Design Example of Six Storey Building

Docunenl No. :: IITK-CSDMA-LQ26-V2.
O
Diafl IinaI Repoil :: A - Lailhquake Codes
IITK-CSDMA Iiojecl on uiIding Codes

DcsIgn Examp!c nf a 5Ix 5tnrcy
BuI!dIng
oq

Dr. H. ]. Snan
Depailnenl of AppIied Mechanics
M. S. Univeisily of aioda
Vadodaia

Dr. Sudnir K ]ain
Depailnenl of CiviI Lngineeiing
Indian Inslilule of TechnoIogy Kanpui
Kanpui

This docunenl has leen nade avaiIalIe as a Diafl foi Connenl and is
nol ieady foi use. Il is sliII in deveIopnenl slage as a pail of ongoing
piojecl on uiIding Codes sponsoied ly Cujaial Slale Disaslei
Managenenl Aulhoiily, Candhinagai al Indian Inslilule of TechnoIogy
Kanpui.
The vievs and opinions expiessed aie lhose of lhe aulhois and nol
necessaiiIy of lhe CSDMA, lhe WoiId ank, IIT Kanpui, oi lhe uieau of
Indian Slandaids.
Connenls and feedlacks nay pIease le foivaided lo:
Iiof. Sudhii K }ain, Depl. of CiviI Lngineeiing, IIT Kanpui, Kanpui
2O8O16, enaiI: niceeiilk.ac.in

DRAIT Dcsign |xanp|c cf a 8ui|ding
||TK-GSDMA-|Q26-V2.0 Pagc 3
Example - Seismic Analysis and Design of a Six Storey Building
Problem Statement:
A six storey building Ior a commercial complex has plan dimensions as shown in Figure 1. The building is
located in seismic zone III on a site with medium soil. Design the building Ior seismic loads as per IS 1893
(Part 1): 2002.
General
1. The example building consists oI the main
block and a service block connected by
expansion joint and is thereIore structurally
separated (Figure 1). Analysis and design Ior
main block is to be perIormed.

2 The building will be used Ior exhibitions, as an
art gallery or show room, etc., so that there are
no walls inside the building. Only external
walls 230 mm thick with 12 mm plaster on
both sides are considered. For simplicity in
analysis, no balconies are used in the building.

3. At ground Iloor, slabs are not provided and the
Iloor will directly rest on ground. ThereIore,
only ground beams passing through columns
are provided as tie beams. The Iloor beams are
thus absent in the ground Iloor.

4. Secondary Iloor beams are so arranged that
they act as simply supported beams and that
maximum number oI main beams get Ilanged
beam eIIect.

5. The main beams rest centrally on columns to
avoid local eccentricity.

6. For all structural elements, M25 grade concrete
will be used. However, higher M30 grade
concrete is used Ior central columns up to
plinth, in ground Iloor and in the Iirst Iloor.

7. Sizes oI all columns in upper Iloors are kept the
same; however, Ior columns up to plinth, sizes
are increased.

8. The Iloor diaphragms are assumed to be rigid.

9. Centre-line dimensions are Iollowed Ior
analysis and design. In practice, it is advisable
to consider Iinite size joint width.

10. Preliminary sizes oI structural components are
assumed by experience.

11. For analysis purpose, the beams are assumed
to be rectangular so as to distribute slightly
larger moment in columns. In practice a beam
that IulIils requirement oI Ilanged section in
design, behaves in between a rectangular and a
Ilanged section Ior moment distribution.

12. In Figure 1(b), tie is shown connecting the
Iootings. This is optional in zones II and III;
however, it is mandatory in zones IV and V.

13. Seismic loads will be considered acting in the
horizontal direction (along either oI the two
principal directions) and not along the vertical
direction, since it is not considered to be
signiIicant.

14. All dimensions are in mm, unless speciIied
otherwise.

B
1
3
B
1
4
B
1
5
B
1
6
B
1
7
B
1
8
B
1
9
B
2
0
B
2
1
B
2
2
B
2
3
B
2
4
B
1
B
4
B
7
B
10
B
2
B
5
B
8
B
11
B
3
B
6
B
9
B
12
F.B.
F.B. F.B.
F.B.
F.B.
F.B. F.B.
F.B.
F.B.
F.B.
F
.
B
.
F
.
B
.
F
.
B
.
F
.
B
.
F
.
B
.
F
.
B
.
F
.
B
.
F
.
B
.
C
13
C
2
C
3
C
4
(7.5,22.5) (15,22.5) (22.5,22.5)
(0,0)
(7.5,0)
14
C
(15,0)
15
C
(22.5,0)
16
C
(22.5,7.5)
12
C
(22.5,15)
8
C
(0,15)
(0,7.5)
5
C
9
C
6
C C
7
(7.5, 7.5) (15, 7.5)
11
C
(15, 15) (7.5,15)
C
10
Z
(0,22.5)
7.5 m 7.5 m 7.5 m
7
.
5

m
7
.
5

m
7
.
5

m
A
Service block
x
z
0.80
0.10
4 m
1 m
5 m
5 m
5 m
5 m
5 m
0.0
2.1 m Ground Floor
5.5 m First Floor
10.5 m Second Floor
15.5 m Third Floor
20.5 m Fourth Floor
25.5 m FiIth Floor
30.5 m
31.5 m
Tie
5 m
5 m
5 m
5 m
5 m
4.1 m
30.2 m
25.2 m
20.2 m
15.2 m
10.2 m
5.2 m
1.1 m
1.1 m
M25
M25
M25
M25
M25
M25
0.0 m
M25
(a) Typical Iloor plan
(b) Part section A-A (c) Part Irame section
y
x
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
X
1
C
Main block
Storey
numbers
300 600
600 600
300 600
500 500
Expansion
joint
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
0.90
0.60
0.10
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
Terrace
Plinth
2.5

Figure 1 General lay-out of the Building.

1.1. Data of the Example
The design data shall be as Iollows:
Live load : 4.0 kN/m
2
at typical Iloor
: 1.5 kN/m
2
on terrace
Floor Iinish : 1.0 kN/m
2

Water prooIing : 2.0 kN/m
2

Terrace Iinish : 1.0 kN/m
2

Location : Vadodara city
Wind load : As per IS: 875-Not designed Ior wind
load, since earthquake loads exceed the
wind loads.
Earthquake load : As per IS-1893 (Part 1) - 2002
Depth oI Ioundation below ground : 2.5 m
Type oI soil : Type II, Medium as per IS:1893
Allowable bearing pressure : 200 kN/m
2

Average thickness oI Iooting : 0.9 m, assume isolated Iootings
Storey height : Typical Iloor: 5 m, GF: 3.4 m
Floors : G.F. 5 upper Iloors.
Ground beams : To be provided at 100 mm below G.L.
Plinth level : 0.6 m
Walls : 230 mm thick brick masonry walls
only at periphery.
Material Properties
Concrete
All components unless speciIied in design: M25 grade all
E
c
5 000
ck
f N/mm
2

5 000
ck
f MN/m
2

25 000 N/ mm
2
25 000 MN/ m
2
.
For cent ral col umns up t o pl i nt h, ground Il oor and Ii rst Il oor: M30
grade
E
c
5 000
ck
f N/mm
2

5 000
ck
f MN/m
2

27 386 N/ mm
2
27 386 MN/ m
2
.
St eel
HYSD reinIorcement oI grade Fe 415 conIirming to IS: 1786 is used throughout.

1.2. Geometry of the Building
The general layout oI the building is shown in
Figure 1. At ground level, the Iloor beams FB are
not provided, since the Iloor directly rests on
ground (earth Iilling and 1:4:8 c.c. at plinth level)
and no slab is provided. The ground beams are
provided at 100 mm below ground level. The
numbering oI the members is explained as below.
1.2.1. Storey number
Storey numbers are given to the portion oI the
building between two successive grids oI beams.
For the example building, the storey numbers are
deIined as Iollows:
Portion of the building Storey no.
Foundation top Ground Iloor 1
Ground beams First Iloor 2
First Floor Second Iloor 3
Second Iloor Third Iloor 4
Third Iloor Fourth Iloor 5
Fourth Iloor FiIth Iloor 6
FiIth Iloor - Terrace 7
1.2.2. Column number
In the general plan oI Figure 1, the columns Irom
C
1
to C
16
are numbered in a convenient way Irom
leIt to right and Irom upper to the lower part oI
the plan. Column C
5
is known as column C
5
Irom
top oI the Iooting to the terrace level. However,
to diIIerentiate the column lengths in diIIerent
stories, the column lengths are known as 105,
205, 305, 405, 505, 605 and 705 |ReIer to Figure
2(b)|. The Iirst digit indicates the storey number
while the last two digits indicate column number.
Thus, column length 605 means column length in
sixth storey Ior column numbered C
5
. The
columns may also be speciIied by using grid lines.
1.2.3. Floor beams (Secondary beams)
All Iloor beams that are capable oI Iree rotation at
supports are designated as FB in Figure 1. The
reactions oI the Iloor beams are calculated
manually, which act as point loads on the main
beams. Thus, the Iloor beams are not considered
as the part oI the space Irame modelling.
1.2.4. Main beams number
Beams, which are passing through columns, are
termed as main beams and these together with the
columns Iorm the space Irame. The general layout
oI Figure 1 numbers the main beams as beam B
1

to B
12
in a convenient way Irom leIt to right and
Irom upper to the lower part oI the plan. Giving
90
o
clockwise rotation to the plan similarly marks
the beams in the perpendicular direction. To
Iloor-wise diIIerentiate beams similar in plan (say
beam B
5
connecting columns C
6
and C
7
) in
various Iloors, beams are numbered as 1005,
2005, 3005, and so on. The Iirst digit indicates the
storey top oI the beam grid and the last three
digits indicate the beam number as shown in
general layout oI Figure 1. Thus, beam 4007 is the
beam located at the top oI 4
th
storey whose
number is B
7
as per the general layout.
1.3. Gravity Load calculations
1.3.1. Unit load calculations
Assumed sizes oI beam and column sections are:
Columns: 500 x 500 at all typical Iloors
Area, A 0.25 m
2
, I 0.005208 m
4

Columns: 600 x 600 below ground level
Area, A 0.36 m
2
, I 0.0108 m
4

Main beams: 300 x 600 at all Iloors
Area, A 0.18 m
2
, I 0.0054 m
4

Ground beams: 300 x 600
Area, A 0.18 m
2
, I 0.0054 m
4

Secondary beams: 200 x 600

Member self- weights:
Columns (500 x 500)
0.50 x 0.50 x 25 6.3 kN/m
Columns (600 x 600)
0.60 x 0.60 x 25 9.0 kN/m
Ground beam (300 x 600)
0.30 x 0.60 x 25 4.5 kN/m
Secondary beams rib (200 x 500)
0.20 x 0.50 x 25 2.5 kN/m
Main beams (300 x 600)
0.30 x 0.60 x 25 4.5 kN/m
Slab (100 mm thick)
0.1 x 25 2.5 kN/m
2

Brick wall (230 mm thick)
0.23 x 19 (wall) 2 x 0.012 x 20 (plaster)
4.9 kN/m
2
Floor wall (height 4.4

m)
4.4 x 4.9 21.6 kN/m

Ground Iloor wall (height 3.5

m)
3.5 x 4.9 17.2 kN/m

Ground Iloor wall (height 0.7

m)
0.7 x 4.9 3.5 kN/m

Terrace parapet (height 1.0 m)
1.0 x 4.9 4.9 kN/m
1.3.2. Slab load calculations

Component Terrace
(DL LL)
Typical
(DL LL)
SelI (100 mm
thick)
2.5 0.0 2.5 0.0
Water
prooIing
2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Floor Iinish 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0
Live load 0.0 1.5 0.0 4.0
Total 5.5 1.5
kN/m
2

3.5 4.0
kN/m
2

1.3.3. Beam and frame load calculations:

(1) Terrace level:
Floor beams:
From slab
2.5 x (5.5 1.5) 13.8 3.8 kN/m
SelI weight 2.5 0 kN/m
Total 16.3 3.8 kN/m
Reaction on main beam
0.5 x 7.5 x (16.3 3.8) 61.1 14.3 kN.

Note: SelI-weights oI main beams and columns
will not be considered, as the analysis soItware
will directly add them. However, in calculation
oI design earthquake loads (section 1.5), these
will be considered in the seismic weight.

Main beams B1B2B3 and B10B11B12
Component B1-B3 B2
From Slab
0.5 x 2.5 (5.5 1.5)

6.9 1.9

0 0
Parapet 4.9 0 4.9 0
Total 11.8 1.9
kN/m
4.9 0
kN/m
Two point loads on one-third span points Ior
beams B
2
and B
11
oI (61.1 14.3) kN Irom the
secondary beams.
Main beams B4B5B6, B7B8B9, B16
B17 B18 and B19B20B21
From slab
0.5 x 2.5 x (5.5 1.5) 6.9 1.9 kN/m
Total 6.9 1.9 kN/m
Two point loads on one-third span points Ior all
the main beams (61.1 14.3) kN Irom the
secondary beams.


Component B13 B15
B22 B24
B14
B23
From Slab
0.5 x 2.5 (5.5 1.5)
---- 6.9 1.9
Parapet 4.9 0 4.9 0
Total 4.9 0
kN/m
11.8 1.9
kN/m

beams B13, B15, B22 and B24 oI (61.114.3)
kN Irom the secondary beams.
(2) Floor Level:
Floor Beams:
From slab
2.5 x (3.5 4.0) 8.75 10 kN/m
SelI weight 2.5 0 kN/m
Total 11.25 10 kN/m
Reaction on main beam
0.5 x 7.5 x (11.25 10.0) 42.2 37.5 kN.


Component B1 B3 B2
From Slab
0.5 x 2.5 (3.5 4.0)

4.4 5.0

0 0
Wall 21.6 0 21.6 0
Total 26.0 5.0
kN/m
21.6 0
kN/m

beams B2 and B11 (42.2 37.5) kN Irom the
secondary beams.
Main beams B4B5B6, B7B8B9, B16
B17B18 and B19B20B21
From slab 0.5 x 2.5 (3.5 4.0) 4.4 5.0 kN/m
Total 4.4 5.0 kN/m
Two point loads on one-third span points Ior all
the main beams (42.2 37.5) kN Irom the
secondary beams.
Main beams B13B14B15 and
B22B23B24

Component B13 B15
B22 B24
B14
B23
From Slab
0.5 x 2.5 (3.5 4.0)

----

4.4 5.0
Wall 21.6 0 21.6 0
Total 21.6 0
kN/m
26.0 5.0
kN/m

beams B13, B15, B22 and B24 oI
(42.2 7.5) kN Irom the secondary beams.
(3) Ground level:
Outer beams: B1-B2-B3; B10-B11-B12; B13-
B14-B15 and B22-B23-B24
Walls: 3.5 m high
17.2 0 kN/m

Inner beams: B4-B5-B6; B7-B8-B9; B16-
B17-B18 and B19-B20-B21
Walls: 0.7 m high
3.5 0 kN/m
Loading frames
The loading Irames using the above-calculated
beam loads are shown in the Iigures 2 (a), (b), (c)
and (d). There are total eight Irames in the
building. However, because oI symmetry, Irames
A-A, B-B, 1-1 and 2-2 only are shown.

