DNVs Hull Structure course for World Wide Shipping

8 - Hull Structure cargo area Deck

Hull Structural Breakdown Deck

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

3.

Deck

Side Bottom Deck Transverse bulkhead Longitudinal bulkhead Web frames

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Structural functions of deck

Flange in hull girder

3.

Deck

- Deck plating and longitudinals act as the upper flange in the hull girder beam

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Structural build up of deck single skin tanker

Deck plating w/longitudinals Transverse deck girder / Web frame Deck CL girder

3.

Deck

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Longitudinal stresses in deck

Longitudinal stresses from bending of hull girder is maximum at midship

3.

Deck

Midship area most susceptible to fatigue cracking and buckling

Bending moment

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Characteristic damages

3.

Deck

1. Cracks in deck longitudinals 2. Crack in deck plating 3. Corrosion of deckhead 4. Buckling of deck

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Cracking in deck longitudinals

3.

Deck

Deck longitudinal connection to web frames

Deck longitudinal connection to transverse bulkhead

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Cause for cracking in deck longitudinals

The wave induced excitation of the hull girder leads to dynamic axial stress in the deck longitudinals
+ _ + _

3.

Deck

The cyclic variation of axial stress may lead to fatigue cracks initiating at hot spots
A loaded condition will normally induce compression stress in the deck (sagging) A ballast condition will normally induce tension stress in the deck (hogging) Slide 8 16.03.2004

Cracks in deck longitudinals

3.

Deck

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- May result in oil spill on deck - Corrosion is highly influencing the fatigue life of a detail - A crack could develop further in the deck plating (brittle fracture)
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Cracking in deck longitudinals

Oil Tanker 135,000 DWT built 1991 Crack main deck plating

3.

Deck

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Crack in underdeck support for hose handling crane (P/S, midship area)

Characteristic damages

3.

Deck

1. Cracks in deck longitudinals 2. Crack in deck plating 3. Corrosion of deckhead 4. Buckling of deck

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Openings in deck

3.

Deck

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Longitudinal stress-flow around manhole in deck

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Increased stress level around openings in deck!

Example: crack in scallop in deck longitudinal

Oil Tanker 123,000 DWT built 2000 Crack main deck plating (after 3 years)

3.

Deck

Slide 13 Scallop in deck16.03.2004 longitudinal is close to access opening in deck. This will give an additional accumulated stress in the longitudinal, which is believed to be the cause for the damage.

Crack in deck plating

Tanker for Oil 99328 DWT built 1996 Crack in deck plating

3.

Deck

Crack in deck plating at hose saddle support (midship area)

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Characteristic damages

3.

Deck

1. Cracks in deck longitudinals 2. Crack in deck plating 3. Corrosion of deckhead 4. Buckling of deck

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Corrosion of deckhead

3.

Deck

The ullage space (deckhead) is an area susceptible to general corrosion

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Corrosion of deckhead

3.

Deck

A reduction of the deck transverse sectional area due to general corrosion will lead to an increased stress level in deck Higher stress
L
Longitudinal stress Force level in deck

F L = A
Area

n.a.

L
Longitudinal stress distribution Long. stress distribution (with reduced deck sectional area)

Reduced sectional area in deck may lead to plate buckling

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Corrosion of deckhead

3.

Deck

Higher stress level in deck due to general corrosion

Longitudinal stress

Force

F L = A
Area

A reduction of the deck transverse sectional area due to general corrosion will lead to an increased stress level in deck may lead to buckling problems
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Corrosion of deckhead

3.

Deck

Flatbars have poor buckling capacity

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L-profiles have good buckling capacity

Characteristic damages

3.

Deck

1. Cracks in deck longitudinals 2. Crack in deck plating 3. Corrosion of deckhead 4. Buckling of deck

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Buckling in deck
Buckling in deck is most likely to occur in the midship region where the hull girder bending moment is at its maximum

3.

Deck

Buckling of a plate field (plating with stiffeners)

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Cause for buckling in deck

3.

Deck

Buckling in deck is a result of in plane compression forces in excess of the buckling capacity of the deck plate field Such a situation may occur if the transverse section of the deck is reduced due to general corrosion and the vessel is in a fully loaded (sagging) condition

Buckling of complete plate field

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The deck buckling may take the form of one plate between two deck longitudinals or in worst case a complete plate field (both deck plating with stiffeners)

Corrosion of deckhead / buckling:

3.

Deck

- heavy corrosion of deck may lead to buckling - small buckles (plate between stiffeners) is a strong warning sign that longitudinal stresses are high - large buckles (plate field) may lead to loss of global strength and in worst case a total collapse of the hull girder

Remember max 10% diminution of deck transverse sectional area!

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3.

Deck

Questions ?

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