WCDMA Optimization

UMTSOptimization
PreparedByLegendTechnologies
Copy Rights LEGEND Co. 2010
CourseContent
WCDMAFeatures
IdleModeBehavior RadioLinkSupervision Powercontrol Loadsharing Handover Capacitymanagement Capacity management Channelswitching
3GKPIsMonitoringandanalysis
WCDMAFeatures
CourseObjective j Uponcompletionofthispartyoubeableto
Explainthemainpartsofidlemodebehavior E l i h t i th Explainwhatistheradiolinksupervisionandwhatareits di li k ii d h t it benefits Explainthedifferenttypesofpowercontrol Explain how can we control the capacity to maximize it Explainhowcanwecontrolthecapacitytomaximizeit underminimuminterference ExplainDifferentHandovertypesandscenarios Explain how and why do we need for Load sharing and ExplainhowandwhydoweneedforLoadsharingand Explainthemaintypesofchannelswitchingwehave ExplaintheMain3GKPIsandhowtoanalyzethem
WCDMARadioNetworkFeatures
IdleModeBehavior
PLMNselection PLMN selection CellSelection/Reselection Paging i LocationUpdateandRoutingareaupdate SystemInformation
WhatisIdleMode?
1. OFFMode 2. IDLEMODE 3. CONNECTEDMODE
UEinIDLEMODE hasthefollowingproperties: UEisPoweredON,whileitdoesn'thaveconnectiontotheRadioNetwork UEissynchronizedwithRadioNetworkandcanreadbroadcast information,AccordinglyUEcanaccesstheNetworkrequestservices. , gy q UEisregisteredonthenetwork,updatingNetworkwithitsLAC, AccordinglyUEbecomesreachablebythenetwork Accordingly UE becomes reachable by the network
ServicesTypesinIdleMode
NormalService
WhentheUEselectacceptedlevelcellinitsHPLMN
LimitedService
WhentheUEdidntfindanyacceptedlevelcellsatits homePLMNitselectsanyacceptedlevelcellatany otherPLMN h PLMN
Operatorreservedservices
Theoperatorcanreserveanycellfortestingonlyand thisthroughtwoparameterscellreservedandAccess classNbarred
PLMNSelection
PLMN Selection PLMNSelection
Whatisit?AndWhenithappens?Whatarethe typesofPLMNselection types of PLMN selection
PLMNSelectionistheprocessinwhichtheUEdecide whichPLMNitshouldregisterinandthisprocess happenswhentheMobileturnedonorwhenthe mobilereturnedbackfromlimitingservice
Automatic PLMN selection AutomaticPLMNselection ManualPLMNselection
AutomaticPLMNselection
When the mobile powered on Whenthemobilepoweredon
Themobileusesinformationaboutthelastregistered PLMN(Freq,thestoredneighborsbeforeoff) Mobilesearchthestrongestsignalcellsandreadits systeminformationtoget(MCCandMNC) If h h Ifthechosencellisacceptedthemobiletrytodothe ll i d h bil d h registration If the last chosen cell not available or there is no stored Ifthelastchosencellnotavailableorthereisnostored infointhemobileUSIMthenthemobilemightselect anyacceptedPLMNautomaticallyormanually
IntheautomaticselectionifnolastregisterPLMN g existsoravailabletheMobilewillselectthePLMNthat isavailableandallowedasfollow