It may also be noted that since LL (3/4) DL in
all beams, the loading pattern as speciIied by
Clause 22.4.1 (a) oI IS 456:2000 is not necessary.
ThereIore design dead load plus design live load
is considered on all spans as per recommendations
oI Clause 22.4.1 (b). In design oI columns, it will
be noted that DL LL combination seldom
governs in earthquake resistant design except
where live load is very high. IS: 875 allows
reduction in live load Ior design oI columns and
Iootings. This reduction has not been considered
in this example.
2001
3001
4001
5001
6001
7001
2002
2003
3003
4003
5003
6003
7003
1003 1002 1001
2
0
1
1
0
1
3
0
1
4
0
1
5
0
1
6
0
1
2
0
2
3
0
2
4
0
2
5
0
2
6
0
2
2
0
3
3
0
3
4
0
3
5
0
3
6
0
3
2
0
4
3
0
4
4
0
4
5
0
4
6
0
4
1
0
2
1
0
3
1
0
4
7
0
1
7
0
2
7
0
4
(11.8 1.9) kN/m (11.8 1.9) kN/m
61.1 14.3
61.1 14.3 kN
(26 5) kN/m (26 5) kN/m
7
0
3
(17.2 0) kN/m
C
1
C
2
C
3
C
4
B
1 2
B
3
B
5

m
5

m
5

m
5

m
5

m
4
.
1

m
1
.
1

m
(26 5) kN/m (26 5) kN/m
(26 5) kN/m (26 5) kN/m
(26 5) kN/m (26 5) kN/m
(26 5) kN/m (26 5) kN/m
(17.2 0) kN/m (17.2 0) kN/m
(21.6 0) kN/m
(21.6 0) kN/m
3002
(21.6 0) kN/m
4002
(21.6 0) kN/m
5002
(21.6 0) kN/m
6002
42.237.5 kN
7002
(4.9 0) kN/m
42.237.5
42.237.5 42.237.5 kN
42.237.5 42.237.5 kN
42.237.5 42.237.5 kN
42.237.5 42.237.5 kN
7.5 m 7.5 m 7.5 m

Figure 2 (a) Gravity Loads: Frame AA
7004 7005 7006
1006 1005 1004
61.114.3 kN
(3.5 0) kN/m (3.5 0) kN/m (3.5 0) kN/m
C
5
C
6
C
7
C
8
B
4 5
B
6
B
5

m
5

m
5

m
5

m
5

m
4
.
1

m
1
.
1

m
61.114.3 kN 61.114.3 kN
42.237.5 kN
7.5 m 7.5 m 7.5 m
1
0
5
1
0
6
1
0
7
1
0
8
2
0
5
2
0
6
2
0
7
2
0
8
3
0
8
3
0
7
3
0
6
3
0
5
4
0
5
4
0
6
4
0
7
4
0
8
5
0
5
5
0
6
5
0
7
5
0
8
6
0
5
6
0
6
6
0
7
6
0
8
7
0
5
7
0
6
7
0
7
7
0
8
(6.91.9) kN/m (6.91.9) kN/m (6.91.9) kN/m
6006
(4.4 5) kN/m
(4.4 5) kN/m
5006
(4.4 5) kN/m
4006
(4.4 5) kN/m
3006
(4.4 5) kN/m
2006
(4.4 5) kN/m
6005
42.237.5 kN
(4.4 5) kN/m
5005
(4.4 5) kN/m
4005
(4.4 5) kN/m
3005
(4.4 5) kN/m
2005
(4.4 5) kN/m
6004
42.237.5 kN
(4.4 5) kN/m
5004
(4.4 5) kN/m
4004
(4.4 5) kN/m
3004
(4.4 5) kN/m
2004
61.114.3 61.114.3 61.114.3
42.237.5 42.237.5 42.237.5
42.237.5 42.237.5 kN 42.237.5 42.237.5 kN 42.237.5 42.237.5 kN
42.237.5 42.237.5 kN 42.237.5 42.237.5 kN 42.237.5 42.237.5 kN
42.237.5 42.237.5 kN 42.237.5 42.237.5 kN 42.237.5 42.237.5 kN
42.237.5 42.237.5 kN 42.237.5 42.237.5 kN 42.237.5 42.237.5 kN

Figure 2(b) Gravity Loads: Frame BB
7015
1015 1014 1013
(17.2 0) kN/m
C
13
C
9
C
5
C
1
B
13 14
B
15
B
5

m
5

m
5

m
5

m
5

m
4
.
1

m
1
.
1

m
61.1 14.3 kN 61.1 14.3 kN
(4.9 0) kN/m
7.5 m 7.5 m 7.5 m
1
1
3
1
0
9
1
0
5
1
0
1
2
0
9
2
0
5
2
0
1
2
1
3
3
1
3
3
0
9
3
0
5
3
0
1
4
1
3
4
0
9
4
0
5
4
0
1
5
1
3
5
0
9
5
0
5
5
0
1
6
1
3
6
0
9
6
0
5
6
0
1
7
1
3
7
0
9
7
0
5
7
0
1
(11.8 1.9) kN/m
7014
(4.9 0) kN/m
7013
6013
(21.6 0) kN/m
5013
4013
3013
2013
6015
5015
4015
3015
2015
(26 5) kN/m
6014
5014
(26 5) kN/m
4014
(26 5) kN/m
3014
(26 5) kN/m
2014
(26 5) kN/m
(17.2 0) kN/m (17.2 0) kN/m
(21.6 0) kN/m
(21.6 0) kN/m
(21.6 0) kN/m
(21.6 0) kN/m
(21.6 0) kN/m
(21.6 0) kN/m
(21.6 0) kN/m
(21.6 0) kN/m
(21.6 0) kN/m
61.1 14.3 61.1 14.3
42.237.5 kN 42.237.5 42.237.5 42.237.5 kN
42.237.5 42.237.5 kN 42.237.5 kN 42.237.5
42.237.5 42.237.5 kN 42.237.5 kN 42.237.5
42.237.5 42.237.5 kN 42.237.5 kN 42.237.5
42.237.5 42.237.5 kN 42.237.5 kN 42.237.5

Figure 2(c) Gravity Loads: Frame 1-1
7018
1018 1017 1016
61.1 14.3 kN
(3.5 0) kN/m (3.5 0) kN/m (3.5 0) kN/m
C
14
C
10
C
6
C
2
B
16 17
B
18
B
5

m
5

m
5

m
5

m
5

m
4
.
1

m
1
.
1

m
61.1 14.3 kN 61.1 14.3 kN
(6.91.9) kN/m
42.237.5 kN
7.5 m 7.5 m 7.5 m
(d) Gravity loads : Frame 2-2
1
1
4
1
1
0
1
0
6
1
0
2
2
1
0
2
1
4
2
0
6
2
0
2
3
1
0
3
1
4
3
0
6
3
0
2
4
1
4
4
1
0
4
0
6
4
0
2
5
1
4
5
1
0
5
0
6
5
0
2
6
1
4
6
1
0
6
0
6
6
0
2
7
1
4
7
1
0
7
0
6
7
0
2
7017
(6.91.9) kN/m
7016
(6.91.9) kN/m
6018
(4.45) kN/m
(4.45) kN/m
5018
(4.45) kN/m
4018
(4.45) kN/m
3018
(4.45) kN/m
2018
42.237.5 kN
(4.45) kN/m
6017
(4.45) kN/m
5017
(4.45) kN/m
4017
(4.45) kN/m
3017
(4.45) kN/m
2017
42.237.5 kN
(4.45) kN/m
6016
(4.45) kN/m
5016
(4.45) kN/m
4016
(4.45) kN/m
3016
(4.45) kN/m
2016
61.1 14.3 61.1 14.3 61.1 14.3
42.237.5 42.237.5 42.237.5
42.237.5 42.237.5 kN 42.237.5 42.237.5 kN 42.237.5 42.237.5 kN
42.237.5 42.237.5 kN 42.237.5 42.237.5 kN 42.237.5 42.237.5 kN
42.237.5 42.237.5 kN 42.237.5 42.237.5 kN 42.237.5 42.237.5 kN
42.237.5 42.237.5 kN 42.237.5 42.237.5 kN 42.237.5 42.237.5 kN

Figure 2(d) Gravity Loads: Frame 2-2

1.4. Seismic Weight Calculations
The seismic weights are calculated in a manner
similar to gravity loads. The weight oI columns
and walls in any storey shall be equally
distributed to the Iloors above and below the
storey. Following reduced live loads are used Ior
analysis: Zero on terrace, and 50 on other Iloors
|IS: 1893 (Part 1): 2002, Clause 7.4)
(1) Storey 7 (Terrace):
DL LL
From slab 22.5 x 22.5 (5.50) 2 784 0
Parapet 4 x 22.5 (4.9 0) 441 0

Walls 0.5 x 4 x 22.5 x
(21.6 0)
972 0
Secondary
beams
18 x 7.5 x (2.5 0) 338 0
Main
beams
8 x 22.5 x (4.5 0) 810 0
Columns 0.5 x 5 x 16 x
(6.3 0)
252 0
Total 5 597 0
5 597 kN
(2) Storey 6, 5, 4, 3:
DL LL
From slab 22.5 x 22.5 x
(3.5 0.5 x 4)
1 772 1 013
Walls 4 x 22.5 x
(21.6 0)
1 944 0
Secondary
beams
18 x 7.5 x
(2.5 0)
338 0
Main
beams
8 x 22.5 x
(4.5 0)
810 0
Columns 16 x 5 x
(6.3 0)
5040
Total 5 368 1 013
6 381 kN
(3) Storey 2:
DL LL
From slab 22.5 x 22.5 x
(3.5 0.5 x 4)
1 772 1 013
Walls 0.5 x 4 x 22.5 x
(21.6 0)
972 0
Walls

0.5 x 4 x 22.5 x
(17.2 0)
774 0

Secondary
beams
18 x 7.5 x
(2.5 0)
338 0
Main
beams
8 x 22.5 x
(4.5 0)
810 0
Columns 16 x 0.5 x (5
4.1) x (6.3 0)
459 0
Total 5 125 1 013
6 138 kN
(4) Storey 1 (plinth):
DL LL
Walls 0.5 x 4 x 22.5
(17.2 0)
774 0
Walls

0.5 x 4 x 22.5 x
(3.5 0)
158 0
Main
beams
8 x 22.5 x
(4.5 0)
810 0
Column 16 x 0.5 x 4.1 x
(6.3 0)
16 x 0.5 x 1.1 x
(9.0 0)
206 0

79 0

Total 2 027 0
2 027 kN
Seismic weight oI the entire building
5 597 4 x 6 381 6 138 2 027
39 286 kN
The seismic weight oI the Iloor is the lumped
weight, which acts at the respective Iloor
level at the centre oI mass oI the Iloor.
1.5. Design Seismic Load
The inIill walls in upper Iloors may contain large
openings, although the solid walls are considered
in load calculations. ThereIore, Iundamental time
period T is obtained by using the Iollowing
Iormula:

T
a
0.075 h
0.75

|IS 1893 (Part 1):2002, Clause 7.6.1|

0.075 x (30.5)
0.75

0.97 sec.
Zone Iactor, Z 0.16 Ior Zone III
IS: 1893 (Part 1):2002, Table 2
Importance Iactor, I 1.5 (public building)
Medium soil site and 5 damping
402 . 1
97 . 0
36 . 1
= =
g
S
a

IS: 1893 (Part 1): 2002, Figure 2.
Table1. Distribution of Total Horizontal
Load to Different Floor Levels

Ductile detailing is assumed Ior the structure.
Hence, Response Reduction Factor, R, is taken
equal to 5.0.
It may be noted however, that ductile detailing is
mandatory in Zones III, IV and V.
Hence,
A
h

g
a
S
R
I
2
Z

0.0336 1.402
5
1.5

2
0.16
=

Base shear, J
B
A
h
W
0.0336 x 39 286
1 320 kN.

The total horizontal load oI 1 320 kN is now
distributed along the height oI the building as per
clause 7.7.1 oI IS1893 (Part 1): 2002. This
distribution is shown in Table 1.
Note that the building structure is identical along
the X- and Z- directions, and hence, the
Iundamental time period and the earthquake
Iorces are the same in the two directions.
Building with unsymmetrical conIiguration in
plan will have diIIerent seismic Iorces in two
directions.
1.5.1. Accidental eccentricity:
Design eccentricity is given by
e
di
1.5 e
si
0.05 b
i
or
e
si
0.05 b
i

IS 1893 (Part 1): 2002, Clause 7.9.2.

For the present case, since the building is
symmetric, static eccentricity, e
si
0.

0.05 b
i
0.05 x 22.5 1.125 m.

Accidental eccentricity can be on either side (that
is, plus or minus). Hence, one must consider
lateral Iorce Q
i
acting at the mass centre
accompanied by a clockwise or an anticlockwise
torsion moment (i.e., 1.125 Q
i
kNm or -1.125 Q
i

kNm).

Forces Q
i
acting at the mass centres and
respective torsion moments at various levels are
presented in Table 2. Earthquake loads acting at
the mass centre along with clockwise torsion
moments Ior the example building are shown in
Figure 3.

Storey W
i

(kN)
h
i

(m)
W
i
h
i
2
x10
-3

2
i i
2
i i
h W
h W
Qi
=

x V
B

(kN)
V
i

(kN)
7 5 597 30.2 5 105 480 480
6 6 381 25.2 4 052 380 860
5 6 381 20.2 2 604 244 1 104
4 6 381 15.2 1 474 138 1 242
3 6 381 10.2 664 62 1 304
2 6 138 5.2 166 16 1 320
1 2 027 1.1 3 0 1 320
Total 14 068 1 320

Mass centre
2
2
.
5

m
22.5 m
428 kNm
275 kNm
70 kNm
0 kNm
18 kNm
155 kNm
540 kNm
1.1 m
4.1 m
5 m
5 m
5 m
5 m
5 m
480 kN
380 kN
244 kN
138 kN
62 kN
16 kN
0 kN
All columns not shown Ior clarity
Figure not to the scale

