LAB REPORT

CEW421 FLUIDS AND HYDRAULICS LABORATORY EC221 UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA PULAU PINANG

TABLE OF CONTENTS No. ITEMS Page

1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Objective 1.2 Equipment 1.3 Theory / Examples 2. PROCEDURE

3.0 RESULTS & ANALYSIS 4.0 DISCUSSION

5.0 CONCLUSION

REFERENCES & APPENDICES

SCL

Font ARIAL ( 12 ) Spacing 1.5

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CEW421 FLUIDS AND HYDRAULICS LABORATORY EC221 UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA PULAU PINANG

1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Objective Introduction Pumps provide energy to the fluids, and for their correct application need to understand the operational characteristics following the curves of each pump. It is also needed to know how these pumps are used in order to satisfy the needs of the total head (H) and the flow rate (Q).

Objective: 1. Understand the operational characteristics of the centrifugal pumps. 2. Obtain the characteristic curves of the centrifugal pump. 3. Prove the operational characteristics of two pumps that are working in series or parallel. 4. Obtain conclusions and make recommendations about the behavior of the pumps operating at different velocities, this is, construct the curves for the different velocities. 5. Design and conduct the experiment, by analyzing the experimental information. 6. Determine the variables that are needed to measure in order to predict the performance of the equipment.

1.2 Equipment

Apparatus/Equipment:Pump Test Rig

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CEW421 FLUIDS AND HYDRAULICS LABORATORY EC221 UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA PULAU PINANG

1.3 Theory / Examples

In the centrifugal pumps the fluid enters axially through the eye of the casing, is caught up in the impeller blades, and is whirled tangentially and radially outward until it leaves through all circumferential parts of the impeller into the diffuser part of the casing. The fluid gains both velocity and pressure when it goes through the impeller. One part of the casing (the doughnut shaped diffuser, or scroll) opposes the acceleration of the fluid increasing more the pressure. The impeller blades are usually backward curved, but there are also radial and forward curved blade designs, which slightly change the output pressure. The blades may be open or closed. The diffuser may be vaneless or fitted with fixed vanes to help guide the flow toward the exit.

The operational characteristics of the pump can be obtain by drawing the curves of the head (H), power (P) and efficiency of the pump taking as an independent variable the flow rate (Q); for a number of constant velocities N. It is important to notice that the efficiency takes a maximum value and then suffers a reduction; the ideal condition of the operation is achieved when the total head (H) and flow rate (Q) have the same value as the maximum efficiency. This point is known as the operating point.

An example of a centrifugal pump and its operational characteristics is shown in the next figure:

Example of a centrifugal pump and its operational characteristics

When we are working with centrifugal pumps sometimes we can need a bigger total head (H) or flow rate (Q) than the one that we can achieved by using only one pump. In consequence, the pumps can be connected in series to obtain an increment in the total head
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LAB REPORT

CEW421 FLUIDS AND HYDRAULICS LABORATORY EC221 UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA PULAU PINANG

(H) or they can be connected in parallel to increase the flow rate (Q).

When two pumps work in series, the total head is calculated by adding the total head (H) of each pump working by itself with the same flow rate (Q). If the pumps are connected in parallel the curve H vs. Q can be obtain by adding the flow rates (Q) of each pump operating itself with the same total head (H).

Example of two pumps connected in series and parallel

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CEW421 FLUIDS AND HYDRAULICS LABORATORY EC221 UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA PULAU PINANG

2.0 PROCEDURE

3.0 RESULTS & ANLYSIS

Procedure: Series 1) The control valve is been opened : V1,V3,V4 2) The control valve will be closed:V2,V5 3) The control valve will be opened fully : V6 4) The main switch will be powered on. 5) Pump of 1 & 2 will be switch on both the operation pump switch. 6) The pump rotation will be adjusted until rotation speed reach 1700 rpm. 7) Let the pumps run for while,et the water flow circulate in the pipeline system.Until all the bubbles have dispersed 8) Wait and monitor the flowrate and pressure reading are stable,then only start record the experiment reading

Parallel 1) The control valve is been opened : V1,V2,V4,V5 2) The control valve will be closed:V3 3) The control valve will be opened fully : V6 4) The main switch will be powered on. 5) Pump of 1 & 2 will be switch on both the operation pump switch. 6) The pump rotation will be adjusted until rotation speed reach 1700 rpm. 7) Let the pumps run for while,et the water flow circulate in the pipeline system.Until all the bubbles have dispersed 8) Wait and monitor the flowrate and pressure reading are stable,then only start record the experiment reading

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LAB REPORT

CEW421 FLUIDS AND HYDRAULICS LABORATORY EC221 UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA PULAU PINANG

4.DISSCUSSION 5. CONCLUSION

Result Series flowrate LPM M3/S Inverter/rpm BHP/watt P1 P2 h P(pa)

100

27.78

1490

253

1.406

13,789.514

120

33.33

2011

501

12

4.217

41,368.542

140

38.88

2462

833

19

6.676

65500.19

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CEW421 FLUIDS AND HYDRAULICS LABORATORY EC221 UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA PULAU PINANG