HPLMN if not previously selected due to RAT HPLMNifnotpreviouslyselectedduetoRAT EachPLMNinUsercontrolledPLMNslistintheUSIM,inorder ofpriority EachPLMNinoperatorcontrolledPLMNlistintheUSIM,in h i ll d li i h S i orderofpriority OtherPLMNsaccordingtothehighqualitycriteriarandomly theminimumCPICHRSCPpoweris95dBm h i i CPICH RSCP i 95dB OtherPLMNsthatdontfulfillhighqualitycriteria
InitialCellSelection AutomaticMode
I
PowerSpectrumMagnitude(dB)
USIM HPLMN USIM
Strongestcell St t ll
80 60 40 20 0 20 40 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 Frequency 1.4 1.6 1.8 x107
f1
II
PLMN
PLMN PLMN
I II III I II III
PowerSpectrumMagnitude(dB) PowerSpectrumMagnitude(dB) 80 60 40 20 0
PLMN A B C
D E F III
PLMN
USIM
PLMN PLMN
2110
2170MHz IV
PLMN PLMN PLMN
20 40 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 Frequency 7 x10
PLMNA PLMNB PLMND PLMNE
PLMNB PLMNE PLMND PLMNA
80 60 40 20 0
V
PLMN
PLMN PLMN
20 40 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 Frequency 7 x10
ManualPLMNSelection
UE displays all the available PLMNS after UEdisplaysalltheavailablePLMNSafter carriersscanning All the available PLMNs will appear regardless AlltheavailablePLMNswillappearregardless itisallowedornotandignoringtheforbidden LACs LACs
f1 Strongestcell
PowerSpectrumMagnitude(dB) 80 60 40 20 0 20 40 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 Frequency 1.4 1.6 1.8 x10 7
f2 fn
PLMNA PLMNB
HPLMN
PLMNE
Roaming
It is the services in which the user will be able Itistheservicesinwhichtheuserwillbeable toobtainservicesfromanotherPLMN
Same country (national roaming) Samecountry(nationalroaming) Anothercountry(internationalroaming)
E Every30minutestheUEtrytoreselectits 30 i t th UE t t l t it homePLMN
CellSearch
Start Start
Detectingslotsynchronization Detecting slot synchronization
Detectingframesynchronizationandprimaryscramblingcodegroup Detecting frame synchronization and primary scrambling code group
Detectingprimaryscramblingandreadsysteminformation gp y g y
End
Broadcast Channels
SCH P-CCPCH PICH
Pilot Channel
1 timeslot = 2560 Chips = 10 symbols = 20 bits = 666.667 uSec
Pilot Symbol Data (10 symbols per slot)
P CCPCH P-CCPCH
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 3 4 1 Frame = 15 slots = 10 mSec
CPICH always take code 0 from SF 256 tree
Cellselectionprocedure
Squal = Qqualmeas qQualMin (For WCDMA) Squal=Qqualmeas qQualMin(ForWCDMA)
QqualmeasisCPICHEc/No qQualMin is minimum required Ec/No qQualMinisminimumrequiredEc/No
Srxlev=Qrxlevmeas qRxlevMin Pcompensation (Forallcells) (F ll ll )

QrxlevmeasisCPICHRSCP qRxlevMinisminimumrequiredRSCP
Pcompensation=Max(maxTXpowerULP , 0) Pcompensation Max(maxTXpowerUL P,0)

PismaximumO/PpoweroftheUEaccoringtoitsclass maxTXpowerULismaximumpowerusedinaccessing
Thecellconsiderasacceptedif p
Squal>0and Srxlev >0 Srxlev 0
Cell selection occurs when Cellselectionoccurswhen

WhenUEisswitchedon WhenUEinidlemodehashadanumberoffailedRRC connectionrequest WhenaUEreturnstoidlemodefromtheconnection modeoncommonchannel(cellFACH)afteranumber d h l ( ll FACH) f b offailedcellupdate UE returns to idle mode from connected mode (cell UEreturnstoidlemodefromconnectedmode(cell DCH) WhenaUEreturnstoidlemodeafteranemergency callonanyPLMN ll
Cellreselectionprocedure
When it occurs Whenitoccurs
Whencellonwhichitiscampingisnolonger suitable suitable Whenthereisanyneighborwithbetterquality thantheselectedone than the selected one WhentheUEinthelimitedservicestateonan acceptablecell p WhentheUEisincell_FACHstate
Accordingtothecellreselectioncriteria.Inordertoperformcellranking, theUEmeasurestheservingcellandneighborcellslistedinSIB11 accordingtothemeasurementrules . Measurementrulesforcellreselection

1.Intrafrequencymeasurementsstartswhen f h Squal <=Sintrasearch
i.
SintraSearch :Controlswhenintrafrequencymeasurementsareperformed Si S h C l h i f f d (0dBm)
2.Interfrequencymeasurementsstartswhen Squal<=SinterSearch S l Si S h Sintersearch :Controlswhenintrafrequencymeasurementsareperformed(0dBm) 3.GSMmeasurementsstartswhen Squal <=sRatSearch ORSrxlev <=SHcsRat sRatSearch : ControlsqualityThresholdatwhichGSMmeasurementsare performed(4dBm) SHcsRat : ControlsSignalStrengthThresholdatwhichGSMmeasurements areperformed(3dBm)
Qqualmeas (EcN0, Qq almeas (EcN0 dB) Qrxlevmeas (RSCP, dBm)
GSM measurements can also be triggered by low RSCP
-14 14
sRatSearch = 4dB -112
qQualMin = -18 qRxLevMin+P = -115
sHcsRat = 3dB (negative values are interpreted as 0) i t t d
WCDMA measurements
WCDMA & GSM measurements
WCDMA & GSM WCDMA measurements measurements
Time ( ) (s)
When the UE triggers a cell reselections WhentheUEtriggersacellreselections procedureitstartsrankingforthecellsatisfy S criteria(Squal>0andSrxlev>0)andthe Scriteria (Squal > 0 and Srxlev > 0) and the rankingwillbeaccordingRcriteria
R(serving)=Qmeas(s)+qHyst(s) R(neighbor)=Qmeas(n)qOffset(s,n)
Qmeas: is the quality value of the received Qmeas:isthequalityvalueofthereceived signalwhichisderivedfrom