Figure 3 Accidental Eccentricity Inducing Torsion in the Building

1.6. Analysis by Space Frames
The space Irame is modelled using standard
soItware. The gravity loads are taken Irom Figure
2, while the earthquake loads are taken Irom
Figure 3. The basic load cases are shown in Table
2, where X and Z are lateral orthogonal directions.
Table 2 Basic Load Cases Used for Analysis
No. Load case Directions
1 DL Downwards
2
IL(Imposed/Live load)
Downwards
3 EXTP (Torsion) X; Clockwise
torsion due to EQ
4 EXTN (-Torsion) X; Anti-Clockwise
torsion due to EQ
5 EZTP (Torsion) Z; Clockwise
torsion due to EQ
6 EZTN (-Torsion) +Z; Anti-Clockwise
torsion due to EQ
EXTP: EQ load in X direction with torsion positive
EXTN: EQ load in X direction with torsion negative
EZTP: EQ load in Z direction with torsion positive
EZTN: EQ load in Z direction with torsion negative.
1.7. Load Combinations
As per IS 1893 (Part 1): 2002 Clause no. 6.3.1.2,
the Iollowing load cases have to be considered Ior
analysis:
1.5 (DL IL)
1.2 (DL IL EL)
1.5 (DL EL)
0.9 DL 1.5 EL
Earthquake load must be considered Ior X, -X,
Z and Z directions. Moreover, accidental
eccentricity can be such that it causes clockwise
or anticlockwise moments. Thus, EL above
implies 8 cases, and in all, 25 cases as per Table 3
must be considered. It is possible to reduce the
load combinations to 13 instead oI 25 by not
using negative torsion considering the symmetry
oI the building. Since large amount oI data is
diIIicult to handle manually, all 25-load
combinations are analysed using soItware.
For design oI various building elements (beams or
columns), the design data may be collected Irom
computer output. Important design Iorces Ior
selected beams will be tabulated and shown
diagrammatically where needed. . In load
combinations involving Imposed Loads (IL), IS
1893 (Part 1): 2002 recommends 50 oI the
imposed load to be considered Ior seismic weight
calculations. However, the authors are oI the
opinion that the relaxation in the imposed load is
unconservative. This example thereIore, considers
100 imposed loads in load combinations.
For above load combinations, analysis is
perIormed and results oI deIlections in each
storey and Iorces in various elements are
obtained.
Table 3 Load Combinations Used for Design
No. Load combination
1 1.5 (DL IL)
2 1.2 (DL IL EXTP)
3 1.2 (DL IL EXTN)
4 1.2 (DL IL EXTP)
5 1.2 (DL IL EXTN)
6 1.2 (DL IL EZTP)
7 1.2 (DL IL EZTN)
8 1.2 (DL IL EZTP)
9 1.2 (DL IL EZTN)
10 1.5 (DL EXTP)
11 1.5 (DL EXTN)
12 1.5 (DL EXTP)
13 1.5 (DL EXTN)
14 1.5 (DL EZTP)
15 1.5 (DL EZTN)
16 1.5 (DL EZTP)
17 1.5 (DL EZTN)
18 0.9 DL 1.5 EXTP
19 0.9 DL 1.5 EXTN
20 0.9 DL - 1.5 EXTP
21 0.9 DL - 1.5 EXTN
22 0.9 DL 1.5 EZTP
23 0.9 DL 1.5 EZTN
24 0.9 DL - 1.5 EZTP
25 0.9 DL - 1.5 EZTN
1.8. Storey Drift
As per Clause no. 7.11.1 oI IS 1893 (Part 1):
2002, the storey driIt in any storey due to
speciIied design lateral Iorce with partial load
Iactor oI 1.0, shall not exceed 0.004 times the
storey height. From the Irame analysis the
displacements oI the mass centres oI various
Iloors are obtained and are shown in Table 4
along with storey driIt.
Since the building conIiguration is same in
both the directions, the displacement values
are same in either direction.
Table 4 Storey Drift Calculations
Storey Displacement
(mm)
Storey
driIt
(mm)
7 (FiIth Iloor) 79.43 7.23
6 (Fourth Iloor) 72.20 12.19
5 (Third Iloor) 60.01 15.68
4 (Second Iloor) 44.33 17.58
3 (First Iloor) 26.75 17.26
2 (Ground Iloor) 9.49 9.08
1 (Below plinth) 0.41 0.41
0 (Footing top) 0 0

Maximum driIt is Ior Iourth storey 17.58 mm.
Maximum driIt permitted 0.004 x 5000 20
mm. Hence, ok.
Sometimes it may so happen that the requirement
oI storey driIt is not satisIied. However, as per
Clause 7.11.1, IS: 1893 (Part 1): 2002; 'For the
purpose oI displacement requirements only, it is
permissible to use seismic Iorce obtained Irom the
computed Iundamental period (T ) oI the building
without the lower bound limit on design seismic
Iorce. In such cases one may check storey driIts
by using the relatively lower magnitude seismic
Iorces obtained Irom a dynamic analysis.
1.9. Stability Indices
It is necessary to check the stability
indices as per Annex E oI IS 456:2000 Ior all
storeys to classiIy the columns in a given storey
as non-sway or sway columns. Using data Irom
Table 1 and Table 4, the stability indices are
evaluated as shown in Table 5. The stability index
Q
si
oI a storey is given by
Q
si

s u
u u
h H
P

Where
Q
si
stability index oI i
th
storey
u
P sum oI axial loads on all columns in
the i
th
storey
u
elastically computed Iirst order
lateral deIlection
H
u
total lateral Iorce acting within the
storey
h
s
height oI the storey.

As per IS 456:2000, the column is classiIied as
non-sway iI Q
si
0.04, otherwise, it is a sway
column. It may be noted that both sway and non-
sway columns are unbraced columns. For braced
columns, Q 0.


Table 5 Stability Indices of Different Storeys

1.10. Design of Selected Beams
The design oI one oI the exterior beam
B2001-B2002-B2003 at level 2 along X-
direction is illustrated here.
1.1.1. Ceneral requirements
The Ilexural members shall IulIil the Iollowing
general requirements.
(IS 13920; Clause 6.1.2)
3 . 0
D
b

Here 3 . 0 5 . 0
600
300
D
b
> = =
Hence, ok.
(IS 13920; Clause 6.1.3)
mm 200 b
Here mm 200 mm 300 b =
Hence, ok.
(IS 13920; Clause 6.1.4)

4
L
D
c

Here, L
c
7500 500 7000 mm
mm
4
7000
mm 600 D < =
Hence, ok.
1.1.2. Bending Moments and Shear Forces
The end moments and end shears Ior six basic
load cases obtained Irom computer analysis are
given in Tables 6 and 7. Since earthquake load
along Z-direction (EZTP and EZTN) induces very
small moments and shears in these beams oriented
along the X-direction, the same can be neglected
Irom load combinations. Load combinations 6 to
9, 14 to 17, and 22 to 25 are thus not considered
Ior these beams. Also, the eIIect oI positive
torsion (due to accidental eccentricity) Ior these
beams will be more than that oI negative torsion.
Hence, the combinations 3, 5, 11, 13, 19 and 21
will not be considered in design. Thus, the
combinations to be used Ior the design oI these
beams are 1, 2, 4, 10, 12, 18 and 20.
The soItware employed Ior analysis will however,
check all the combinations Ior the design
moments and shears. The end moments and end
shears Ior these seven load combinations are
given in Tables 8 and 9. Highlighted numbers in
these tables indicate maximum values.
Storey
Storey
sei smi c
wei ght
W
i
(kN)
Axial load
P
u
W
i
,
(kN)
u

(mm)
Lateral
load
H
u
J
i

(kN)
H
s

(mm)
Q
si

s u
h H
u u
P

ClassiIication
7 5 597 5 597 7.23 480 5 000 0.0169 No-sway
6 6 381 11 978 12.19 860 5 000 0.0340 No-sway
5 6 381 18 359 15.68 1 104 5 000 0.0521 Sway
4 6 381 24 740 17.58 1 242 5 000 0.0700 Sway
3 6 381 31 121 17.26 1 304 5 000 0.0824 Sway
2 6 138 37 259 9.08 1 320 4 100 0.0625 Sway
1 2 027 39 286 0.41 1 320 1 100 0.0111 No-sway

From the results oI computer analysis, moment
envelopes Ior B2001 and B2002 are drawn in
Figures 4 (a) and 4 (b) Ior various load
combinations, viz., the combinations 1, 2,
4,10,12,18 and 20. Design moments and shears at
various locations Ior beams B2001-B2002B2003
are given in Table 10.
To get an overall idea oI design moments in
beams at various Iloors, the design moments and
shears Ior all beams in Irame A-A are given in
Tables 11 and 12. It may be noted that values oI
level 2 in Tables 11 and 12 are given in table 10.

Table 6 End Moments (kNm) for Six Basic Load Cases
Load
case
B2001 B2002 B2003 S.No.
LeIt Right LeIt Right LeIt Right
1 (DL) 117.95 -157.95 188.96 -188.96 157.95 -117.95
2 (IL/LL) 18.18 -29.85 58.81 -58.81 29.85 -18.18
3 (EXTP) -239.75 -215.88 -197.41 -197.40 -215.90 -239.78
4 (EXTN) -200.03 -180.19 -164.83 -164.83 -180.20 -200.05
5 (EZTP) -18.28 -17.25 -16.32 -16.20 -18.38 -21.37
6 (EZTN) 19.39 16.61 14.58 14.70 15.47 16.31

Sign convention: Anti-clockwise moment (); Clockwise moment (-)

Table 7 End Shears (kN) For Six Basic Load Cases
Load case B2001 B2002 B2003 S.No.
1 (DL) 109.04 119.71 140.07 140.07 119.71 109.04
2 (IL/LL) 17.19 20.31 37.5 37.5 20.31 17.19
3 (EXTP) -60.75 60.75 -52.64 52.64 -60.76 60.76
4 (EXTN) -50.70 50.70 -43.95 43.95 -50.70 50.70
5 (EZTP) -4.74 4.74 -4.34 4.34 -5.30 5.30
6 (EZTN) 4.80 -4.80 3.90 -3.90 4.24 -4.24

Sign convention: () Upward Iorce; (--) Downward Iorce


Table 8 Factored End Moments (kN-m) for Load Combinations
Load combination B2001 B2002 B2003 Combn
No:
1 |1.5(DLIL)| 204.21 -281.71 371.66 -371.66 281.71 -204.21
2 |1.2(DLILEXTP)| -124.34 -484.43 60.44 -534.21 -33.71 -451.10
4 |1.2(DLIL-EXTP)| 451.07 33.69 534.21 -60.44 484.45 124.37
10 |1.5(DLEXTP)| -182.69 -560.76 -12.66 -579.55 -86.91 -536.60
12 |1.5(DL-EXTP)| 536.56 86.90 579.55 12.66 560.78 182.73
18 |0.9DL1.5EXTP| -253.47 -465.99 -126.04 -466.18 -181.69 -465.82
20 |0.9DL-1.5EXTP| 465.79 181.67 466.18 126.04 466.00 253.51
Sign convention: () Anti-clockwise moment; (--) Clockwise moment

Table 9 Factored End Shears (kN) for Load Combinations
Load combination B2001 B2002 B2003 Combn
No:
1 |1.5(DLIL)| 189.35 210.02 266.36 266.36 210.02 189.35
2 |1.2(DLILEXTP)| 78.58 240.92 149.92 276.26 95.11 224.39
4 |1.2(DLIL-EXTP)| 224.38 95.12 276.26 149.92 240.93 78.57
10 |1.5(DLEXTP)| 72.44 270.69 131.15 289.07 88.43 254.70
12 |1.5(DL-EXTP)| 254.69 88.44 289.07 131.15 270.70 72.43
18 |0.9DL1.5EXTP| 7.01 198.86 47.11 205.03 16.60 189.27
20 |0.9DL-1.5EXTP| 189.26 16.61 205.03 47.11 198.87 7.00
Sign convention: () Upward Iorce; (--) Downward Iorce


-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
Distance in mm
M
o
m
e
n
t
s

i
n

K
N
m
Hogging Moment Envelope
1
10
2
4
18
12
Sagging Moment Envelope
20

Note: 1, 2, 4,10,12,18 and 20 denote the moment envelopes Ior respective load combinations.
Figure 4(a) Moments Envelopes for Beam 2001

-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000
Distance in mm
Sagging Moment Envelope
Hogging Moment Envelope
1
12
4
2
18
20
10
Note: 1, 2, 4,10,12,18 and 20 denote the moment envelopes Ior respective load combinations
Figure 4(b) Moment Envelopes for Beam 2002

Table 10 Design Moments and Shears at Various Locations
Beam B2001 B2002 B2003
Distance Irom
leIt end (mm)
Moment
(kNm)
Shear
(kN)
Moment
(kNm)
Shear
(kN)
Moment
(kNm)
Shear
(kN)
0

-537
253
255 -580
126
289 -561
182
271
625 -386
252
226 -407
151
265 -401
188
242
1250 -254
241
198 -249
167
240 -258
181
214
1875 -159
238
169 -123
190
218 -141
172
185
2500 -78
221
140 -27
218
198 -55
165
156
3125 -8
186
112 0
195
103 0
140
128
3750 0
130
-99 0
202
79 0
130
99
4375 0
140
-128 0
195
-103 -8
186
-112
5000 -55
165
-156 -27
218
-128 -78
221
-140
5625 -141
172
-185 -123
190
-218 -159
238
-169
6250 -258
181
-214 -249
167
-240 -254
241
-198
6875 -401
187
-242 -407
151
-265 -386
253
-226
7500 -561
182
-271 -580
126
-290 -537
254
-255


Table 11 Design Factored Moments (kNm) for Beams in Frame AA
Level External Span (Beam B
1)
Internal Span (B
2
)
0 1250 2500 3750 5000 6250 7500 0 1250 2500 3750
190 71 11 0 3 86 221 290 91 0 0 7 (-)
()
47 69 87 67 54 33 2 0 39 145 149
411 167 29 0 12 162 414 479 182 0 0 6 (-)
()
101 137 164 133 134 106 65 25 99 190 203
512 237 67 0 41 226 512 559 235 20 0 5 (-)
()
207 209 202 132 159 164 155 107 154 213 204
574 279 90 0 60 267 575 611 270 37 0 4 (-)
()
274 255 227 131 176 202 213 159 189 230 200
596 294 99 0 68 285 602 629 281 43 0 3 (-)
()
303 274 238 132 182 215 234 175 199 235 202
537 254 78 0 55 259 561 580 249 27 0 2 (-)
()
253 241 221 130 165 181 182 126 167 218 202
250 90 3 0 4 98 264 259 97 5 0 1 (-)
()
24 63 94 81 87 55 13 10 55 86 76

Table 12 Design Factored Shears (kN) for Beams in Frame AA
Level External Span (Beam B
1
) Internal Span (B
2
)
0 1250 2500 3750 5000 6250 7500 0 1250 2500 3750
7-7 110 79 49 -31 -61 -92 -123 168 150 133 -23
6-6 223 166 109 52 -116 -173 -230 266 216 177 52
5-5 249 191 134 77 -143 -200 -257 284 235 194 74
4-4 264 207 150 93 -160 -218 -275 298 247 205 88
3-3 270 213 155 98 -168 -225 -282 302 253 208 92
2-2 255 198 140 -99 -156 -214 -271 289 240 198 79
1-1 149 108 67 -31 -72 -112 -153 150 110 69 -28

1.1.3. Longitudinal Reinforcement
Consider mild exposure and maximum 10 mm
diameter two-legged hoops. Then clear cover to
main reinIorcement is 20 10 30 mm. Assume
25 mm diameter bars at top Iace and 20 mm
diameter bars at bottom Iace. Then, d 532 mm
Ior two layers and 557 mm Ior one layer at top; d
540 mm Ior two layers and 560 mm Ior one
layer at bottom. Also consider d`/d 0.1 Ior all
doubly reinIorced sections.

Design calculations at speciIic sections Ior Ilexure
reinIorcement Ior the member B2001 are shown
in Table 13 and that Ior B2002 are tabulated in
Table 14. In tables 13 and 14, the design moments
at the Iace oI the support, i.e., 250 mm Irom the
centre oI the support are calculated by linear
interpolation between moment at centre and the
moment at 625 mm Irom the centre Irom the table
10. The values oI p
c
and p
t
have been obtained
Irom SP: 16. By symmetry, design oI beam
B2003 is same as that oI B2001. Design bending
moments and required areas oI reinIorcement are
shown in Tables 15 and 16. The underlined steel
areas are due to the minimum steel requirements
as per the code.
Table 17 gives the longitudinal reinIorcement
provided in the beams B2001, B 2002 and B
2003.

