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Flow in pipe - diameter, velocit , Re nolds number, Bernoulli equation, friction factor
Fluid flow mean velocit and pipe diameter for known flow rate
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Pressure drop Pipe diameter Compressible air flow Isothermal gas flow Natural gas flow LPG Control valve si ing Gas control valve si ing

Fluid flow theor

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Densit , viscosit , specific volum Flow in pipes Flow in valves and fittings Compressible gas flow

Velocit of fluid in pipe is not uniform across section area. Therefore a mean velocit is used and it is calculated b the continuit equation for the stead flow as:

Fluid properties tables

Water air flue gas steam densit , v Gas densit , viscosit , specific hea

Pipe properties tables

Dimension, weight, thickness of Pipe diameter can be calculated when volumetric flow rate and velocit is known as:

Pipe flow forum

Join pipe flow forum and post ou make m best to answer on it. fluid flow calculators, but also I will fluid flow problem. where is: D - internal pipe diameter; q - volumetric flow rate; cross section area. If mass flow rate is known than diameter can be calculated as: - velocit ; A - pipe

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he e i : D - i e a

i e dia e e ; w -

a e;

- f id de

i ; v - e ci .

Laminar and turbulent fluid flow regime in pipe, critical velocit

If he e ci f f id i ide he i e i a , ea i e i be i aigh a a e i e . A he e ci f f id i ide c i e be aigh a d a a e i h he i e a i e ci i eached he he ea i e i a e a d dde a hich hi cc i ca ed "c i ica e ci ". A e ci ie highe ha "c i ica ", he ea i e a e di e ed a a d h The egi e f f i ea i ,a d he e ci i e ha "c i ica " i ca ed a i a f he a he e ci i e a e . i b e .I b e f i a ( i c b e e if hich i ea i ef

). A a i a eg

Whe he e ci i g ea e ha "c i ica ", he egi e f f a e e he di ec i ai f . Ve ci cha ge i I he b e egi e f f b- a e . T de e i e f , he e i a a egi e e Re a hi d

egi e f f he e i i eg a ha i a i a . i gi a i a f . Tha a e

a e f f id a i e be ca c a .

Re nolds number, turbulent and laminar flow, pipe flow velocit and viscosit

The a e f f i i e, b he f O b e Re d , i de e di g he i e dia e e , he de i a d i c i f . Di e i e Re d be i ed, a d i c bi a i f he e f a iab e a d a be c ide ed be a hea e d e i c i . Re d be i :

he e i : D - i e a Thi e ai ca be

i e dia e e ; v - e ci ; ed i g Re d

- de

i ; - i e a ic i c

i ; - d a ic i c .

i ;

be a d f id f d b e be i e i he ec i

egi e ca c a

F i i e i c ide ed i "c i ica " e he e he f Whe ca c a i g Re ca c a ed a : Rh = c I a ce fac ie ec i f d

be a i a if Re ca be a i a be f

ha 2320, a d b e if he Re ce f cha ge a d i ai e i ae dia e e (f

d be edic ab e.

-ci c a c

i e h d a ic adi

d=4 R

a ea / e ed e i e e

a e, ec a g a , a ci c a c e , a i ge e a i hich ca be ed f ha be de e i ed e e i e a . Thi f

d i he f i g ihf ec i . Beca e f g ea a ie ff he f f a f id i i e ffe big ad a age . Tha e a i i D a ha a ide a ica i i he fie d f f id echa ic a d i ed e

Bernoulli equation - fluid flow head conservation

If f ic i e a e eg ec ed a d a d he e ci head i be c a Thi i he e e i f a e e g i added , f a i f f id e ai he f a e f ea i e. a i i g d i e , he ea a head, H, hich i a Be he ie

f head c

f f id i a c

i ea di

he e i : Z1,2 - e e a i

ab

e efe e ce e e ; p1,2 - ab e e a ca c a a e ca c a .

e hi

e; v1,2 - e ci ; 1,2 - de ie i e e ed a df

i ; g - acce e a i a e ca c a

fg a , Ve

Be i e ai e ai i ed i ca c a a d ifice a e i i g a d f

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Pipe flow and friction pressure drop, head energy loss Darcy formula
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From Bernoulli equation all other practical formulas are derived, with modifications due to energy losses and gains.

As in real piping system, losses of energy are existing and energy is being added to or taken from the fluid (using pumps an Bernoulli equation. For two points of one streamline in a fluid flow, equation may be written as follows:

where is: Z1,2 - elevation above reference level; p1,2 - absolute pressure; v1,2 - velocity; 1,2 - density; hL - head loss due to turbine head; g - acceleration of gravity; Flow in pipe is always creating energy loss due to friction. Energy loss can be measured like static pressure drop General equation for pressure drop, known as Darcy's formula expressed in meters of fluid is:

where is: hL - head loss due to friction in the pipe; f - friction coefficient; L - pipe length; v - velocity; D - internal pipe diameter To express this equation like pressure drop in newtons per square meter (Pascals) substitution of proper units leads to:

where is: p - pressure drop due to friction in the pipe; rate;

- density; f - friction coefficient; L - pipe length; v - velocity;

The Darcy equation can be used for both laminar and turbulent flow regime and for any liquid in a pipe. With some restr gases and vapors. Darcy formula applies when pipe diameter and fluid density is constant and the pipe is relatively straight. Above equations can be solved using pressure drop and flow rate calculator.

Friction factor for pipe roughness and Reynolds number in laminar and turbulent f

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Pipe Flow Software Ca c F & Pi e P e F ee T ia !

