GreatEastJapanEarthquake

(GLIDE:EQ2011000028JPN) Updateondamageandrecovery(2nd report) April6,2011 AsianDisasterReductionCenterADRC) InternationalRecoveryPlatform(IRP)

Update
It has been nearly four weeks since the Great Eastern Japan Earthquake (official name of the March 11 earthquake and tsunami) devastated numerous small towns and communities along the Pacific coast of northeastern Japan. Record, as of April 4, shows 12,344 people dead and 15,237 people missing. These figures may still change in the next few days. About 163 thousand displaced people, staying at the evacuation centers, are still under harsh living conditions Some of them are temporarily moving to less disaster affected conditions. disasteraffected areas. Recovery and rebuilding in disasteraffected areas has been progressing. In Rikuzen Takata city of Iwate Prefecture, 36 temporary housing units were completed on March 31 since it first started on March 19 Currently about 4 000 temporary housing units are 19. Currently, 4,000 being constructed, which is much lesser than required number. The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) has been cooperating with disaster affected prefectures and housing companies to further provide the necessary temporary housing units to the displaced people. Massiveamountsofdebrisarestillblockingtheroadsinaffectedareas,hamperingthe g p g deliveryofassistancetosomeevacuationcenters.Removalorcleanupofdebrisremains animminentissue. Governmentatdifferentatlevelshasstartedpreparingappropriatemeasuresforfullscale recoveryandrebuilding,includingthefirstsupplementarybudgetproposalandbillstobe submittedtotheDiet(Parliament)shortly.

ProfileoftheGreatEasternJapanEarthquake
DateandTime: 11March2011at14:46JST(5:46GMT)
Areasaffectedbythequake

Typeofearthquake: T f th k Plateboundarythrustfaultingearthquakeonor neartheJapanTrenchsubductionzone Hypocenter: 130kmoffthePacificcoastofTohokuregion (38 N,142 E),24kmdepth (38N 142E ) 24km depth Magnitude: 9.0(interimvalue,thelargestinJapanandthe 9.0 (interim value, the largest in Japan and the 4thlargestintheworld) c.f.1960ChileEarthquakeM9.5 1964AlaskaEarthquakeM9.2 q 2004SumatraEarthquakeM9.2 Damage: Thedestructionofsocialinfrastructure,housing andcorporatefacilitiesisestimatedtocost between16and25trillionyen(CabinetOffice)

Source:OCHASituationReportNo.1

ProfileoftheGreatEasternJapanEarthquake
TheareashitbytheGreatEasternJapan Earthquakeareknowntobevulnerableto tsunami,astheywererecurrentlyhitbytsunami. Largeoffshoreearthquakesoccurredinthe samesubduction zonein1611,1896,and1933. Eachofearthquakecauseddevastatingtsunami onthecoast. Largeinterplateearthquakeshadbeen predictedtooccurinthisregionwith99% di d i hi i i h 99% probabilitywithinthirtyyearsandthe magnitudesrangingfromM7.5toM8.0. TheMarch11earthquakewasmuchbiggerthan predicted,recodingM9.0andtherupturezone stretched500kmlengthand200kmwidth.Itis stretched 500 km length and 200 km width It is the4th strongesteverrecordedinhistoryaround theworld.Someexpertssaythattheoccurrence ofthiskindofearthquakeandtsunamiisbyone of this kind of earthquake and tsunami is by one thousandreturnperiod.
Source:USGS

Source:TheHeadquartersofEarthquakeResearchPromotion

Casualties
byPrefecture(asofApril5)

Thenumberofcasualtiescontinuestorise.TheGovernmenthasconfirmed 12,344peoplehavedied.Ithasalreadyexceededthatofthe1995GreatHanshin Awaji(Kobe)Earthquake.Thenumberofpeoplewhoaremissingcoversonly Awaji (Kobe) Earthquake. The number of people who are missing covers only thosewhohavebeenreportedtothepolicebytheirfamiliesoracquaintances. However,itislikelythattherearestillthousandsofpeoplemissinginmost severelyaffectedareas,suchasMinamiSanriku town(seenextslide),thatare severely affected areas such as Minami Sanriku town (see next slide) that are notyetcounted.Thenumberofevacueesoncetopped300thousand,butithas beendecreasingasthesituationstabilizedandservicesandutilitiesandservices graduallyrestored. d ll t d
Asof17:00April5 2011