Table 13 Flexure Design for B2001
Location
Irom leIt
support
M
u
(kNm)

b
(mm)
d
(mm)
2
bd
u
M

(N/mm
2
)
Type p
t
p
c
A
st

(mm
2
)
A
sc

(mm
2
)
250 -477
253
300
300
532
540
5.62
2.89
D
S
1.86
0.96
0.71
-
2 969
1 555
1 133
-
1 250 -254
241
300
300
532
540
2.99
2.75
S
S
1.00
0.90
-
-
1 596
1 458
-
-
2 500 -78
221
300
300
557
540
0.84
2.53
S
S
0.25
0.81
-
-
418
1 312
-
-
3 750 0
130
300
300
557
560
0
1.38
S
S
0
0.42
-
-
0
706
-
-
5 000 -55
165
300
300
557
540
0.59
1.89
S
S
0.18
0.58
-
-
301
940
-
-
6 250 -258
181
300
300
532
540
3.04
2.07
S
S
1.02
0.65
-
-
1 628
1 053
-
-
7 250 -497
182
300
300
532
540
5.85
2.08
D
S
1.933
0.65
0.782
-
3 085
1 053
1 248
-

D Doubly reinIorced section; S Singly reinIorced section



Table 14 Flexure Design for B2002
Location
Irom leIt
support
M
u
,
(kNm)
b
(mm)
d
(mm)
kNm) (
,
2
bd
u
M

Type p
t
p
c
A
st

(mm
2
)
A
sc

(mm
2
)
250 -511
136
300
300
532
540
6.02
1.55
D
S
1.99
0.466
0.84
-
3 176
755
744
,-
1 250 -249
167
300
300
532
540
2.93
1.91
S
S
0.97
0.59
-
-
1 548
956
-
-
2 500 -27
218
300
300
557
540
0.29
2.49
S
S
0.09
0.80
-
-
150
1 296
-
-
3 750 0
202
300
300
557
560
0
2.15
S
S
0
0.67
-
-
0
1 126
-
-
5 000 -27
218
300
300
557
540
0.29
2.49
S
S
0.09
0.80
-
-
150
1 296
-
-
6 250 -249
167
300
300
532
540
2.93
1.91
S
S
0.97
0.59
-
-
1 548
956
-
-
7 250 -511
136
300
300
532
540
6.02
1.55
D
S
1.99
0.466
0.84
-
3 176
755
744
,-
D Doubly reinIorced section; S Singly reinIorced section
Table 15 Summary of Flexure Design for B2001 and B2003
B2001 A B
Distance Irom leIt (mm) 250 1250 2500 3750 5000 6250 7250
M (-) at top (kNm) 477 254 78 0 55 258 497
EIIective depth d (mm) 532 532 557 557 557 532 532
A
st
, top bars (mm
2
) 2969 1596 486 486 486 1628 3085
A
sc
, bottom bars (mm
2
) 1133 - - - - - 1248
M () at bottom (kNm) 253 241 221 130 165 181 182
EIIective depth d (mm) 540 540 540 560 540 540 540
A
st
, (bottom bars) (mm
2
) 1555 1458 1312 706 940 1053 1053


Table 16 Summary of Flexure Design for B2002
B2002 B C
Distance Irom leIt (mm) 250 1250 2500 3750 5000 6250 7250
M (-), at top (kNm) 511 249 27 0 27 249 511
EIIective depth d, (mm) 532 532 557 557 557 532 532
A
st
, top bars (mm
2
) 3176 1548 486 486 486 1548 3176
A
sc
, bottom bars (mm
2
) 744 - - - - - 744
M () at bottom (kNm) 136 167 218 202 218 167 136
EIIective depth d, (mm) 540 540 540 560 540 540 540
A
st
, (bottom bars) (mm
2
) 755 956 1296 1126 1296 956 755


At A and D, as per requirement oI Table 14, 5-20 # bars are suIIicient as bottom bars, though the area oI the
compression reinIorcement then will not be equal to 50 oI the tension steel as required by Clause 6.2.3 oI
IS 13920:1993. ThereIore, at A and D, 6-20 # are provided at bottom. The designed section is detailed in
Figure.6. The top bars at supports are extended in the spans Ior a distance oI (l /3) 2500 mm.
L o c a t i o n s I o r c u r t a i l m e n t
B 2 0 0 2 B 2 0 0 1
2 5 0 0 2 5 0 0 2 5 0 0
A F H B K
B 2 0 0 3
2 5 0 0 2 5 0 0 2 5 0 0
K ' C H ' F ' D

Figure 5 Critical Sections for the Beams

Table 17: Summary of longitudinal reinforcement provided in beams
B2001 and B2003
At A and D
(External supports)
Top bars

Bottom bars
7 25 #, A
st
3437 mm
2
, with 250 mm (10 d
b
)
internal radius at bend, where d
b
is the diameter
oI the bar
6 20 #, A
st
1884 mm
2
, with 200 mm (10 d
b
)
internal radius at bend)
At Centre Top bars
Bottom bars
2- 25 #, A
st
982 mm
2

5 20 #, A
st
1570 mm
2

At B and C
(Internal supports)
Top bars
Bottom bars
7- 25 # , A
st
3437 mm
2

6 20 #, A
st
1884 mm
2

B2002
At Centre Top bars
Bottom bars
2- 25 #, A
st
982 mm
2

5 20 #, A
st
1570 mm
2


Details oI beams B2001 - B2002 - B2003
2-25 # 5-25 # extra
2500
8 8 Rest 9 No
Maximum 10 # hoops
assume 25 #
Column bars
275
40
(c) Column section
20 25
20
25 (3/4)
25
25
3/4 1
2
SPA 130
(d) Bar bending details in raw1 (Top bars)
280 90
25 135
200 160
central r 262.5
r 250 mm
Elevation
160
2-25 # 5-25 # extra
6-20 #
Dia
1010
12 #
2
4
3
1260
1
2500
250 250
12 #
B2001 (300 600)
12 #
A
7500 c/c
12 #
5-20 #
A
2-25 #
Rest 22 9 Stirrups
140
(d) Bar bending details in raw 2 (Bottom bars)
140200
20
130
r 200
central r 210
110 130
Section B- B
300 100
100
500
2-25 #
5-20 #
12 # 12 #
6-20 #
B2002 (300 600)
12 #
6-20 #
7500 c/c
2500
Section A - A
500
300 100
100

Figure 6 Details of Beams B2001, B2002 and B2003

1.1.3.1. Check for reinforcement
(IS 13920; Clause 6.2.1)
1.1.3.2.(a) Minimum two bars should be
continuous at top and bottom.
Here, 225 mm # (982 mm
2
) are continuous
throughout at top; and 520 mm # (1 570 mm
2
)
are continuous throughout at bottom. Hence, ok.
(b)
415
25 24 . 0
24 . 0
min ,
= =
v
ck
t
f
f
p
0.00289, i.e., 0.289.
2
min ,
mm 486 560 300
100
289 . 0
= =
st
A
Provided reinIorcement is more. Hence, ok.
(IS 13920; Clause 6.2.2)
Maximum steel ratio on any Iace at any section
should not exceed 2.5, i.e.,
. 5 . 2
max
= p
2
max ,
3990 532 300
100
5 . 2
mm A
st
= =
Provided reinIorcement is less. Hence ok.
(IS 13920; Clause 6.2.3)
The positive steel at a joint Iace must be at least
equal to halI the negative steel at that Iace.
Joint A
HalI the negative steel
2
3437
1718 mm
2

Positive steel 1884 mm
2
~ 1718 mm
2

Hence, ok.

Joint B
HalI the negative steel
2
3437
1718 mm
2

Positive steel 1 884 mm
2
~ 1 718 mm
2

Hence, ok.

(IS 13920; Clause 6.2.4)
Along the length oI the beam,
A
st
at top or bottom _ 0.25 A
st
at top at joint A
or B
A
st
at top or bottom _ 0.25 3 437
_ 859 mm
2

Hence, ok.


(IS 13920; Clause 6.2.5)
At external joint, anchorage oI top and bottom
bars L
d
in tension 10 d
b
.
L
d
oI Fe 415 steel in M25 concrete 40.3 d
b

Here, minimum anchorage 40.3 d
b
10 d
b

50.3 d
b.

The bars must extend 50.3 d
b
(i.e. 50.3 x 25 1
258 mm, say 1 260 mm Ior 25 mm diameter bars
and 50.3 x 20 1 006 mm, say 1 010 mm Ior 20
mm diameter bars) into the column.
At internal joint, both Iace bars oI the beam shall
be taken continuously through the column.

1.1.4. Web reinforcements
Vertical hoops (IS: 13920:1993, Clause 3.4 and
Clause 6.3.1) shall be used as shear
reinIorcement.

Hoop diameter _ 6 mm
_ 8 mm iI clear span exceeds 5 m.
(IS 13920:1993; Clause 6.3.2)

Here, clear span 7.5 0.5 7.0 m.
Use 8 mm (or more) diameter two-legged hoops.

The moment capacities as calculated in Table 18
at the supports Ior beam B2001 and B2003 are:
321 kNm
= 321 kNm
Bs
M
u
=
568 kNm
Ah
M
u
= kNm 568 =
Bh
u
M
The moment capacities as calculated in Table 18
at the supports Ior beam B2002 are:

321 kNm
= 321 kNm
Bs
M
u
=
585 kNm
Ah
M
u
= 585 kNm
Bh
M
u
=
1.2 (DLLL) Ior U.D.L. load on beam B2001 and
B2003.
1.2 (30.5 5) 42.6 kN/m.
1.2 (DLLL) Ior U.D.L. load on beam B2002
1.2 (26.1 0) 31.3 kN/m.
1.2 (DLLL) Ior two point loads at third points on
beam B2002
1.2 (42.237.5) 95.6 kN.
The loads are inclusive oI selI-weights.
For beam B2001 and B2003:
kN. J J
L D
b
L D
a
7 . 159 6 . 42 5 . 7 5 . 0 = = =
+ +

For beam 2002:
kN. 213 6 . 95 3 . 31 5 . 7 5 . 0 = + = =
+ + L D
b
L D
a
J J


Beam B2001 and B2003:
Sway to right

5 . 7
568 321
4 . 1
lim , lim ,
1.4
,
+
=
+
+
=
L D
a
J
AB
L
Bh
u
M
As
u
M
L D
a
J
a u
J

kN 3 . 6 166 159.7 = =
kN 7 . 325 166 159.7
,
= + =
b u
J .
Sway to leIt
,lim ,lim
1.4
,
568 321
159.7 1.4
7.5

-

Ah Bs
M M
u u D L
V V
u a a
L
AB
+
+
=
+
=

kN 7 . 325 166 159.7 = + =
kN 3 . 6 166 7 . 159
,
= =
b u
J
Maximum design shear at A and B 325.7 kN,
say 326 kN
Beam shears due to plastic hinge Iormation
Beam B2001 and B2003
(iv) Design S.F.diagram
166
(iii) Sway to leIt
(ii) Sway to right
(i) 1.2 (D L)
S.F.diagram
166 kN
S.F.diagram
169.1 kN
S.F.diagram
Loding
7.5 m
42.6 kN/m
325.7 kN
272.4
219.2
159.7 kN
159.7 kN
A
272.4
219.2
166
325.7 kN
159.7 kN
159.7 kN
B

Figure 7 Beam Shears due to Plastic
Hinge Formation for Beams B2002
and B2003


Beam 2002

Sway to right

5 . 7
568 321
4 . 1
lim , lim ,
1.4
,
+
=
+
+
=
L D
a
J
AB
L
Bh
u
M
As
u
M
L D
a
J
a u
J

kN 47 166 213 = =

kN 379 166 213
,
= + =
b u
J .

Sway to leIt
kN 379 166 213
,
= + =
a u
J
kN 47 166 213
,
= =
b u
J
Maximum design shear at A 379 kN.

Maximum design shear at B 379 kN.

B
2.5 m
39.1
213 kN
213 kN
127
31.4
340
301
208.3
379
2.5 m
39.1
A
213 kN
213 kN
301
340
208.3
127
31.4
379 kN
Beam 2002
(iv) Design S.F.diagram
166
(iii) Sway to leIt
S.F.diagram
166 kN
(ii) Sway to right
166 kN
S.F.diagram
(i) 1.2 (D L)
S.F.diagram
Loding
2.5 m
7.5 m
31.3 kN/m
134.7 kN
134.7 kN
166
95.6 kN 95.6 kN

Figure 8 Beam Shears due to Plastic
Hinge Formation for Beam B 2002

Maximum shear Iorces Ior various cases Irom
analysis are shown in Table 19(a). The shear Iorce
to be resisted by vertical hoops shall be greater oI:
i) Calculated Iactored shear Iorce as per analysis.
ii) Shear Iorce due to Iormation oI plastic hinges
at both ends oI the beam plus the Iactored
gravity load on the span.
The design shears Ior the beams B2001 and
B2002 are summarized in Table 19.
As per Clause 6.3.5 oI IS 13920:1993,the Iirst
stirrup shall be within 50 mm Irom the joint Iace.
Spacing, s, oI hoops within 2 d (2 x 532 1064
mm) Irom the support shall not exceed:
(a) d/4 133 mm
(b) 8 times diameter oI the smallest
longitudinal bar 8 x 20 160 mm
Hence, spacing oI 133 mm c/c governs.
Elsewhere in the span, spacing,
mm. 266
2
532
2
= =
d
s
Maximum nominal shear stress in the beam

2 2
3
mm / N 3.1 N/mm 37 . 2
532 300
10 379
< =
=
c

(
c,max
, Ior M25 mix)
The proposed provision oI two-legged hoops and
corresponding shear capacities oI the sections are
presented in Table 20.



Table 18 Calculations of Moment Capacities at Supports
All sections are rectangular.
For all sections: b 300 mm, d 532 mm, d`60 mm, d`/d 0.113
f
sc
353 N/mm
2
, x
u,max
0.48d 255.3 mm.