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Me e

Electronic FlowMeters She i ech.c /E ec icF L c a i-i ef e e f i id. N i a i e, ai e a ce

pipe tubing bi g a i a e -e ched
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-c ed, ha

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Flomotion S stems, Inc. f E ec ag e ic F Me e F M i

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Ph ica a e i Da c f aae e b i a d ca be ea i b ai ed he i e e ie a e i eD- i he f aei , e ci ca be ea i ca c a ed i g c i i e a i . The a e ha eed be de e a i a f egi e Re < 2000, f ic i fac ca be ca c a ed, b f b e f egi e he e i Re > 4000 e e i c i ica e, he e i Re d be be ee 2000 a d 4000, b h a i a a d b e f egi e igh cc , e i i f a i a f ,a d e i i ba ed b e f c di i . If he f i a i a a d Re d be i a e ha 2000, he f ic i fac a be de e i ed f he e ai :

he e i : f - f ic i Whe f i i e gh e ih ae i fac ha i

fac

; Re - Re

be ;

b e a d Re d be i highe ha 4000, he f ic i fac de e d i e ea i e gh e i he gh e f he i e a c a ed i e dia e e e/D. Si ce he i e a i e gh e i ac e dia e e i ha e highe e a i e gh e ha i e i h bigge dia e e a d he ef e i e ih e i h bigge dia e e f he a e a e ia . f ic i gh e fac . i Da c f ai he M d diag a . O M d diag a f ic i

M ide acce ed a d ed da a f a e f Re d be a d e a i e

The e ed i he f c i f i e a dia e e i h he fif h e . Wi h i e i e ice, he i e i f he i e a di i fe de a ea a ce f e ec ed dia e e cha ge . A gh e a be e ec ed i c ea e i h a e de e i ed b he i e a e ia a d a e f he f id. Whe he hic e f a i a e a i ca be ed: b a e (a i a b da a e ) i bigge ha he i e gh e e he f i ca ed f

he e i : f - f ic i The b da

fac

; Re - Re e

be ; he P a d e ai a :

a e hic

ca be ca c a ed ba ed

he e i : F b e

-b f

da

a e hic

;D-i e a ai

i e dia e e ; Re - Re ) ca be ed:

be ;

i h Re < 100 000 (P a d e

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For turbulent flow with Re > 100 000 (Karman equation) can be used:

where is: f - friction factor; Re - Re nolds number; D - internal pipe diameter; kr - pipe roughness; Above equations are used for pressure drop and flow rate calculator.

Static, d namic and total pressure, flow velocit and Mach number

Static pressure is pressure of fluid in flow stream. Total pressure is pressure of fluid when it is brought to rest, i.e. velocit is r

Total pressure can be calculated using Bernoulli theorem. Imagining that flow is in one point of stream line stopped without a written as:

If velocit at point 2 v2=0, pressure at point 2 is than total p2=pt:

where is: p - pressure; pt - total pressure; v - velocit ;

- densit ;

The difference between total and static pressure represents fluid kinetic energ and it is called d namic pressure. D namic pressure for liquids and incompressible flow where the densit is constant can be calculated as:

where is: p - pressure; pt - total pressure; pd - d namic pressure; v - velocit ;

- densit ;

If d namic pressure is measured using instruments like Prandtl probe or Pitot tube velocit can be calculated in one point of s

where is: p - pressure; pt - total pressure; pd - d namic pressure; v - velocit ;

- densit ;

For gases and larger Mach numbers than 0.1 effects of compressibilit are not negligible.

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ib e f

ca c a i

ga

aee

ai

ca be

ed. F

idea ga e , e ci f

Mach

be M < 1 i ca c

he e i : M - Mach I h d be aid ha f

be M=v/c - e a i M > 0.7 gi e e a h c

be ee ai i

ca f id a d a cc . E

ca

d e ci ; - i e

ic c efficie ;

acc a e. ai f e ci i f f he a e i gi e be :

If Mach

be M > 1, ha

a e i

he e i : p Ab ee ai

e; pti ae ed f ad c

e; v - e ci ; M - Mach be a d Pi f gi e e be f ai

be ; - i e e ci ca c a .

ic c efficie ;

Pa d

N e: Y

ca d

e e de i a i

Fluid flo
The f

rate for the thermal - heat po er transfer, boiler po er and temperatur

i ed f he he a e e g - hea e a fe ca be ca c a ed a :

a e f f id e

he e i : q-f a e [ 3/h]; - de i f f id [ g/ 3]; c ecific hea f f id [ J/ gK]; T - e ea e diffe e ce [K]; P e [

Thi e a i ca be ed ca c a e e i ed f a e f, f i ab e e a i i he cha ge f e e a e f f id i f f eci e ca c a i . Ab ee e i i ed a d ca be ed i g ca c a

e a e, a e hea ed i he b i e , if he e fb ie i a d af e he b i e . I h d be aid ha efficie c c efficie f he a e e g , hea e a df a e ca c a i

Flow in pipes
Mea e ci a d i e dia e e La i a a d Re Be F ic i f a F ic i d ie e fac b e be ai ed - Da c f

Flow in valves and fittings

Re i a ce c efficie C F ac i K

Compressible gas flow

C e he ib e f a c f f ae e i i e ib e ga

Fluid ph sical properties

De i e

a d e a ge e C

I f

S ecific aea d ea S ecific g a i De i

c efficie

F a hi g a d ca i a i Ch c ed f Ve i, ea d ifice

Ma i e ci F

f f id e ab e

Pa ia D a ic

e i

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Static, dynamic and total pressure Heat power transfer

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Kinematic viscosity Pressure

Flow discharge Gas pressure regulator capacity Natural gas control valve

home download privacy terms links contact forum site map Copyright: www.pipeflowcalculations.com. All rights reserved. Pipe Flow Calculation Pipe Pressure Drop Calculation

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