Prefecture Iwate Miyagi Fukushima Others Total

Killed 3,615 7,530 1,139 60 12,344

Missing 4,444 6,312 4,477 4 15,237

Evacuees 49,020 63,901 26,495 24,191 163,607

Source:TheEmergencyDisasterResponseHeadquarters

Casualtiesinmajorcitiesandtowns
asofApril1
CityorTown City or Town Dead
Missing

Evacuee

Population

Miyakocity IWATE Yamadatown Otsuchi town Kamaishi city Ofunato city MIYAGI Rikuzentakata city Kesennuma city Minamisanriku town Onagawa town FUKUSHIMA Ishinomaki city HigashiMatsushimacity Sendaicity Sendai city Natori city IBARAKI Iwanuma city

363 456 531 655 274 1,032 600 360 318 2,341 775 400 744 149

1301 n.a. 1,066 640 237 1,278 1,471 n.a. 851 2,698 n.a. n.a. 1,000 141

5,301 4,347 4,533 6,203 6,290 6 290 13,474 12,656 9,390 2,530 20,074 7,184 4,197 1,781 695

65,682 21,180 17,468 44,632 43,847 43 847 26,018 79,675 19,105 11,073 171,107 43,785
1,001,804 , ,

68,343 43,602

TOKYO

CHIBA

Source:BasedonMainichiNewspaper Note:Itdoesnotcoverallcitiesandtowns. PopulationasofApril1,2010

Ofunato March14
IWATE

MIYAGI

Rikuzen takata March14

FUKUSHIMA

Rikuzen takata March12

IBARAKI TOKYO TOKYO CHIBA Source: AsiaAirSurveyCo.,Ltd.

Kesennuma March12
IWATE

MIYAGI

Minami Minami Sanriku March14

FUKUSHIMA

Onagawa March 13
IBARAKI

TOKYO

CHIBA

Source: AsiaAirSurveyCo.,Ltd.

MinamiSanriku town
Inundation2kminlandfrom thesea Inundation2km inlandfrom the sea Disastermanagementcenter

Shizugawa elementaryschool onahillusedasanevacuationcenter

Thetownhasdisappeared pp

Evacuationbuilding4 storieshigh

Floodgatewasclosed

DestroyedSeawalls

Towardtownoffice

Onagawa town g
MunicipalHospitalEvacuationCenter

Downtownareasneartheport Downtown areas near the port

ResidentialArea

Ishinomaki March12
IWATE

MIYAGI

Sendai March13
FUKUSHIMA

Natori March13
IBARAKI

TOKYO

CHIBA

Source: AsiaAirSurveyCo.,Ltd.

Factoriesdestroyedbyfire

Ishinomaki City

Mostofurbanarea wasinundated exceptforhillyarea

Hilly Area

Hilly Area

Ishinomaki municipalhospital

Urbanareaisfacingthesea

Housesonahill

Housesdestroyedbyfire

Housesdestroyedbytsunami

Okada,WakabayashiwardofSendaiCity
InundatedArea

Okadaelementaryschool Evacuationcenter

Stillinundated

SearchActivities

Waterlevelcouldbe1.5mhigh

WakabayashiwardofSendaiCity

InundatedArea SearchActivities

Housesdisappeared pp

Arahama elementaryschool 4storybuilding Windbreakforestsweptaway

(Source: Sendaicitygovernment) (Source: Sendaicitygovernment)

Damagetoeconomicbase
Mostprefectures,severelyhitbythetsunami,depend largelyonagricultureandmarineproductindustries. Thesekeyindustrieswerebadlydamaged,and rebuildingtheseindustrialbasesisofsupreme importanceforlocaleconomyandjobsecurity.

Prefecture Fishingboats Fishingports Aomori Iwate Miyagi Fukushima Ibaraki Chiba

TOKYO CHIBA

Fields (10,000) 79/19,680 1,838/15,649 15,002/35,777 15 002/35 777 5,923/29,461 531/21,679 227/4,0826

546/6,990 n.a/10,522 n.a./9.717 n a /9 717 896/1,068 249/1,215 335/5,640

17/92 n.a./111 n.a./142 n a /142 n.a./10 15/24 10/69

Source:YomiuriNewspaper Note:Estimateofdamage/total N t E ti t f d /t t l doesnotcoveralldisasteraffectedprefectures.