(kNm)
(kNm)
Bs
M
u
(kN-m)
Bh
M
u
(kN-m)
Top bars 7-25 # 3 437
mm
2

7-25 # 3 437
mm
2

7-25 # 3 437
mm
2

7-25 # 3 437
mm
2

Bottom bars 6-20 # 1 884
mm
2

6-20 # 1 884
mm
2

6-20 # 1 884
mm
2

6-20 # 1 884
mm
2

A
st
(mm
2
) 1 884 3 437 1 884 3 437
A
sc
(mm
2
) 3 437 1 884 3 437 1 884
C
1
0.36 f
ck
b x
u

A x
u

2 700 x
u
2 700 x
u
2 700 x
u
2 700 x
u

C
2
A
sc
f
sc
(kN) 1 213.2 665 1 213.2 665
T 0.87 f
y
A
st
(kN) 680.2 1 240.9 680.2 1 240.9
x
u
(T-C
2
) /A Negative
i.e. x
u
d'
Under-reinIorced
213.3
x
u
x
u,max

Under-reinIorced
Negative
i.e. x
u
d'
Under-reinIorced
213.3
x
u
x
u,max

Under-reinIorced
M
uc1
(0.36f
ck
b x
u
)
(d-0.42x
u
)
- 254 - 254
M
uc2
A
sc
f
sc
(d-d') - 314 - 314
M
u
0.87f
y
A
st

(d-d')
321.06 321.06
M
u
M
u1
M
u2
,
(kNm)
321 568 321 568

Table 179 (a) Design Shears for Beam B2001 and B2003
B2001
B2003
A B
D C
Distance (mm) 0 1 250 2 500 3 750 5 000 6 250 7 500
Shear Irom analysis
(kN)
255 198 140 -99 -156 -214 -271
Shear due to yielding
(kN)
326 272 219 166 -219 -272 -326
Design shears 326 272 219 166 -219 -272 -326

Table 19 (b) Design Shears for Beam B2002
B2002 C D
Distance (mm) 0 1 250 2 500 3 750 5 000 6 250 7 500
Shear (kN) 281 240 198 -79 -198 -240 -289
Shear due to yielding
(kN)
379 340 301 166 -301 -340 -379
Design shears 379 340 301 166 -301 -340 -379



Table 20 Provisions of Two-Legged Hoops and Calculation of Shear Capacities
(a) Provision of two-legged hoops

B2001 and B2003 (by symmetry) B2002
Distance
(m)
0-1.25 1.25-2.5 2.5-5.0 5.0-6.25 6.25-7.5 0-2.5 2.5-5.0 5.0-7.5
Diameter
(mm)
12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
Spacing
(mm)
130 160 200 160 130 110 130 110
(b)Calculation of Shear Capacities
B2001 and B2003 (by symmetry) B2002
Distance
(m)
0-1.25 1.25-2.5 2.5-5.0 5.0-6.25 6.25-7.5 0-2.5 2.5-5.0 5.0-7.5
V
u
(kN) 326 272 219 272 326 379 301 379
B x d
(mm)
300 x
532
300 x
540
300 x
540
300 x
540
300 x
532
300 x
532
300 x
540
300 x
532
V
us
/d
(N/mm)
628.6 510.4 408.3 510.4 628.6 742.4 628.6 742.4
V
us

(kN)
334.4 275.6 220.4 275.6 334.4 395 334.4 395
Note: The shear resistance oI concrete is neglected.
The designed beam is detailed in Figure 6.
1.11.Design of Selected Columns
Here, design oI column C2 oI external Irame AA
is illustrated. BeIore proceeding to the actual
design calculations, it will be appropriate to
brieIly discuss the salient points oI column design
and detailing.
Design:
The column section shall be designed just above
and just below the beam column joint, and larger
oI the two reinIorcements shall be adopted. This
is similar to what is done Ior design oI continuous
beam reinIorcements at the support. The end
moments and end shears are available Irom
computer analysis. The design moment should
include:
(a) The additional moment iI any, due to long
column eIIect as per clause 39.7 oI IS 456:2000.
(b) The moments due to minimum eccentricity as
per clause 25.4 oI IS 456:2000.
All columns are subjected to biaxial moments and
biaxial shears.
The longitudinal reinIorcements are designed Ior
axial Iorce and biaxial moment as per IS: 456.
Since the analysis is carried out considering
centre-line dimensions, it is necessary to calculate
the moments at the top or at the bottom Iaces oI
the beam intersecting the column Ior economy.
Noting that the B.M. diagram oI any column is
linear, assume that the points oI contraIlexure lie
at 0.6 h Irom the top or bottom as the case may
be; where h is the height oI the column. Then
obtain the column moment at the Iace oI the beam
by similar triangles. This will not be applicable to
columns oI storey 1 since they do not have points
oI contraIlexure.

ReIerring to Iigure 9, iI M
C
is the centre-line
moment in the column obtained by analysis, its
moment at the beam Iace will be:
0.9 M
C
Ior columns oI 3 to 7
th
storeys, and
0.878 M
C
Ior columns oI storey 2.

Figure 9 Determining moments in the column
at the face of the beam.

Critical load combination may be obtained by
inspection oI analysis results. In the present
example, the building is symmetrical and all
columns are oI square section. To obtain a trial
section, the Iollowing procedure may be used:
Let a rectangular column oI size b x D be
subjected to P
u
, M
ux
(moment about major axis)
and M
uz
(moment about minor axis). The trial
section is obtained Ior axial load and a
combination oI moments about the minor and
major axis.
For the trial section
u u
P P =
'
and
ux u: u:
M
D
b
M M + =
'
.
Determine trial reinIorcement Ior all or a Iew
predominant (may be 5 to 8) combinations and
arrive at a trial section.
It may be emphasized that t is necessary to check
the trial section Ior all combinations oI loads since
it is rather diIIicult to judge the governing
combination by visual inspection.
Detailing:
Detailing oI reinIorcement as obtained above is
discussed in context with Figure 10. Figure 10(a)
shows the reinIorcement area as obtained above at
various column-Iloor joints Ior lower and upper
column length. The areas shown in this Iigure are
Iictitious and used Ior explanation purpose only.
The area required at the beam-column joint shall
have the larger oI the two values, viz., Ior upper
length and lower length. Accordingly the areas
required at the joint are shown in Figure. 10 (b).
Since laps can be provided only in the central halI
oI the column, the column length Ior the purpose
oI detailing will be Irom the centre oI the lower
column to the centre oI the upper column. This
length will be known by the designation oI the
lower column as indicated in Figure 9(b).
It may be noted that analysis results may be such
that the column may require larger amounts oI
reinIorcement in an upper storey as compared to
the lower storey. This may appear odd but should
be acceptable.
1.11.1. Effective length calculations:
EIIective length calculations are perIormed in
accordance with Clause 25.2 and Annex E oI IS
456:2000.
Stiffness factor
StiIIness Iactors ( I / l ) are calculated in Table 21.
Since lengths oI the members about both the
bending axes are the same, the suIIix speciIying
the directions is dropped.
EIIective lengths oI the selected columns are
calculated in Table 22 and Table 23.

0.9 M
D
0.878 M
C
M
C
M
D

Figure 10 Description of procedure to assume
reinforcement in a typical column

Table 21 Stiffness factors for Selected
Members
Member Size
(mm)
I
(mm
4
)
l
(mm)
StiIIness
Factor
(I/l)x10
-3

All Beams 300 x
600
5.4 x
10
9

7 500 720
Columns
C101,
C102
600 x
600
1.08 x
10
10

1 100 9 818
C201,
C202
500 x
500
5.2 x
10
9

4 100 1 268
C301,
C302
500 x
500
5.2 x
10
9

5 000 1 040
C401,
C402
500x
500
5.2 x
10
9

5 000 1 040

C2 C2
D
R
A
I
T

D
c
s
i
g
n

|
x
a
n
p
|
c

c
f

a

8
u
i
|
d
i
n
g

|
|
T
K
-
G
S
D
M
A
-
|
Q
2
6
-
V
2
.
0

P
a
g
c

3
7

T
a
b
l
e

2
2

E
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e

L
e
n
g
t
h
s

o
f

C
o
l
u
m
n
s

1
0
1
,

2
0
1

a
n
d

3
0
1

K
c

U
p
p
e
r

j
o
i
n
t

L
o
w
e
r

j
o
i
n
t

2

l
e
I
/
L

l
e
I

T
y
p
e

C
o
l
u
m
n

n
o
.

U
n
s
u
p
p
.

L
e
n
g
t
h

K
c
K
b

K
c
K
b

l
e
I
/
b

o
r

l
e
I
/
D

A
b
o
u
t

Z

(
E
Q

I
n

X

d
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
)

1
0
1

(
N
o
n
-
s
w
a
y
)

8
0
0

9

8
1
8

9

8
1
8

1

2
6
8

7
2
0

1
1

8
0
6

I
n
I
i
n
i
t
e

0
.
8
3
2

0

0
.
6
7

5
3
6

1
.
0
7

P
e
d
e
s
t
a
l

2
0
1

(
S
w
a
y
)

3

5
0
0

1

2
6
8

1

0
4
0

1

2
6
8

7
2
0

3

0
2
8

9

8
1
8
1

2
6
8
7
2
0

1
1

8
0
6

0
.
4
1
8

0
.
1
0
7

1
.
2
2

_
1
.
2

4

2
7
0

8
.
5
4

S
h
o
r
t

3
0
1

(
S
w
a
y
)

4

4
0
0

1

0
4
0

1

0
4
0

1

0
4
0

7
2
0

2

8
0
0

1

0
4
0

1

2
6
8

7
2
0

3

0
2
8

0
.
3
7
1

0
.
3
4
1

1
.
2
8

_
1
.
2

5

6
3
2

1
1
.
2
6

S
h
o
r
t

A
b
o
u
t

X

(
E
Q

I
n

Z

d
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
)

1
0
1

(
N
o
-
s
w
a
y
)

8
0
0

9

8
1
8

9

8
1
8

1

2
6
8

7
2
0

1
1

8
0
6

I
n
I
i
n
i
t
e

0
.
8
3
2

0

0
.
6
7

5
3
6

1
.
0
7

P
e
d
e
s
t
a
l

2
0
1

(
S
w
a
y
)

3

5
0
0

1

2
6
8

1

0
4
0

1

2
6
8

7
2
0

3

0
2
8

9

8
1
8

1

2
6
8

7
2
0

1
1

8
0
6

0
.
4
1
8

0
.
1
0
7

1
.
2
2

_
1
.
2

4

2
7
0

8
.
5
4

S
h
o
r
t

3
0
1

(
S
w
a
y
)

4

4
0
0

1

0
4
0

1

0
4
0

1

0
4
0

7
2
0

2

8
0
0

1

0
4
0

1

2
6
8

7
2
0

3

0
2
8

0
.
3
7
1

0
.
3
4
1

1
.
2
8

_
1
.
2

5

6
3
2

1
1
.
2
6

S
h
o
r
t

D
R
A
I
T

D
c
s
i
g
n

|
x
a
n
p
|
c

c
f

a

8
u
i
|
d
i
n
g

|
|
T
K
-
G
S
D
M
A
-
|
Q
2
6
-
V
2
.
0

P
a
g
c

3
8

T
a
b
l
e

2
3

E
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e

L
e
n
g
t
h
s

o
f

C
o
l
u
m
n
s

1
0
2
,

2
0
2

a
n
d

3
0
2

K
c

U
p
p
e
r

j
o
i
n
t

L
o
w
e
r

j
o
i
n
t

2

l
e
I
/
L

l
e
I

T
y
p
e

C
o
l
u
m
n

n
o
.

U
n
s
u
p
p
.

L
e
n
g
t
h

K
c
K
b

K
c
K
b

l
e
I
/
b

o
r

l
e
I
/
D

A
b
o
u
t

Z

(
E
Q

I
n

X

d
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
)

1
0
2

(
N
o
-
s
w
a
y
)

8
0
0

9

8
1
8

9

8
1
8

1

2
6
8

7
2
0

x

2

1
2

5
2
6

I
n
I
i
n
i
t
e

0
.
7
8
4

0

0
.
6
5

5
2
0

1
.
0
4

P
e
d
e
s
t
a
l

2
0
2

(
S
w
a
y
)

3

5
0
0

1

2
6
8

1

0
4
0

1

2
6
8

7
2
0

x

2

3

7
4
8

9

8
1
8

1

2
6
8

7
2
0

x

2

1
2

5
2
6

0
.
3
3
8

0
.
1
0
1

1
.
1
6

H
e
n
c
e

u
s
e

1
.
2

4

2
0
0

8
.
4

S
h
o
r
t

3
0
2

(
S
w
a
y
)

4

4
0
0

1

0
4
0

1

0
4
0

x

2

7
2
0

x

2

3

5
2
0

1

0
4
0

1

2
6
8

7
2
0

x

2

3

7
4
8

0
.
2
9
5

0
.
2
7
7

1
.
2
1

H
e
n
c
e

u
s
e

1
.
2

5

3
2
4

1
0
.
6
5

S
h
o
r
t

A
b
o
u
t

X

(
E
Q

I
n

Z

d
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
)

1
0
2

(
N
o
-
s
w
a
y
)

8
0
0

9

8
1
8

9

8
1
8

1

2
6
8

7
2
0

1
1

8
0
6

I
n
I
i
n
i
t
e

0
.
8
3
2

0

0
.
6
7

5
3
6

1
.
0
7

P
e
d
e
s
t
a
l

2
0
2

(
S
w
a
y
)

3

5
0
0

1

2
6
8

1

0
4
0

1

2
6
8
7
2
0

3

0
2
8

9

8
1
8

1

2
6
8

7
2
0

1
1
,
8
0
6

0
.
4
1
8

0
.
1
0
7

1
.
2
2

H
e
n
c
e

u
s
e

1
.
2

4

2
7
0

8
.
5
4

S
h
o
r
t

3
0
2

(
S
w
a
y
)

4

4
0
0

1

0
4
0

1

0
4
0

1

0
4
0

7
2
0

2

8
0
0

1

0
4
0

1

2
6
8

7
2
0

3

0
2
8

0
.
3
7
1

0
.
3
4
1

1
.
2
8

H
e
n
c
e

u
s
e

1
.
2

5

6
3
2

1
1
.
2
6

S
h
o
r
t


1.11.2. Determination of trial section:
The axial loads and moments Irom computer
analysis Ior the lower length oI column 202 are
shown in Table 24 and those Ior the upper length
oI the column are shown in Table 26.In these
tables, calculations Ior arriving at trial sections are
also given. The calculations are perIormed as
described in Section 1.11.1 and Figure 10.
Since all the column are short, there will not be
any additional moment due to slenderness. The
minimum eccentricity is given by
30 500
min
D L
e + =
(IS 456:2000, Clause 25.4)
For lower height oI column, L 4,100 600
3,500 mm.
mm mm e e
v x
20 66 . 23
30
500
500
3500
min , min ,
> = + = =

e
x,min
e
z,min
23.7 mm.
Similarly, Ior all the columns in Iirst and second
storey, e
x,min
e
y,min
25 mm.
For upper height oI column, L 5,000 600
4,400 mm.

,min ,min
4, 400 500
25.46 20
500 30

e e mm mm = = + = >
For all columns in 3
rd
to 7
th
storey.
e
x,min
e
z,min
25.46 mm.
For column C
2
in all Iloors, i.e., columns C102,
C202, C302, C402, C502, C602 and C702, f
ck

25 N/mm
2
, f
y
415 N/mm
2
, and . 1 . 0
500
50 '
= =
d
d

Calculations oI Table 25 and 27 are based on
uniaxial moment considering steel on two
opposite Iaces and hence, Chart 32 oI SP: 16 is
used Ior determining the trial areas.
ReinIorcement obtained Ior the trial section is
equally distributed on all Iour sides. Then, Chart
44 oI SP: 16 is used Ior checking the column
sections, the results being summarized in Tables
25 and 27.
The trial steel area required Ior section below
joint C oI C202 (Irom Table 25) is p/f
ck
0.105
Ior load combination 1 whereas that Ior section
above joint C, (Irom Table 27) is p/f
ck
0.11 Ior
load combination 12.
For lower length, 105 . 0 =
ck
f
p
,
i.e., p 0.105 x 25 2.625, and
. 6562
100
500 500 625 . 2
100
2
mm
pbD
A
sc
=

= =
For upper length, 11 . 0 =
ck
f
p
,
i.e., p 0.11 x 25 2.75, and
. 6875
100
500 500 75 . 2
100
2
mm
pbD
A
sc
=

= =
Trial steel areas required Ior column lengths
C102, C202, C302, etc., can be determined in a
similar manner. The trial steel areas required at
various locations are shown in Figure 10(a). As
described in Section 1.12. the trial reinIorcements
are subsequently selected and provided as shown
in Iigure 11 (b) and Iigure 11 (c). Calculations
shown in Tables 25 and 27 Ior checking the trial
sections are based on provided steel areas.
For example, Ior column C202 (mid-height oI
second storey to the mid-height oI third storey),
provide 8-25 # 8-22 # 6968 mm
2
, equally
distributed on all Iaces.
A
sc
6968 mm
2
, p 2.787, 111 . 0 =
ck
f
p
.
P
uz
|0.45 x 25(500 x 500 6968)
0.75 x 415 x 6968| x 10
-3
4902 kN.
Calculations given in Tables 24 to 27 are selI-
explanatory.

