a wide range of customers at the best price value available on the market;the best value strategy aims to offer customers a range of products or services at the lowest price available compared to a rivals products with similar attributes. Type 3 generic strategy is differentiation. Differentation is a strategy aimed at producing products and services considered unique industrywide and directed at consumers who are relatively price-insensitive.

Focus means producing products and services that fulfill the needs of small groups of consumers. Two alternative types of focus strategies are Type 4 and Type 5. Type 4 is a low cost focus strategy that offers products or services to a small range of customers at the lowest price available on the market Type 5 is the best value focus strategy that offers product or services to a small range of customers at the best price value available on the market .Sometimes called focused differentiation, the best value strategy aims to offer a niche group of customers products or services that meet their taste and requirements better than rivals products do. Type 1 or type 2 cost leadership strategy can be especially effective under the following conditions. 1. When price competition among rivals sellers is especially vigorous. 2. When the products of rivals sellers are essentially identical and supplies are readily available from any of several eager sellers. 3. When there a few ways to achieve product differetation that have value to buyers. 4. When most buyers use the product in the same ways. 5. When buyers incur low costs in switching their purchases from one seller to another. 6. When buyers are large and have significant power to bargain down prices. 7. when industry newcomers use introductory low prices to attrack buyers and build a customer base.