CPICH Ec/No or CPICHEc/Noor CPICHRSCP
qHyst(s): hystersis value sent to mobile in qHyst(s):hystersisvaluesenttomobilein systeminformationusedtodelaythe reselectionaspossibleontheLAboarders reselection as possible on the LA boarders
qHyst1iftherankingbasedonCPICHRSCP qHyst2 if the ranking based on CPICH Ec/No qHyst2iftherankingbasedonCPICHEc/No
qOffset(s,n): is the offset between the serving and qOffset(s,n):istheoffsetbetweentheservingand theneighborcellalsousedtoshiftthecellboarder qOffset1sn:iftherankingbasedonRSCP,there q g , are2qOffset1snoneforWCDMAneighborand theotheroneforGSMneighbor. qOffset2sn:iftherankingbasedonEc/No qualMeasQuantity istheparameterthatdetermine ifwewilldotherankingbasedonRSCPorEc/No TheUEreslect thebettercellifitstaybetterfortime intervalmorethanTreselection
UMTStoUMTScell Reselection
Qmeas(dBm) Qmeas(n) R(n) qOffset2sn 0 qOffset2sn=0 qHyst2=4
R(s) Qmeas(s) Cellreselection R(n)>R(s) treSelection time
UMTStoGSMcellReselection
Qmeas (dBm) Qmeas(n) qRxLevMin* qOffset1sn qHyst1 R(n) q qRxLevMin*+ sHcsRat R(s) Qmeas(s)
WCDMA&GSM measurements Ranking
time Cell reselection
treSelection R(n)>R(s)
* Pcompensation is assumed to be 0
FACHconnectedcellreselection
DuringtheFACHconnectedmodetheUEusesecondary commoncontrolphysicalchannel(SCCPCH) The parameters used to control the measurement Theparametersusedtocontrolthemeasurement fachMeasOccaCycLenCoeff andinterFreqFddMeasIndicator fachMeasOccaCycLenCoeff (K)usedtoshowwhentheUEhas todothismeasurment thisvalueshouldbegreaterthan0and to do this measurment this value should be greater than 0 and thisvaluesendtomobileviasysteminformation FACHmeasurment occasionsaredefinedasbeingtheframe wherethefollowingequationisfulfilled SFN=CRNTImodn*2^K
C-RNTI C RNTI is the cell UE identity (16 bits) & n is the frame number 0 1 2 0,1,2,.
InterFreqFddMeasIndicator is a value set to True isavaluesettoTrue orFalse ifitsettoTruetheUEwillperformthe reselectioncriteriaoninterfrequencyorinterRAT andifitissetfalseitwillnotdo
LocationareaUpdateand RoutingareaUpdate Routing area Update