Parallel flowrate LPM M3/S Inverter/rpm BHP/watt P1 P2 h P(pa)

100

27.78

1285

169

0.712

6894.757

120

33.33

1795

316

10

4.568

44815.92

140

38.88

2207

510

10

16

9.136

89631.84

Discussion From the experiment we already plotting a graph for graph 1:head loss we already know plotting curve for series directly proportional of limit while for parallel we already get the plotting inversely propotional. this is happen because the value of head loss is different. Compare to the series,the value of power parallel is more high from series. Pump can be combined in series to obtain an increase in head at the same flowrate as the single pump.For parallel pump,when two-pump having similar head flowrate characteristic are operated in parallel the combined pump-head-flowrate curve is obtained by adding flowrates of the singles pumps at the same head.

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CEW421 FLUIDS AND HYDRAULICS LABORATORY EC221 UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA PULAU PINANG

Conclusion from the experiment we can conclude that pump of parallel which have high value of head loss compare to the series,which it have a low efficiency.In other aspect we can obtain that the value for BHP(watt),series obtain higher than series,which it consume of high using of power, in environmental condition that is not good to practice in life.

6.0 REFERENCES & APPENDICES

References

1) Fluid mechanics and hydraulics(laboratory manual),Norashikin Ahmad Kamal, Hamidon Ahmad,Wardah Tahir, University Publication Centre,2011. 2) Fluid mechanics and hydraulics,third edition, Ranald V. Giles, Jack B. Evett, Cheng Liu Mc Graw Hill,1994 3) 1000 solved problems in fluid mechanics (includes hydraulic machines), K. Subramanya, Tata McGraw-Hill Education,2005. 4) http://staff.fit.ac.cy/eng.fm/classes/amee202/Fluids%20Lab%20Friction%20losses.pd

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CEW421 FLUIDS AND HYDRAULICS LABORATORY EC221 UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA PULAU PINANG

APPENDIX 1)PREESURE READING

2)EXPERIMENT DURING PROCESS

3)PUMP IS RUNNING ON

4)TAKING FLOWRATE READING AND SPEED

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STUDENT CENTERED LEARNING ACTIVITIES

briefly explain the differences between series and parallel pump and the purposes for each pump and the purposes for each pump in real engineering application PUMP (SERIES) PUMP (PARALLEL)

Pumps in Serial - Heads Added

Pumps in Parallel - Flow Rate Added

When two (or more) pumps are arranged in serial, their resulting pump performance curve is obtained by adding their heads at same flow rate as indicated in the figure below. Centrifugal pump in series are used to overcome larger system head loss than one pump can handle alone. For two identical pumps in series the head will be twice the head of a single pump at the same flow rate. With constant flowrate the combined head moves from 1 to 2. In practice the combined head and flow rated moved along the system curve to 3. If one of the pumps stops, the operation point moves allong the

When two or more pumps are arranged in parallel their resulting performance curve is obtained by adding their flowrates at the same head as indicated in the figure below.

Centrifugal pumps in parallel are used to overcome larger volume flows than one pump can handle alone. For two identical pumps in parallel the flowrate will double (moving from 1 to 2) compared to a single pump if head is kept constant. In practice the combined head and volume flow moves along the system curve as indicated from 1 to 3. If one of the pumps in parallel or series stops, the operation point moves along the system resistance curve from point 3
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CEW421 FLUIDS AND HYDRAULICS LABORATORY EC221 UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA PULAU PINANG

system resistance curve from point 1 to point 2 - head and flow rate are decreased. Series operation of single stage pumps is seldom encountered more often multistage centrifugal pumps are use. Uses PART WASHER is a piece of equipment used to remove contaminants or debris, such as dirt, grime, carbon, oil, grease, metal chips, cutting fluids, mold release agents, ink, paint, and corrosion from workpieces.] Parts washers are one of the last steps in the parts manufacturing process; they are designed to clean, degrease and dry bulk loads of small or large parts in preparation for surface treatment, packaging and distribution. Newly machined, molded and fabricated products are coated in oils, chemicals, burrs, abrasive dust, paint and other residue left over from the fabrication process of metal, plastic and rubber components, and finishing coatings are not effective if they are applied on a dirty surface. Parts cleaners may be as simple as a stand-alone basket immersion washer, or they may be as complex

to point 1 - the head and flow rate are decreased.

Uses MULTISTAGE CENTRIFUGAL PUMP centrifugal pump containing two or more impellers is called a multistage centrifugal pump. The impellers may be mounted on the same shaft or on different shafts. If we need higher pressure at the outlet we can connect impellers in series. If we need a higher flow output we can connect impellers in parallel. All energy added to the fluid comes from the power of the electric or other motor force driving the impeller.

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CEW421 FLUIDS AND HYDRAULICS LABORATORY EC221 UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA PULAU PINANG

as a five-step deburring, aqueous tumbling, rinsing, drying and paint coating machine. Parts washers are essential in maintenance, repair and remanufacturing operations as well, from cleaning fasteners, nuts, bolts and screws to engine parts and automotive assemblies.

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