2
6968 mm
8-25 mm #
8-22 mm #
8-25 mm #
D
302
2
6278 mm
2
6968 mm
2
16-25 mm #
7856 mm
C
B
102
2
2
7762 mm
5400 mm
2
C
A
(c) Areas to be used Ior detailing
6875 mm
2
202
8-22 mm #
D
302
202
402
D
302
6278
5230
6875
B
A
102
2
C
202
B
A
102
C
2
6562
7762
5400
3780
(a) Required trial areas
at various locations
C C
(b) Proposed reinIorcement areas
at various joints

Figure 11 Required Area of Steel at Various Sections in Column

D
R
A
I
T

D
c
s
i
g
n

|
x
a
n
p
|
c

c
f

a

8
u
i
|
d
i
n
g

|
|
T
K
-
G
S
D
M
A
-
|
Q
2
6
-
V
2
.
0

P
a
g
c

4
1

T
A
B
L
E

2
4

T
R
I
A
L

S
E
C
T
I
O
N

B
E
L
O
W

1
O
I
N
T

C

C
o
m
b
.

C
e
n
t
r
e
l
i
n
e

m
o
m
e
n
t

M
o
m
e
n
t

a
t

I
a
c
e

C
a
l
.

E
c
c
.
,
m
m

D
e
s
.

E
c
c
.
,
m
m

P
`
u

M
`
u
z

N
o
.

P
u
,

k
N

e
x

e
z

e
d
x

e
d
z

M
u
x
,

k
N
m

M
u
z
,

k
N
m

M
u
x
,

k
N
m

M
u
z
,

k
N
m

M
u
x
,

k
N
m

M
u
z
,

k
N
m

1

4
0
0
2

1
0
7

3
6

9
3
.
9
4
6

3
1
.
6
0
8

2
3
.
4
7

7
.
9
0

2
5
.
0
0

2
5
.
0
0

1
0
0

1
0
0

4
0
0
2

2
0
0

0
.
6
4

0
.
0
6

0
.
1
0
5

2

3
2
5
3

8
9

1
7
9

7
8
.
1
4

1
5
7
.
1
6

2
4
.
0
2

4
8
.
3
1

2
5
.
0
0

4
8
.
3
1

8
1

1
5
7

3
2
5
3

2
3
8

0
.
5
2

0
.
0
8

0
.
0
8
3

3

3
2
2
5

8
3

1
4
5

7
2
.
8
7

1
2
7
.
3
1

2
2
.
6
0

3
9
.
4
8

2
5
.
0
0

3
9
.
4
8

8
1

1
2
7

3
2
2
5

2
0
8

0
.
5
2

0
.
0
7

0
.
0
7
8

4

3
1
5
1

8
2

2
3
8

7
2
.
0
0

2
0
8
.
9
6

2
2
.
8
5

6
6
.
3
2

2
5
.
0
0

6
6
.
3
2

7
9

2
0
9

3
1
5
1

2
8
8

0
.
5
0

0
.
0
9

0
.
0
8
3

5

3
1
7
9

8
8

2
0
3

7
7
.
2
6

1
7
8
.
2
3

2
4
.
3
0

5
6
.
0
7

2
5
.
0
0

5
6
.
0
7

7
9

1
7
8

3
1
7
9

2
5
8

0
.
5
1

0
.
0
8

0
.
0
8

6

2
8
3
3

1
7

1
2

1
4
.
9
3

1
0
.
5
4

5
.
2
7

3
.
7
2

2
5
.
0
0

2
5
.
0
0

7
1

7
1

2
8
3
3

1
4
2

0
.
4
5

0
.
0
5

0
.
0
4
2

7

2
8
0
5

2
3

4
5

2
0
.
1
9

3
9
.
5
1

7
.
2
0

1
4
.
0
9

2
5
.
0
0

2
5
.
0
0

7
0

7
0

2
8
0
5

1
4
0

0
.
4
5

0
.
0
4

0
.
0
3
8

8

3
5
7
1

1
8
9

4
6

1
6
5
.
9
4

4
0
.
3
9

4
6
.
4
7

1
1
.
3
1

4
6
.
4
7

2
5
.
0
0

1
6
6

8
9

3
5
7
1

2
5
5

0
.
5
7

0
.
0
8

0
.
0
9
6

9

3
5
9
8

1
9
5

1
3

1
7
1
.
2
1

1
1
.
4
1

4
7
.
5
8

3
.
1
7

4
7
.
5
8

2
5
.
0
0

1
7
1

9
0

3
5
9
8

2
6
1

0
.
5
8

0
.
0
8

0
.
1

1
0

3
1
5
5

6
5

2
4
2

5
7
.
0
7

2
1
2
.
4
8

1
8
.
0
9

6
7
.
3
5

2
5
.
0
0

6
7
.
3
5

7
9

2
1
2

3
1
5
5

2
9
1

0
.
5
0

0
.
0
9

0
.
0
8
3

1
1

3
1
2
0

5
8

1
9
9

5
0
.
9
2

1
7
4
.
7
2

1
6
.
3
2

5
6
.
0
0

2
5
.
0
0

5
6
.
0
0

7
8

1
7
5

3
1
2
0

2
5
3

0
.
5
0

0
.
0
8

0
.
0
7
9

1
2

3
0
2
7

5
7

2
7
9

5
0
.
0
5

2
4
4
.
9
6

1
6
.
5
3

8
0
.
9
3

2
5
.
0
0

8
0
.
9
3

7
6

2
4
5

3
0
2
7

3
2
1

0
.
4
8

0
.
1
0

0
.
0
9
7

1
3

3
0
6
3

6
5

2
3
6

5
7
.
0
7

2
0
7
.
2
1

1
8
.
6
3

6
7
.
6
5

2
5
.
0
0

6
7
.
6
5

7
7

2
0
7

3
0
6
3

2
8
4

0
.
4
9

0
.
0
9

0
.
0
8
2

1
4

2
6
3
0

6
8

3

5
9
.
7
0

2
.
6
3

2
2
.
7
0

1
.
0
0

2
5
.
0
0

2
5
.
0
0

6
6

6
6

2
6
3
0

1
3
2

0
.
4
2

0
.
0
4

0
.
0
2
4

1
5

2
5
9
6

7
5

3
8

6
5
.
8
5

3
3
.
3
6

2
5
.
3
7

1
2
.
8
5

2
5
.
3
7

2
5
.
0
0

6
6

6
5

2
5
9
6

1
3
1

0
.
4
2

0
.
0
4

0
.
0
2
4

1
6

3
5
5
2

1
9
0

4
0

1
6
6
.
8
2

3
5
.
1
2

4
6
.
9
7

9
.
8
9

4
6
.
9
7

2
5
.
0
0

1
6
7

8
9

3
5
5
2

2
5
6

0
.
5
7

0
.
0
8

0
.
1

1
7

3
5
8
7

1
9
8

1

1
7
3
.
8
4

0
.
8
8

4
8
.
4
7

0
.
2
4

4
8
.
4
7

2
5
.
0
0

1
7
4

9
0

3
5
8
7

2
6
4

0
.
5
7

0
.
0
8

0
.
1

1
8

1
9
1
9

4
1

2
4
9

3
6
.
0
0

2
1
8
.
6
2

1
8
.
7
6

1
1
3
.
9
2

2
5
.
0
0

1
1
3
.
9
2

4
8

2
1
9

1
9
1
9

2
6
7

0
.
3
1

0
.
0
9

0
.
0
4

1
9

1
8
8
3

3
3

2
0
6

2
8
.
9
7

1
8
0
.
8
7

1
5
.
3
9

9
6
.
0
5

2
5
.
0
0

9
6
.
0
5

4
7

1
8
1

1
8
8
3

2
2
8

0
.
3
0

0
.
0
7

0
.
0
2
3

2
0

1
7
9
1

3
3

2
7
2

2
8
.
9
7

2
3
8
.
8
2

1
6
.
1
8

1
3
3
.
3
4

2
5
.
0
0

1
3
3
.
3
4

4
5

2
3
9

1
7
9
1

2
8
4

0
.
2
9

0
.
0
9

0
.
0
3
8

2
1

1
8
2
6

4
0

2
2
9

3
5
.
1
2

2
0
1
.
0
6

1
9
.
2
3

1
1
0
.
1
1

2
5
.
0
0

1
1
0
.
1
1

4
6

2
0
1

1
8
2
6

2
4
7

0
.
2
9

0
.
0
8

0
.
0
3

2
2

1
3
9
4

9
2

1
0

8
0
.
7
8

8
.
7
8

5
7
.
9
5

6
.
3
0

5
7
.
9
5

2
5
.
0
0

8
1

3
5

1
3
9
4

1
1
6

0
.
2
2

0
.
0
4

n
e
g
a
t
i
v
e

2
3

1
3
5
9

1
0
0

3
1

8
7
.
8
0

2
7
.
2
2

6
4
.
6
1

2
0
.
0
3

6
4
.
6
1

2
5
.
0
0

8
8

3
4

1
3
5
9

1
2
2

0
.
2
2

0
.
0
4

n
e
g
a
t
i
v
e

2
4

2
3
1
6

1
6
6

3
2

1
4
5
.
7
5

2
8
.
1
0

6
2
.
9
3

1
2
.
1
3

6
2
.
9
3

2
5
.
0
0

1
4
6

5
8

2
3
1
6

2
0
4

0
.
3
7

0
.
0
7

0
.
0
3
8

2
5

2
3
5
1

1
7
3

9

1
5
1
.
8
9

7
.
9
0

6
4
.
6
1

3
.
3
6

6
4
.
6
1

2
5
.
0
0

1
5
2

5
9

2
3
5
1

2
1
1

0
.
3
8

0
.
0
7

0
.
0
4

b
D
f
P
c
k
u
'
2
'
b
D
f
M
c
k
u
c
k
f
p

TABLE 25
CHECKING THE DESIGN OF TABLE 24

Comb.
P
u

n

M
ux
, M
uz
,

M
u1

Check
No. kNm kNm

1 4002 0.82 2.03 0.64 100 100 0.09 281 0.123 0.123 0.246
2 3253 0.66 1.77 0.52 81 157 0.13 406 0.058 0.186 0.243
3 3225 0.66 1.76 0.52 81 127 0.13 406 0.058 0.129 0.187
4 3151 0.64 1.74 0.50 79 209 0.13 406 0.058 0.315 0.373
5 3179 0.65 1.75 0.51 79 178 0.13 406 0.058 0.237 0.295
6 2833 0.58 1.63 0.45 71 71 0.135 422 0.055 0.055 0.109
7 2805 0.57 1.62 0.45 70 70 0.135 422 0.055 0.055 0.109
8 3571 0.73 1.88 0.57 166 89 0.105 328 0.277 0.086 0.364
9 3598 0.73 1.89 0.58 171 90 0.105 328 0.292 0.087 0.379
10 3155 0.64 1.74 0.50 79 212 0.13 406 0.058 0.324 0.382
11 3120 0.64 1.73 0.50 78 175 0.13 406 0.058 0.233 0.291
12 3027 0.62 1.70 0.48 76 245 0.135 422 0.054 0.398 0.452
13 3063 0.62 1.71 0.49 77 207 0.135 422 0.054 0.297 0.351
14 2630 0.54 1.56 0.42 66 66 0.145 453 0.049 0.049 0.098
15 2596 0.53 1.55 0.42 66 65 0.145 453 0.050 0.049 0.100
16 3552 0.72 1.87 0.57 167 89 0.105 328 0.281 0.086 0.368
17 3587 0.73 1.89 0.57 174 90 0.105 328 0.302 0.087 0.388
18 1919 0.39 1.32 0.31 48 219 0.17 531 0.042 0.310 0.352
19 1883 0.38 1.31 0.30 47 181 0.18 563 0.039 0.227 0.266
20 1791 0.37 1.28 0.29 45 239 0.18 563 0.040 0.335 0.375
21 1826 0.37 1.29 0.29 46 201 0.18 563 0.039 0.266 0.305
22 1394 0.28 1.14 0.22 81 35 0.175 547 0.113 0.043 0.156
23 1359 0.28 1.13 0.22 88 34 0.175 547 0.127 0.043 0.170
24 2316 0.47 1.45 0.37 146 58 0.16 500 0.166 0.043 0.210
25 2351 0.48 1.47 0.38 152 59 0.16 500 0.174 0.043 0.218
u:
u
P
P
bD f
p
ck
u
2
1
bd f
M
ck
u
n
u
u:
M
M

1
n
u
ux
M
M

1
D
R
A
I
T

D
c
s
i
g
n

|
x
a
n
p
|
c

c
f

a

8
u
i
|
d
i
n
g

|
|
T
K
-
G
S
D
M
A
-
|
Q
2
6
-
V
2
.
0

P
a
g
c

4
3

T
A
B
L
E

2
6

T
R
A
L

S
E
C
T
O
N

A
B
O
V
E

J
O
N
T

C

C
o
m
b
.

C
e
n
t
r
e
l
i
n
e

m
o
m
e
n
t

M
o
m
e
n
t

a
t

f
a
c
e

C
a
l
.

E
c
c
.
,
m
m

D
e
s
.

E
c
c
.
,
m
m

P
u

M
u
z

N
o
.