EvacuationCenter
Morethan160thousanddisplacedpeoplearestayingatevacuationcenterssuch More than 160 thousand displaced people are staying at evacuation centers such ascommunitycenters,schools,andsportsstadiums(photobelowleft).Thisfigure doesnotcoverthosewhoarestayingattheirhomes,incars,orelsewhereunder harshconditions.Sinceprovisionoftemporaryshelterswilltakemanymonthsand h h f h l ll k h hygienicconditionsattheevacuationcenterscontinuetodeteriorate,local authoritiessuchasMinamiSanriku townhavestartedtotemporarilyrelocate someevacueestootherplaceswithbetterconditionssuchashotelsandpublic apartmentsinlessdisasteraffectedareas.
EvacuationcenteratShizukawa primary Evacuation center at Shizukawa primary schoolinMinamiSanriku town
Kurihara city Osaki city 560 Kami 30 town 250 Tome Tome city 210 MaiamiSanriku

Sendaicity

Source:basedonNIKKEINewspaper

Shelter
On March 14, MLIT requested the Japan Federation of Housing Organizations to construct 30,000 temporary housing units in two months. The construction started in Rikuzentakata, Iwate Prefecture on March 19 followed by other cities and towns. As of April 5, about 4,216 temporary housing units were being constructed in 43 sites. Considering high demand, the prefectures have increased the number of required temporary housing units. In this regard, MLIT has requested housing companies to construct another 30,000 units in addition to the 30,000 units requested in March.

Typicaldesignoftemporary yp g p y housing.Sizeisabout30 comprisingrooms,akitchenette, atoilet,andabath.Averagecost foroneunitis2millionJPY. Usageisoriginallyplannedfor twoyears,butmaybeextended foronemoreyear.

Source:YomiuriOnline,JapanPrefabricatedConstructionSuppliers&Manufactures

Debris
The tsunami caused huge amount of debris from collapsed structures washed structures, away cars, boats, and other materials that have been scattered everywhere in tsunamihit areas. Debris are still blocking the roads and streets. It has been reported th t i Mi i P f t t d that in Miyagi Prefecture alone, th estimated amount of d b i i l the ti t d t f debris is between 15 and 18 million tons equivalent to 23 years of waste in usual situation. Moreover, there is a growing concern that debris might cause harmful effects to peoples health and environment as the temperature starts rising and rainy season is coming in June. Cleanupanddisposalofdebrisiscomplicatedbecauseithastoconsidermany differentthingssuchascars,boats,toxicwaste,anditemsofpersonalvalue.
Ishinomaki city Higashi Matsushimacity HigashiMatsushima city Minami Sanriku MinamiSanriku town

Otherinitiativesofgovernment
Thegovernmentisnowpreparingsomebills,whichproposevariouspolicy measuresandnecessarymechanismforfullfledgedrecoveryandreconstruction, tobesubmittedtotheDiet(Parliament).Theproposalincludesestablishingnew to be submitted to the Diet (Parliament). The proposal includes establishing new institutionstoberesponsibleforrecoveryandreconstruction. Likewise,thegovernmentisalsopreparingasupplementarybudgetproposal Likewise the government is also preparing a supplementary budget proposal fordeliberationtotheDiet(Parliament),whichisreportedtobemorethan3 trillionJPY. Itisalsoreportedthatthegovernmentisexaminingaplantorelocate residentsoftsunamihitareastohighergroundandbuildnewcommunities,and buyingupareastotallydevastatedbytsunami asthesearenotappropriateto rebuildcommunities. Tohelplocaleconomypickup,thegovernmentisconsideringaplanthatgives preferencetolocalbusinessesfromdisasterhitareasinhandingoutrestoration p g g y p y contractsinthefirstphaseofgovernmentemergencyemploymentassistance program,asthishelpspeopleaffectedbytheMarch11earthquakeandtsunami.

