Date: Class: Time: Number of students: Subject: Topic: Key Concepts: Prior Knowledge:

13 February 2008 Form Four Bestari 11.00 11.40 (40 minutes) 30 Additional Mathematics Quadratic Equations The nature of roots Students have already learnt the factorization of quadratic expressions and the solving of quadratic equations by using the given formula At the end of the lesson, students will be able to: (i) calculate the value of the discriminant (ii) identify the type of the roots (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) i) ii) Power Point slides Reference books Transparency White board and marker Compare contrast

Learning Outcomes:

Resources:

Thinking Skills: Moral Values:

Cooperation

Procedure

Content / Skill

Teaching-Learning

Teaching 1

Activities Introduction/ induction set (3 minutes) To identify the values of a, b, and c of a given quadratic equation.

materials Handout

Teacher gives students a handout (appendix I) consist 6 examples of quadratic equations. Teacher ask the students to find the values of a, b and c. Teacher checks the answer together with asks the students to rise up the hand. Teacher asks the student what the used of the values and related to the topic that covers today.

Lesson Development Step 1 (10 minutes)

Understand and use the conditions for quadratic equations to have: a) two different roots b) two equal roots c) no roots

Teacher asks and shows to the students the formula on the board to find the roots. b b 2 4ac x= 2a Teacher asks the student and shows to students formula to find discriminants. b 2 4ac Next teacher explains how the value of the discriminants will decide the type of the root by transparency. ( Appendix II ) i) b 2 4ac > 0 ( the roots are distinct) ii) iii) b 2 4ac = 0 ( the roots are equal) b 2 4ac < 0 (there is no roots. Using the same

White board

Step 2

handout 2

(15 minutes)

example teacher asks the students to complete the table on the handout. (Appendix III) Distribute worksheets taken from workbooks to reinforce concepts learnt. (Appendix IV) Teacher asks the students to pass up the worksheets in the next lesson. Teacher stresses the use of b2 4ac. Teacher ask the students that find the discriminants can determines the types of roots. Teacher show the conclusion by transparency. (Appendix II Transparency iv) Handout

Step 4 Reinforcement/ Evaluation (2 minutes)

Conclusion ( 2 minutes)

Appendix I 3

Question Find the value of a,b and c No 1 2 3 4 5 6 ax 2 + bx + c = 0 x2 + 2x 3 = 0 x 2 4 x 12 = 0 2 x2 x + 1 = 0 x2 + 4x + 4 = 0 2 x 2 + 3x + 5 = 0 x2 6 x + 9 = 0 a b c b 2 4ac x, (roots)

Answer No 1 2 3 4 5 6 ax 2 + bx + c = 0 x2 + 2x 3 = 0 x 2 4 x 12 = 0 2 x2 x + 1 = 0 x2 + 4x + 4 = 0 2 x 2 + 3x + 5 = 0 x2 6 x + 9 = 0 a 1 1 2 1 2 1 b 2 -4 -1 4 3 -6 c -3 -12 1 4 5 9 b 2 4ac x, (roots)

Appendix II 4

Transparency (i)

4 x 12 x + 9 = 0
2
the roots by factorization

( 3x 2 ) ( 3x 2 )
3 x = 2

Find the discriminant by using formula

a = 4 b = 12 c = 9
b 2 4ac = 0

b 4ac
2

So we conclude that when b 2 4ac = 0 , roots is equals.

Transparency (ii)
5

the roots by factorization

3x 2 x 1 = 0
2

( x 1) ( 3 x +1)
1 x = 1, x = 3

Find the discriminant by using formula

b 4ac a = 3, b = 2, c = 1
2

b 4ac = 16
2

So we conclude that when b 2 4ac >0 , roots is distinct.

b 2 4ac >0

Transparency (iii)
6

x x+ 7= 0
2
Can you find the roots???? By using formula to find x above there are no real number exist

b b 4 ac x= 2a
2

Find the discriminant by using formula

a = 1, b = 1, c = 7
b 4ac = 27
2

b 4ac
2

So we conclude that when b 2 4ac <0 , there are no roots

b 4ac <0
2

Transparency iv
7

Conclusion type of the root 1- b 2 4ac > 0 ( the roots are distinct) 2- b 2 equal)

4ac =

0 ( the roots are

3- b 2 4ac < 0 (there is no roots.

Appendix III Question 8

Complete the table No 1 2 3 4 5 6 ax 2 + bx + c = 0 x2 + 2x 3 = 0 x 2 4 x 12 = 0 2 x2 x + 1 = 0 x2 + 4x + 4 = 0 2 x 2 + 3x + 5 = 0 x2 6 x + 9 = 0 a b c b 2 4ac x, (roots)

Answer No 1 2 3 4 5 6 ax 2 + bx + c = 0 x2 + 2x 3 = 0 x 2 4 x 12 = 0 2 x2 x + 1 = 0 x2 + 4x + 4 = 0 2 x 2 + 3x + 5 = 0 x2 6 x + 9 = 0 a 1 1 2 1 2 1 b 2 -4 -1 4 3 -6 c -3 -12 1 4 5 9 b 2 4ac 16 64 -7 0 -31 0 x, (roots) Distinct Distinct No roots Equals No roots Equals

Appendix IV Question 9

Determine the type of roots in this quadratic equation. 1) x2 + 3x + 7 = 0 SOLUTION:

2) 2x2 + 5x + 4 = 0 SOLUTION: 1

3) 4x2 20x + 25 = 0 SOLUTION:

4) 3x2 + 5x + 15 = 0 SOLUTION:

5) ax2 + (2a + 3)x + a + 3 = 0 SOLUTION:

Answer Determine the type of roots in this quadratic equation. 1. x2 + 3x + 7 = 0 SOLUTION: 10

x2 + 3x + 7 = 0 b2 4ac = (3)2 4(1)(7) = 9 28 = 19 b2 4ac < 0 no roots.

2. 2x2 + 5x + 4 = 0 SOLUTION: 2x2 + 5x + 4 = 0 b2 4ac = (5)2 4(2)(4) = 25 + 32 = 57 b2 4ac > 0 two different roots. 3. 4x2 20x + 25 = 0 SOLUTION: 4x2 20x + 25 = 0 b2 4ac = (20)2 4(4)(25) = 400 400 =0 b2 4ac = 0 two equal roots. 4.3x2 + 5x + 15 = 0 SOLUTION: 3x2 + 5x + 15 = 0 b2 4ac = (5)2 4(3)(15) = 5 125 = 5 26.833 = 21.833 b2 4ac < 0 no real roots.

5. ax2 + (2a + 3)x + a + 3 = 0 SOLUTION: ax2 + (2a + 3)x + a + 3 = 0 b2 4ac = (2a + 3)2 4(a)( a + 3) = 4a2 + 12a + 9 4a2 12a =9 b2 4ac > 0 two different roots.

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