P
u
,

k
N

e
x

e
z

e
d
x

e
d
z

M
u
x
,

k
N
m

M
u
z
,

k
N
m

M
u
x
,

k
N
m

M
u
z
,

k
N
m

M
u
x
,

k
N
m

M
u
z
,

k
N
m

1

3
3
3
9

1
3
1

4
7

1
1
7
.
9

4
2
.
3

3
5
.
3
1

1
2
.
6
7

3
5
.
3
1

2
5
.
0
0

1
1
8

8
3

3
3
3
9

2
0
1

0
.
5
3

0
.
0
6

0
.
0
7
5

2

2
7
1
0

1
1
1

2
9
3

9
9
.
9

2
6
3
.
7

3
6
.
8
6

9
7
.
3
1

3
6
.
8
6

9
7
.
3
1

1
0
0

2
6
4

2
7
1
0

3
6
4

0
.
4
3

0
.
1
2

0
.
0
9
5

3

2
6
8
7

9
9

2
3
8

8
9
.
1

2
1
4
.
2

3
3
.
1
6

7
9
.
7
2

3
3
.
1
6

7
9
.
7
2

8
9

2
1
4

2
6
8
7

3
0
3

0
.
4
3

0
.
1
0

0
.
0
7
5

4

2
6
3
2

9
8

3
6
8

8
8
.
2

3
3
1
.
2

3
3
.
5
1

1
2
5
.
8
4

3
3
.
5
1

1
2
5
.
8
4

8
8

3
3
1

2
6
3
2

4
1
9

0
.
4
2

0
.
1
3

0
.
1

5

2
6
5
4

1
1
0

3
1
3

9
9

2
8
1
.
7

3
7
.
3
0

1
0
6
.
1
4

3
7
.
3
0

1
0
6
.
1
4

9
9

2
8
2

2
6
5
4

3
8
1

0
.
4
2

0
.
1
2

0
.
0
9

6

2
3
7
7

8
7

1
1

7
8
.
3

9
.
9

3
2
.
9
4

4
.
1
6

3
2
.
9
4

2
5
.
0
0

7
8

5
9

2
3
7
7

1
3
8

0
.
3
8

0
.
0
4

0
.
0
1
8

7

2
3
5
5

9
8

6
3

8
8
.
2

5
6
.
7

3
7
.
4
5

2
4
.
0
8

3
7
.
4
5

2
5
.
0
0

8
8

5
9

2
3
5
5

1
4
7

0
.
3
8

0
.
0
5

0
.
0
2
2

8

2
9
6
5

2
9
6

6
5

2
6
6
.
4

5
8
.
5

8
9
.
8
5

1
9
.
7
3

8
9
.
8
5

2
5
.
0
0

2
6
6

7
4

2
9
6
5

3
4
1

0
.
4
7

0
.
1
1

0
.
0
9
5

9

2
9
8
7

3
0
7

1
3

2
7
6
.
3

1
1
.
7

9
2
.
5
0

3
.
9
2

9
2
.
5
0

2
5
.
0
0

2
7
6

7
5

2
9
8
7

3
5
1

0
.
4
8

0
.
1
1

0
.
0
9
6

1
0

2
6
4
3

7
8

3
8
9

7
0
.
2

3
5
0
.
1

2
6
.
5
6

1
3
2
.
4
6

2
6
.
5
6

1
3
2
.
4
6

7
0

3
5
0

2
6
4
3

4
2
0

0
.
4
2

0
.
1
3

0
.
1

1
1

2
6
1
6

6
4

3
2
1

5
7
.
6

2
8
8
.
9

2
2
.
0
2

1
1
0
.
4
4

2
5
.
0
0

1
1
0
.
4
4

6
5

2
8
9

2
6
1
6

3
5
4

0
.
4
2

0
.
1
1

0
.
0
8
2

1
2

2
5
4
7

6
3

4
3
7

5
6
.
7

3
9
3
.
3

2
2
.
2
6

1
5
4
.
4
2

2
5
.
0
0

1
5
4
.
4
2

6
4

3
9
3

2
5
4
7

4
5
7

0
.
4
1

0
.
1
5

0
.
1
1

1
3

2
5
4
8

7
7

3
6
8

6
9
.
3

3
3
1
.
2

2
7
.
2
0

1
2
9
.
9
8

2
7
.
2
0

1
2
9
.
9
8

6
9

3
3
1

2
5
4
8

4
0
1

0
.
4
1

0
.
1
3

0
.
0
9
6

1
4

2
2
2
8

1
6
9

1
0

1
5
2
.
1

9

6
8
.
2
7

4
.
0
4

6
8
.
2
7

2
5
.
0
0

1
5
2

5
6

2
2
2
8

2
0
8

0
.
3
6

0
.
0
7

0
.
0
3
8

1
5

2
2
0
1

1
8
3

5
5

1
6
4
.
7

4
9
.
5

7
4
.
8
3

2
2
.
4
9

7
4
.
8
3

2
5
.
0
0

1
6
5

5
5

2
2
0
1

2
2
0

0
.
3
5

0
.
0
7

0
.
0
3
7

1
6

2
9
6
3

3
1
0

5
8

2
7
9

5
2
.
2

9
4
.
1
6

1
7
.
6
2

9
4
.
1
6

2
5
.
0
0

2
7
9

7
4

2
9
6
3

3
5
3

0
.
4
7

0
.
1
1

0
.
0
9
5

1
7

2
9
9
0

3
2
4

7

2
9
1
.
6

6
.
3

9
7
.
5
3

2
.
1
1

9
7
.
5
3

2
5
.
0
0

2
9
2

7
5

2
9
9
0

3
6
6

0
.
4
8

0
.
1
2

0
.
1
0
2

1
8

1
6
0
5

5
0

3
9
9

4
5

3
5
9
.
1

2
8
.
0
4

2
2
3
.
7
4

2
8
.
0
4

2
2
3
.
7
4

4
5

3
5
9

1
6
0
5

4
0
4

0
.
2
6

0
.
1
3

0
.
0
6
2

1
9

1
5
7
7

3
6

3
3
0

3
2
.
4

2
9
7

2
0
.
5
5

1
8
8
.
3
3

2
5
.
0
0

1
8
8
.
3
3

3
9

2
9
7

1
5
7
7

3
3
6

0
.
2
5

0
.
1
1

0
.
0
4
6

2
0

1
5
0
9

3
5

4
2
7

3
1
.
5

3
8
4
.
3

2
0
.
8
7

2
5
4
.
6
7

2
5
.
0
0

2
5
4
.
6
7

3
8

3
8
4

1
5
0
9

4
2
2

0
.
2
4

0
.
1
4

0
.
0
7

2
1

1
5
3
7

4
9

3
5
8

4
4
.
1

3
2
2
.
2

2
8
.
6
9

2
0
9
.
6
3

2
8
.
6
9

2
0
9
.
6
3

4
4

3
2
2

1
5
3
7

3
6
6

0
.
2
5

0
.
1
2

0
.
0
5
6

2
2

1
1
8
9

1
9
7

2
0

1
7
7
.
3

1
8

1
4
9
.
1
2

1
5
.
1
4

1
4
9
.
1
2

2
5
.
0
0

1
7
7

3
0

1
1
8
9

2
0
7

0
.
1
9

0
.
0
7

0
.
0
1
6

2
3

1
1
6
2

2
1
1

4
5

1
8
9
.
9

4
0
.
5

1
6
3
.
4
3

3
4
.
8
5

1
6
3
.
4
3

3
4
.
8
5

1
9
0

4
1

1
1
6
2

2
3
0

0
.
1
9

0
.
0
7

0
.
0
1
6

2
4

1
9
2
5

2
8
1

4
8

2
5
2
.
9

4
3
.
2

1
3
1
.
3
8

2
2
.
4
4

1
3
1
.
3
8

2
5
.
0
0

2
5
3

4
8

1
9
2
5

3
0
1

0
.
3
1

0
.
1
0

n
e
g
a
t
i
v
e

2
5

1
9
5
2

2
9
5

1
7

2
6
5
.
5

1
5
.
3

1
3
6
.
0
1

7
.
8
4

1
3
6
.
0
1

2
5
.
0
0

2
6
6

4
9

1
9
5
2

3
1
4

0
.
3
1

0
.
1
0

n
e
g
a
t
i
v
e

b
D
f
P
c
k
u
'
2
'
b
D
f
M
c
k
u
c
k
f
p
D
R
A
I
T

D
c
s
i
g
n

|
x
a
n
p
|
c

c
f

a

8
u
i
|
d
i
n
g

|
|
T
K
-
G
S
D
M
A
-
|
Q
2
6
-
V
2
.
0

P
a
g
c

4
4

T
A
B
L
E

2
7

D
e
s
i
g
n

C
h
e
c
k

o
n

T
r
i
a
l

S
e
c
t
i
o
n

o
f

T
a
b
l
e

2
6

a
b
o
v
e

1
o
i
n
t

C

C
o
m
b
.

P
u

n

M
u
x
,

M
u
z
,

M
u
1

C
h
e
c
k

N
o
.

k
N
m

k
N
m

1

3
3
3
9

0
.
6
8

1
.
8
0

0
.
5
3

1
1
8

8
3

0
.
1
2

3
7
5

0
.
1
2
4

0
.
0
6
7

0
.
1
9
1

2

2
7
1
0

0
.
5
5

1
.
5
9

0
.
4
3

1
0
0

2
6
4

0
.
1
4
5

4
5
3

0
.
0
9
1

0
.
4
2
3

0
.
5
1
4

3

2
6
8
7

0
.
5
5

1
.
5
8

0
.
4
3

8
9

2
1
4

0
.
1
4
5

4
5
3

0
.
0
7
6

0
.
3
0
6

0
.
3
8
2

4

2
6
3
2

0
.
5
4

1
.
5
6

0
.
4
2

8
8

3
3
1

0
.
1
4
5

4
5
3

0
.
0
7
8

0
.
6
1
3

0
.
6
9
1

5

2
6
5
4

0
.
5
4

1
.
5
7

0
.
4
2

9
9

2
8
2

0
.
1
4
5

4
5
3

0
.
0
9
2

0
.
4
7
4

0
.
5
6
6

6

2
3
7
7

0
.
4
8

1
.
4
8

0
.
3
8

7
8

5
9

0
.
1
5
5

4
8
4

0
.
0
6
8

0
.
0
4
5

0
.
1
1
3

7

2
3
5
5

0
.
4
8

1
.
4
7

0
.
3
8

8
8

5
9

0
.
1
5
5

4
8
4

0
.
0
8
2

0
.
0
4
5

0
.
1
2
7

8

2
9
6
5

0
.
6
0

1
.
6
8

0
.
4
7

2
6
6

7
4

0
.
1
3

4
0
6

0
.
4
9
3

0
.
0
5
8

0
.
5
5
1

9

2
9
8
7

0
.
6
1

1
.
6
8

0
.
4
8

2
7
6

7
5

0
.
1
3

4
0
6

0
.
5
2
3

0
.
0
5
8

0
.
5
8
1

1
0

2
6
4
3

0
.
5
4

1
.
5
7

0
.
4
2

7
0

3
5
0

0
.
1
4
5

4
5
3

0
.
0
5
4

0
.
6
6
8

0
.
7
2
2

1
1

2
6
1
6

0
.
5
3

1
.
5
6

0
.
4
2

6
5

2
8
9

0
.
1
4

4
3
8

0
.
0
5
2

0
.
5
2
4

0
.
5
7
6

1
2

2
5
4
7

0
.
5
2

1
.
5
3

0
.
4
1

6
4

3
9
3

0
.
1
4

4
3
8

0
.
0
5
2

0
.
8
4
9

0
.
9
0
1

1
3

2
5
4
8

0
.
5
2

1
.
5
3

0
.
4
1

6
9

3
3
1

0
.
1
4

4
3
8

0
.
0
5
9

0
.
6
5
3

0
.
7
1
2

1
4

2
2
2
8

0
.
4
5

1
.
4
2

0
.
3
6

1
5
2

5
6

0
.
1
7

5
3
1

0
.
1
6
8

0
.
0
4
0

0
.
2
0
9

1
5

2
2
0
1

0
.
4
5

1
.
4
2

0
.
3
5

1
6
5

5
5

0
.
1
7

5
3
1

0
.
1
9
1

0
.
0
4
0

0
.
2
3
1

1
6

2
9
6
3

0
.
6
0

1
.
6
7

0
.
4
7

2
7
9

7
4

0
.
1
3

4
0
6

0
.
5
3
3

0
.
0
5
8

0
.
5
9
1

1
7

2
9
9
0

0
.
6
1

1
.
6
8

0
.
4
8

2
9
2

7
5

0
.
1
3

4
0
6

0
.
5
7
2

0
.
0
5
8

0
.
6
3
0

1
8

1
6
0
5

0
.
3
3

1
.
2
1

0
.
2
6

4
5

3
5
9

0
.
1
7

5
3
1

0
.
0
5
0

0
.
6
2
2

0
.
6
7
2

1
9

1
5
7
7

0
.
3
2

1
.
2
0

0
.
2
5

3
9

2
9
7

0
.
1
7

5
3
1

0
.
0
4
4

0
.
4
9
7

0
.
5
4
1

2
0

1
5
0
9

0
.
3
1

1
.
1
8

0
.
2
4

3
8

3
8
4

0
.
1
7

5
3
1

0
.
0
4
4

0
.
6
8
2

0
.
7
2
7

2
1

1
5
3
7

0
.
3
1

1
.
1
9

0
.
2
5

4
4

3
2
2

0
.
1
7

5
3
1

0
.
0
5
2

0
.
5
5
2

0
.
6
0
3

2
2

1
1
8
9

0
.
2
4

1
.
0
7

0
.
1
9

1
7
7

3
0

0
.
1
8

5
6
3

0
.
2
9
0

0
.
0
4
3

0
.
3
3
3

2
3

1
1
6
2

0
.
2
4

1
.
0
6

0
.
1
9

1
9
0

4
1

0
.
1
8

5
6
3

0
.
3
1
6

0
.
0
6
1

0
.
3
7
7

2
4

1
9
2
5

0
.
3
9

1
.
3
2

0
.
3
1

2
5
3

4
8

0
.
1
7

5
3
1

0
.
3
7
5

0
.
0
4
2

0
.
4
1
7

2
5

1
9
5
2

0
.
4
0

1
.
3
3

0
.
3
1

2
6
6

4
9

0
.
1
7

5
3
1

0
.
3
9
7

0
.
0
4
2

0
.
4
3
9

u
:
u
P
P
b
D
f
p
c
k
u
2
1
b
d
f
M c
k
u
n
u u
:
M M

1
n
u u
x
M M

1

1.11.3. Design of 1ransverse reinforcement
Three types oI transverse reinIorcement (hoops or
ties) will be used. These are:
i) General hoops: These are designed Ior shear as
per recommendations oI IS 456:2000 and IS
13920:1993.
ii) Special conIining hoops, as per IS 13920:1993
with spacing smaller than that oI the general
hoops
iii) Hoops at lap: Column bars shall be lapped
only in central halI portion oI the column. Hoops
with reduced spacing as per IS 13920:1993 shall
be used at regions oI lap splicing.
1.11.3.1.Design of general hoops
(A) Diameter and no. of legs
Rectangular hoops may be used in rectangular
column. Here, rectangular hoops oI 8 mm
diameter are used.

Here h 500 2 x 40 8 (using 8# ties)
428 mm ~ 300 mm (Clause 7.3.1,IS
13920:1993)
Provide 2 no crossties along X and 2 no crossties
along Z direction. Then total legs oI stirrups
(hoops) 2 2 4.
The spacing oI bars is (400/6) 66.67 mm, which
is less than 75 mm. Thus crossties on alternate
bars are suIIicient
(IS 456:2000, Clause 26.5.3.2.b-1)
(B) Spacing of hoops
As per IS 456:2000, Clause 26.5.3.2.(c), the pitch
oI ties shall not exceed:
(i) b oI the column 500 mm
(ii) 16
min
(smallest diameter) 16 x 20
320 mm
(iii) 300 mm .. (1)

The spacing oI hoops is also checked in terms oI
maximum permissible spacing oI shear
reinIorcement given in IS 456:2000, Clause
26.5.1.5
b x d 500 x 450 mm. Using 8# hoops,
A
sv
4 x 50 200 mm
2
.
The spacing should not exceed
(i)
b
A f 0.87
SJ v
4 . 0
(requirement Ior minimum shear
reinIorcement)
mm 361
500 4 . 0
200 415 87 . 0
=

(ii) 0.75 d 0.75 X 450 337.5 mm
(iii) 300 mm; i.e., 300 mm . (2)
As per IS 13920:1993, Clause 7.3.3,
Spacing oI hoops b/2 oI column
500 / 2
250 mm . (3)
From (1), (2) and (3), maximum spacing oI
stirrups is 250 mm c/c.
1.11.3.2.Design Shear
As per IS 13920:1993, Clause 7.3.4, design shear
Ior columns shall be greater oI the Iollowings:
(a) Design shear as obtained Irom analysis
For C
202
, lower height, V
u
161.2 kN, Ior load
combination 12.
For C
202
, upper height, V
u
170.0 kN, Ior load
combination 12.
(b) V
u
1.4
+
st
lim u, lim u,
h
M M
bR bL
.
For C202, lower height, using sections oI B2001
and B2002

lim ,
bL
u
M 568 kNm (Table 18)

lim ,
bR
u
M 568 kNm, (Table 18)
h
st
4.1 m.
Hence,
+
=
+
=
4.1
568 568
4 . 1
h
M M
4 . 1
st
lim u, lim u,
bR bL
u
J
387.9 kN say 390 kN.
For C202, upper height, assuming same design as
sections oI B2001 and B2002

lim ,
bL
u
M (Table 18) 585 kNm
bR
u
M
lim ,
(Table 18) 585 kNm, and
h
st
5.0 m.