Whatworkedandwhatdidnotwork
PacificSeacoastareasofIwatePrefectureandthenorthernpartofMiyagiPrefecture (SanrikuCoast)areknowntobevulnerabletsunamiastheyhadbeendevastatedby recurrenttsunamicausedby1896MeijiSanrikuearthquake,1933ShowaSanriku earthquake,and1960Chileearthquake. Variousmeasures,bothstructuralandnonstructural,hadbeentakeninthoseareasto protectpeopleandcommunitiesfromtsunami.Themostnotablewastheconstructionof 10mhighand2.5kmlongdykesinTaroareaofMiyakocity,oftencalledastheGreatWall, andtheworldbiggestbreakwater(8meterhighaboveseawhichis63meterdeep)in Kamaishi city.Thestructuralmeasuresmusthavereducedtheimpactoftsunami,butwere foundtobeinsufficienttoprotectpeopleslivesthistime. f d t b i ffi i t t t t l li thi ti
MajorearthquakeandtsunamithataffectedSanrikuCoast earthquake MeijiSanriku ShowaSanriku Chile date June15 1896 March3 1933 May22 1960 Magnitude M8.2 M8.1 M9.5 M95 People diedor Maximumheight missing oftsunami 21,959(Only 38.2 OffIwate peopledied) people died) (Ofunatocity) (Ofunato city) 29.3 OffIwate 3,064 (Ofunatocity) OffChileinSouth 5.6 142 America (Miyakocity) epicenter

Source: YomiuriNewspaper

Implicationstotsunamipreparedness
Thisthreestorybuilding(leftbelow)wasthedisastermanagementcenteroftheMinami sanrikutownwhichwasalsodesignedtofunctionasatsunamievacuationbuilding.Atthe timeoftsunami,aboutthirtymunicipalofficialsevacuatedtotherooftopbutonlytenof time of tsunami about thirty municipal officials evacuated to the rooftop but only ten of themsurvived.Ayoungfemaleofficialwhokeptdeliveringevacuationmessagetothe villagersuntilthelastmomenthasnotbeenfoundyet. AhilljustbehindtheOnagawaport(rightbelow)wasdesignatedasaevacuationarea.On A hill just behind the Onagawa port (right below) was designated as a evacuation area On topofthishill,tracesofwaterwerefoundinsidethehospitalbuildingindicatingthat tsunamihadreachedthetopwhichisnearly16metershigh. Designatedevacuationroute

Implicationstotsunamipreparedness
AtShizugawahospital(leftbelow)locatednearthecoast(some200meters),therewere tracesindicatingthattsunamihadreachedthe5th floor,andpeopleattherooftopdeck managedtosavetheirlives.Thisapartmentbuilding(rightbelow),situatednearthe g p g( g ), seashore,wasdesignatedastsunamievacuationbuildingandevacuationsignsare indicated.Inthisapartment,thereweretracesthattsunamireachedthe4th floor.Itwas generallybelievedthatthreestoryRCbuildingscouldbedesignatedasevacuation buildings,butthesehavebeenfoundtobeinsufficient.Media(YomiuriNewspaper) reportedthattsunamiwavesreachedalmostonetenth(123outof959)ofthedesignated evacuationsites/centersinbothIwateandMiyagiPrefectures. Signsofevacuationbuildings

Implicationstotsunamipreparedness
Nonstructuralmeasurescomplementstructuralmeasures.Mediahasreportedthat measuressuchasthepredisastereducationandlessonslearnedfromthepastdisasters helpedpeopleescapefromtsunamiasindicatedinthefollowingcases:Thepredisaster education,whichhadbeenconductedbeforethetsunami,guidedthepupilsatprimary andjuniorhighschoolsinIshinomakicity(oneofthecitiescompletelywashedaway)to successfullyescapefromtsunami.MizuhamaareainIshinomaki city,totalof380residents andabout130households,wascompletelydestructedbytsunami.However,onlyone persondiedandeightpeoplereportedmissing.Ithasbeenrevealedthatpeoples awarenessofwhattodoattheeventofanearthquakeandregularconductof exercises/drillshadhelpedthem. /

Source: Kamaichicity

ADRCandIRPwillcontinuetoworkonthisdisasterandkeepupdatingthe p p g information.Forinquiresandcomments,pleasecontact: Mr.AtsushiKoresawa,AsianDisasterReductionCenter(ADRC) Mr Atsushi Koresawa Asian Disaster Reduction Center (ADRC) +81(0)782625540,akkoresawa@adrc.asia Dr.YasuoKawawaki,InternationalRecoveryPlatform(IRP) Dr Yasuo Kawawaki International Recovery Platform (IRP) +81(0)782626041,kawawaki@recoveryplatform.org