Low cost wind power plant

I AM ATTATCHING THE PLANT DESIGN . MY DESIGN WAS SELECTED IN IIT KGP TECHFEST 2010 WHOSE SPONSER WAS GENERAL ELECTRIC. WIND POWER PLANT INRODUCTIONEnergy is an important part of any countrys economy. Today major energy need in a country is achieved by using conventional sources of energy. It includes coal, natural gas, nuclear fuel, etc. But these sources are limited on earth . Looking towards the environment effect as thermal plant releases smoke and ash which causes air pollution Nuclear power plant releases radioactive waste which are hazardous and cause air and land pollution. Due to these factor we concern our idea toward non conventional sources of energy. Non conventional sources of energy are environmental friendly, easily available on earth . Wind energy has evolved as one of the non conventional sources of energy . It is an indirect form of solar energy. Wind power plant extract energy from wind and convert it into mechanical energy which is used by turbine to convert it into electrical energy. Cause of wind flowDue to non uniform heating of land and water by solar energy, air nearer to equator heats up quickly , these hot air tend to move upward because of less density ,The air vacancy created is filled by cold air coming from poles . Air carrying momentum is known as wind. Turbine blades as barrier which extract power from wind. Advantages of wind energy Wind energy is available in the country situated on bank of the sea. Wind power plant does not require any additional source of energy for power generation. It is pollution free and eco-friendly. Both type of plant large scale and small scale can be constructed. Wind in India Studies shows that wind in India is varying in nature. Wind direction changes with season . Some state like Tamilnadu, Gujrat has large potential of wind energy.

Parts of wind power plant Rotor blade Blade extract power from the wind. When wind forces the blade it transfers some energy to rotar. Betzs coefficient Theoretical studies show that ideal wind turbine extract 60 % of total wind energy. That is maximum fraction of power that can be extracted by wind turbine is 60%.Therefore shape and size of blade will determine turbine performance. Shaft Wind turbine shaft is connected to centre of rotor .when the rotor spins the shaft spins as well and rotor transfers rotational energy to shaft . Generator Generator is a device which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy . Generator is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. Gearbox Gear box contains gear which are mechanically coupled to each other. Gear convert high speed-low torque to low speed- high torque. Turbine efficiency Turbine efficiency = Na * Ng * Nc * Ngen Where Na = aero turbine efficiency Ng= gearing efficiency Nc = mechanical coupling Ngen = generator efficiency

Our wind power plan Our wind plant is horizontal axis wind plant as in India wind blows much higher than our rooftops. We use variable pitch gear as coupling device with variable speed controller using lever and crankshaft mechanism. Type of material for blade Wood (pine & spruce) Easy to carve Resistance to fatigue Diameter of blade-5 meter Number of blade when the number of blade increases turbine will stops more wind energy i.e lift force on Blade increases but axial thrust(drag)also increases which is counterbalanced by mechanical design .we use three blades which are so adjusted on hub so as when speed increases there will be increase in drift and decrease in drag. Gear system and speed controller-we use variable pitch gear as coupling device which is mounted on generator. Wind turbine rotator shaft is connected with a gear which is coupled through variable pitch gear by

chain which passes over a secondary gear .secondary gear is pivoted with crank shaft mechanism by a lever other side of secondary gear is connected with spring for its sidewise movement. Crank is attached with a motor which is connected with coil inside which there is a U shaped permanent Magnet. Generator -we use three phase generator as it extract more power from rotor (three times more than single phase). If more power is extracted there will less desipition of wind energy as vibrational energy. Rectifier-we use six diodes to make rectifying circuit to convert AC into DC . diodes are provided with better heat sink Voltage regulator-voltage regulator circuit is drawn in figure. Regulating operation 1. If the output voltage decreases , the increased base emitter voltage causes transistor to conduct more . Thereby raising the output voltage maintaining the output constant. 2. If the output voltage increases ,the decreased base emitter voltage causes the transistor to conduct less Thereby reducing the output voltage maintaining the output constant. Battery storage We use 12 V lead acid rechargeable battery as its energy/price ratio is more . it has long life High charge\ discharge cycle. Easily available in market.