Then

kN. 6 . 327
5.0
585 585
4 . 1
h
M M
4 . 1
st
lim u, lim u,
=
+
=
+
=
bR bL
u
J

Design shear is maximum oI (a) and (b).
Then, design shear V
u
390 kN. Consider the
column as a doubly reinIorced beam, b 500 mm
and d 450 mm.
A
s
0.5 A
sc
0.5 x 6 968 3 484 mm
2
.
For load combination 12, P
u
3,027 kN Ior lower
length and P
u
2,547 kN Ior upper length.

Then,
1.5.
1.5
length. upper Ior , 22 . 2
25 500 500
1000 2547 3
1
and length, lower Ior , 45 . 2
25 500 500
1000 3027 3
1
40.2.2) Clause 2000, : 456 (IS
P 3
1
u
=
=

+ =
=

+ =
+ =
Take
f A
ck g

mm 8 . 239
1000 5 . 135
450 200 415 87 . 0
87 . 0
s
Then
stirrups legged 4 # mm 8 using , mm 200
kN 5 . 135 5 . 254 390
kN 5 . 254 10 450 500 13 . 1 bd
N/mm 13 . 1 753 . 0 5 . 1 and N/mm 753 . 0
58 . 1
450 500
3484 100 100
v
2
3 -
c
2
c
2
=

= =
=
= =
= = =
= = =
=
=
us
sv v
sv
us
uc
c
s
J
d A f
A
J
J
bd
A

Use 200 mm spacing Ior general ties.
1.11.3.3.Design of Special Confining Hoops.
As per Clause 7.4.1 oI IS 13920:1993, special
conIining reinIorcement shall be provided over a
length
0
, where Ilexural yielding may occur.

0
shall not be less than
(i) D oI member, i.e., 500 mm
(ii) ,
6
L
c

i.e.,
6
600) - (4100
583 mm Ior column C202
and,
6
600) - (5000
733 mm Ior column C302.
Provide conIining reinIorcement over a length oI
600 mm in C202 and 800 mm in C302 Irom top
and bottom ends oI the column towards mid
height.
As per Clause 7.4.2 oI IS 13920:1993, special
conIining reinIorcement shall extend Ior
minimum 300 mm into the Iooting. It is extended
Ior 380 mm as shown in Figure 12.

As per Clause 7.4.6 oI IS 13920:1993, the
spacing, S, oI special conIining reinIorcement is
governed by:
s 0.25 D 0.25 x 500 125 mm 75 mm
100mm
i.e. Spacing 100 mm c/c . (1)
As per Clause 7.4.8 oI IS 13920:1993, the area oI
special conIining reinIorcement, A
sh
, is given by:

A
sh
0.18 s h . -
A
A
f
f
k
g
v
ck
0 1
Here h 238 mm. ReIer to Iig 12.
A
sh
50.26 mm
2

A
k
436 mm x 436 mm
50.26 0.18 x s x 238 x
1 -
436 436
500 500

415
25

50.26 0.8133 s
s 61.5 mm . (2)
Provide 8 mm # 4 legged conIining hoops in both
the directions 60 mm c/c.


both ways
28-16 #
100
M10 Grade
Concrete
M20
150 150
4200 4200
Pedestal M25
L
a
p
16 - 25 mm #
99 238 99
Details oI column 102 - 202 - 302
99
99
99
99
8 - 25 mm # 8 - 22 mm #
L
a
p
be lapped at the section
* Not more than 50 oI the bars
Ior clarity
* Beam reinIorcements not shown
500
5
0
0
C
o
l
u
m
n

3
0
2

(
5
0
0

5
0
0
)
C
o
l
u
m
n

2
0
2

(
5
0
0

5
0
0
)
C
o
l
.

1
0
2
2430
2280
1980
1000
840
1000
600
780
780
600
600
850
800
320
600
4400
600
3500
600
800
900
800 800 800
8 mm # 4 leg 60 mm c/c (40 no.)
8 mm # 4 leg 130 mm c/c (7 no.)
8 mm # 4 leg 60 mm c/c (34 no.)
8 mm # 4 leg 140 mm c/c (7 no.)
8 - 25 mm # 8 - 22 mm #
8 mm # 4 leg 200 mm c/c
8 mm # 4 leg 200 mm c/c
8 mm # 4 leg 200 mm c/c (4 no.)
8 mm # 4 leg 200 mm c/c (4 no.)
Figure 12 Reinforcement Details



1.11.3.4.Design of hoops at lap
As per Clause 7.2.1 oI IS 13920:1993, hoops shall
be provided over the entire splice length at a
spacing not exceeding 150 mm centres
Moreover, not more than 50 percent oI the bars
shall be spliced at any one section.
Splice length Ld in tension 40.3 db.
Consider splicing the bars at the centre (central
halI) oI column 302
Splice length 40.3 x 20 810 mm. For splice
length oI 40.3 db, the spacing oI hoops is reduced
to 140 mm. ReIer to Figure 12.
1.11.3.5.Column Details
The designed column lengths are detailed
in Figure 12. Columns below plinth require
smaller areas oI reinIorcement; however, the bars
that are designed in ground Iloor (storey 1) are
extended below plinth and into the Iootings.
While detailing the shear reinIorcements, the
lengths oI the columns Ior which these hoops are
provided, are slightly altered to provide the exact
number oI hoops. Footings also may be cast in
M25 grade concrete.
1.12. Design of footing: (M20 Concrete):
It can be observed Irom table 24 and table 26 that
load combinations 1 and 12 are governing Ior the
design oI column. These are now tried Ior the
design oI Iootings also. The Iootings are subjected
to biaxial moments due to dead and live loads and
uniaxial moment due to earthquake loads. While
the combinations are considered, the Iooting is
subjected to biaxial moments. Since this building
is very symmetrical, moment about minor axis is
just negligible. However, the design calculations
are perIormed Ior biaxial moment case. An
isolated pad Iooting is designed Ior column C2.
Since there is no limit state method Ior soil
design, the characteristic loads will be considered
Ior soil design. These loads are taken Irom the
computer output oI the example building. Assume
thickness oI the Iooting pad D 900 mm.
(a) Si:e of footing:
Case 1:
Combination 1, i.e., (DL LL)
P (2291 608) 2899 kN
H
x
12 kN, H
z
16 kN
M
x
12 kNm, M
z
6 kNm.
At the base oI the Iooting
P 2899 kN
P` 2899 435 (selI-weight) 3334 kN,
assuming selI-weight oI Iooting to be 15
oI the column axial loads (DL LL).
M
x1
M
x
H
y
D
12 16 0.9 26.4 kNm
M
z1
M
z
H
y
D
6 12 0.9 18.8 kNm.
For the square column, the square Iooting shall be
adopted. Consider 4.2 m 4.2 m size.
A 4.2 4.2 17.64 m
2

Z
6
1
4.2 4.2
2
12.348 m
3
.
189
17.64
3344
= =
A
P
kN/m
2

2.14
12.348
26.4

1
= =
x
x
Z
M
kN/m
2

1.52
12.348
18.8

1
= =
:
:
Z
M
kN/m
2

Maximum soil pressure
189 2.14 1.52
192.66 kN/m
2
200 kN/m
2

Minimum soil pressure
189 2.14 1.52
185.34 kN/m
2
~ 0 kN/m
2
.

Case 2:
Combination 12, i.e., (DL - EXTP)
Permissible soil pressure is increased by 25.
i.e., allowable bearing pressure 200 1.25
250 kN/m
2
.
P (2291 - 44) 2247 kN
H
x
92 kN, H
z
13 kN
M
x
3 kNm, M
z
216 kNm.

At the base oI the Iooting
P 2247 kN
P` 2247 435 (selI-weight) 2682 kN.
M
x1
M
x
H
y
D
3 13 0.9 14.7 kNm
M
z1
M
z
H
y
D
216 92 0.9 298.8 kNm.
152.04
17.64
2682

'
= =
A
P
kN/m
2

1.19
12.348
14.7

1
= =
x
x
Z
M
kN/m
2

24.20
12.348
298.8

1
= =
:
:
Z
M
kN/m
2

Maximum soil pressure
152.04 1.19 24.2
177.43 kN/m
2
250 kN/m
2
.
Minimum soil pressure
152.04 - 1.19 24.2
126.65 kN/m
2
~ 0 kN/m
2
.
Case 1 governs.
In Iact all combinations may be checked Ior
maximum and minimum pressures and design the
Iooting Ior the worst combination.
Design the Iooting Ior combination 1, i.e., DL
LL.
2
kN/mm 164.34
17.64
2899
= =
A
P

Factored upward pressures Ior design oI the
Iooting with biaxial moment are as Iollows.
For M
x

p
up
164.34 2.14 166.48 kN/m
2

p
u,up
1.5 166.48 249.72 kN/m
2

For M
z

p
up
164.34 1.52 165.86 kN/m
2

p
u,up
1.5 165.86 248.8 kN/m
2

Since there is no much diIIerence in the values,
the Iooting shall be designed Ior M
z
Ior an upward
pressure oI 250 kN/m
2
on one edge and 167
kN/m
2
on the opposite edge oI the Iooting.
The same design will be Iollowed Ior the other
direction also.
Net upward Iorces acting on the Iooting are
shown in Iig. 13.

Figure 13

(b) Si:e of pedestal:
A pedestal oI size 800 mm 800 mm is used.
For a pedestal
A 800 800 640000 mm
2

Z
3 2
mm 85333333 800 800
6
1
=
For case 1
q
01

85333333
10 ) 8 . 18 4 . 26 (
800 800
1000 2899
6
+
+

4.53 0.53 5.06 N/mm
2
. (1)
For case 2
q
02

85333333
10 ) 8 . 298 7 . 14 (
800 800
1000 2247
6
+
+

3.51 3.67 7.18 N/mm
2

Since 33.33 increase in stresses is permitted
due to the presence oI EQ loads, equivalent stress
due to DL LL is
. N/mm 4 . 5 33 . 1 18 . 7
2
= . (2)
From (1) and (2) consider q
0
5.4 N/mm
2
.
For the pedestal
1
20
4 . 5 100
9 . 0 tan +

This gives
0
14 . 78 i.e., , 762 . 4 tan
Projection oI the pedestal 150 mm
Depth oI pedestal 150 4.762 714.3 mm.
Provide 800 mm deep pedestal.
(c) Moment steel:
Net cantilever on x-x or z-z
0.5(4.2-0.8) 1.7 m.
ReIer to Iig. 13.
2 . 4 7 . 1
3
2
7 . 1 250
2
1
7 . 1
3
1
7 . 1 4 . 216
2
1
+ =
u:
M
1449 kNm
For the pad Iooting, width b 4200 mm
For M20 grade concrete, Q
bal
2.76.
Balanced depth required
mm 354
4200 76 . 2
10 1449
6
=

Try a depth oI 900 mm overall. Larger depth may
be required Ior shear design. Assume 16 mm
diameter bars.
d
x
900 50 8 842 mm
d
z
842 16 826 mm.
Average depth 0.5(842826) 834 mm.
Design Ior z direction.
506 . 0
826 826 4200
10 1449
6
2
=

=
bd
M
u:

16 : SP 2, table Irom , 145 . 0 =
t
p
2
mm 5481 900 4200
100
145 . 0
= =
st
A
2
min ,
mm 4536 900 4200
100
12 . 0
= =
st
A
(Clause 34.5, IS: 456)
Provide 28 no. 16 mm diameter bars.
A
st
5628 mm
2
.

(o.k.) .... ...... mm 826 3
mm 26 . 151
27
16 100 4200
Spacing
<
=

=

(d) Development length:
HYSD bars are provided without anchorage.
Development length 47 16 752 mm
Anchorage length available
1700 50 (cover) 1650 mm . (o.k.)
(e) One-wav shear.
About z
1
-z
1

At d 826 mm Irom the Iace oI the pedestal
kN 886 2 . 4
2
250 7 . 232
874 . 0 =
+
=
u
J
b 4200 mm, d 826 mm
2
N/mm 255 . 0
826 4200
1000 886
=
= =
bd
J
u
v

162 . 0
826 4200
5628 100 100
=
=
bd
A
st

c
0.289 N/mm2
v

c
. . . (o.k.)

(I) Two-wav shear:
This is checked at d/2, where d is an average
depth, i.e., at 417 mm Irom the Iace oI the
pedestal. ReIer to Iig. 13 (c).
Width oI punching square
800 2417 1634 mm.
Two-way shear along linr AB
kN. 883 283 . 1
2
2 . 4 634 . 1
2
250 6 . 224
=
+
=
2
N/mm 0.648
834 1634
1000 883
=
= =
bd
J
u
v

Design shear strength k
s
c
, where
k
s
0.5
c
and
c
(b
c
/
c
) 500/500 1
k
s
0.5 1 1.5 1, i.e., k
s
1
Also,
2
N/mm 118 . 1 20 25 . 0 25 . 0 = = =
ck c
f
Then k
s
c
1.118 1.118 N/mm
2
.
Here
v

c
. . . (o.k.)`

(g) Transfer of load from pedestal to footing:
Design bearing pressure at the base oI pedestal

2
N/mm 25 . 11 25 45 . 0 45 . 0 = =
ck
f
Design bearing pressure at the top oI the Iooting
2
2
1
N/mm 18 20 45 . 0 2 45 . 0 = = =
ck
f
A
A

Thus design bearing pressure 11.25 N/mm
2
.
Actual bearing pressure Ior case 1
1.5 q
01
1.5 5.06 7.59 N/mm
2
.
Actual bearing pressure Ior case 2
1.2 q
02
1.2 7.18 8.62 N/mm
2
.
Thus dowels are not required.
Minimum dowel area (0.5/100) 800 800
3200 mm
2
.
Area oI column bars 7856 mm
2

It is usual to take all the bars in the Iooting to act
as dowel bars in such cases.
Length oI dowels in column L
d
oI column bars
28 25 700 mm.
Length oI dowels in pedestal 900 mm.
Length oI dowels in Iooting
D 450 900 450 1350 mm.
This includes bend and ell oI the bars at the end.
Total length oI dowel
1350 900 700 150 (kicker)
3100 mm.
(h) Weight oI the Iooting:
4.2 4.2 0.9 25 396.9 kN
435 kN, assumed.

Acknowledgement
The authors thank Dr R.K.Ingle and Dr. O.R.
Jaiswal of JNIT Nagpur and Dr. Bhupinder Singh
of NIT Jalandhar for their review and assistance
in the development of this example problem.

Design Example of Six Storey Building

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Design Example of Six Storey Building

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Docunenl No. :: IITK-CSDMA-LQ26-V2.

Maximum design shear at A 379 kN.

Figure 12 Reinforcement Details

You might also like