Professional Documents
Culture Documents
December-05-08
8:44 AM
Definition: A government policy designed to lessen the effects of the business cycle.
Goal: Is to keep the economy as close as possible to its potential output. Natural unemployment exists -
inflation is restrained
Two Categories:
- Expansionary policies
- Contractionary policies
Expansionary Policies
Contractionary Policies
Fiscal Policy
- "Fiscal" - budgetary
- Definition: Government stabilization policy that uses taxes and government purchases as its tools:
budgetary policy
- Governments have an extensive impact on the economy through taxation and government purchases.
The government's annual budget sets out what the government will tax and spend.
- The budget becomes an instrument of stabilization policy
- Fiscal Year: the 1-month period to which a budget applies
- Is when the government takes deliberate actions through legislation to alter spending or taxation
policies in order to influence the level of spending and employment
- Discretionary fiscal policy occurs when the federal government takes on an active role in the economy
by increasing or decreasing government spending or tax policy.
- Non-discretionary fiscal policy is active accounts or stabilizers that are set up to operate even when the
government does not takes on an active role in the economy.
Examples of Stabilizers:
a) Income Tax:
a. The Canadian income tax system is a progressive system, meaning as incomes increase people pay
a higher total tax and also a higher tax rate. So in a boom as incomes go up the government
automatically collects more taxes from its people.
b. As incomes decrease people pay a lower total tax rate and also a lower tax rate. So in a recession
as incomes go down the government automatically collects fewer taxes from its people, giving
them more to spend.
b) Social Security Payments (welfare):
a. During a recession as people lose their jobs and become unable to find work. The can collect
welfare, so that they still have money to live with.
b. During a boom when people start to find work they are automatically cut off of welfare. They have
less money to spend.
c) Price Support Programs:
a. This is a program implemented by the federal government of Canada that is used to give farmers
aid. When farm output starts to receive a lower price. The government will use some artificial
means (grants) of increase the price farmers receive. These way farmers receive enough money to
continue their operations. They do not go out of business. When there are booms and farm
product prices go up, the price programs do not work.