AfteraUEhasfoundasuitablecellittriesto makePLMNregistration. If the LAI or RAI read on system information IftheLAIorRAIreadonsysteminformation hasbeenchangedthentheUEtriestodoRA orLAregistrationUpdate or LA registration Update DuringtheidlemodewhentheUEchangesits locationorroutingareaitshoulddoLAUor location or routing area it should do LAU or RAU LAU d RAU LAUandRAUmanagedbyCN d b CN
TypesofUpdates
P i di Periodic
OccursperiodicallyaftertimerT3212 forLAUorT3312 forRAU,thevalueofthetimersenttotheUEover for RAU the value of the timer sent to the UE over BCCHintheIMSIattachorinRAU,itisCNparameter, whentheUEisinconnectedmodeandthetimer expiredthentheUEwaituntilenteridlemodeagainto i d th th UE it til t idl d i t performtheperiodicLA
Normal Normal
OccurswhentheUEchangeitsLAorRA,theUE discoverthechangesaftercomparingthenewCellRAC orLACwiththestoredvaluesintheUSIM
IMSIattachanddetach
IMSI tt h IMSIattachoccurswhentheUEactivatedinthesame h th UE ti t d i th LAinwhichitwasbeforedeactivationandthedetach occurswhenUEdeactiated Thisfunctionusedtopreventunnecessarypagingfor theoffUEs IMSI IMSIattachisanoptionalfunctionanditismanagedby hi i lf i di i db cellparametercalledATTsenttoUEoverBCCH
IfATTsetto1itmeanstheUEshoulddoIMSIattachand detach WhentheUEisturnedonitsentregistrationrequestindicate IMSIattachtofindoutiftheLAchangedornotifchangedit sendnormalLAupdate
Paging
IstheprocessthroughittheCNinformtheUE thereisaservicerequestorRANinformallthe UEsthattheSysteminformationhasbeen updatedalsotoinitiatethechannelswitch fromURAPCHtoCellFACHstate Pagingoccursinthefollowingstates
Idle URAPCH CellFACH CellDCH
PaginginIdlemodeandURAPCH
PICHandSCCPCHareusedtopagetheUE
PICHusedtotelltheUEwhentoreadSCCPCH SCCPCHusedtocarryRRCmessagetype1which includesactualpaginginfoandthenumberoftimes i l d l i i f d h b f i theWCDMARANwillretransmitthepaging (noOfPagingRecordTransm)
DRX DRX
IntheIdlemodetheUEshouldinordertosaveits powerconsumptiontolistentothePICHincertain power consumption to listen to the PICH in certain predefinedtimes
288 bits for paging indication b0 b1 12 bits (undefined) b287 b288 b299
One radio frame (10 ms)
288 bits are divided to number of PIs each PI 288bitsaredividedtonumberofPIseachPI relatedtoonepaginggroupandeachpaging grouprelatedtooneuser ThenumberofPIsinaPICHframeisgivenby parameternamedPichMode
IfPichMode is72thatmeanwehave72PIsandeach one4bits
Th UE TheUEmonitorsonePIinonepagingoccasion it PI i i i perDRXcycle
The length of DRX cycle is given by 2^k *10(ms) ThelengthofDRXcycleisgivenby2^k 10(ms)
Where k is the DRX cycle Length coefficient defined by WherekistheDRXcycleLengthcoefficientdefinedby cnDRXcycleLengthCS (PS) DifferentDRXcycleforCS,PSandURAPCH
Paging in cellFACH and cellDCH Pagingincell FACHandcell DCH

WhentheestablishconnectionbetweenUEand RANisexistingPagingtype2messagearesentto RAN is existing Paging type 2 message are sent to theuseritiscarriedonDCCHsoitisonlyforone user.
UpdatedSysteminformation
RRC message paging type1senttotheUEinthe RRCmessage pagingtype1 sent to the UE in the idlemodetoinformitabouttheupdatedSI
SystemInformation
The UE read System information when TheUEreadSysteminformationwhen

Poweredon Cell change in idle mode or Cell FACH CellchangeinidlemodeorCellFACH UEinformedthatchangeoccurredinsystem informationwhileitisinidlemodeorCellFACH information while it is in idle mode or CellFACH UEswitchesfromDedicatedmodetoCommon Mode. Mode TimerexpiresforSIBswithexpirationtime.
RadioConnectionSupervision
RadioConnectionSupervision
Supervision of the UE in State CellFACH and SupervisionoftheUEinStateCell FACHand URAPCH SupervisionoftheUEinCellDCH
What is the radio link supervision Whatistheradiolinksupervision

Isthealgorithmsupervisestheradioconnection betweentheUEandtheUTRANduringallthe between the UE and the UTRAN during all the connectedstates,thereasonofthisistocheckifthe UTRANstillcontroltheUEornotandtoprevent UTRAN till t l th UE t dt t unduechargingandincreasetheefficiencyof resourcesusage. OccursinbothofUplinkandDownlink
SupervisioninCellFACHand URA PCH URAPCH

InCELL_FACHstate,supervisionisprovidedbymonitoring , p p y g periodicCellUpdatemessagessentbytheUE.Thetimer cchWaitCuTisstartedwhenevertheUEentersthe CELL_FACHstate,orupontransmissionofaCellUpdate CELL FACH state or upon transmission of a Cell Update CONFIRMmessagetotheUE.ThetimerisstoppediftheUE entersCELL_DCHstateandisresettozero(butnotstopped) uponreceiptofaCellUpdatefromtheUE.Uponexpiryofthe timer,theoverallreleaseoftheconnectionshallbetriggered. g ThetimesetoncchWaitCuTislongerthan theonesetontimert305.Thetimert305indicateshow oftentheUEhastosendaCellUpdatemessage.
Cell Update Message will be sent either when t305 expires or when the UE change its serving cell In URA PCH state the UE sent URA_Update Message instead of Cell_ Update as in Cell FACH case T305 expires CCHWAITCUT starts
Cell Update Confirmation
Overall Connection Release
Cell Update Message
CCHWAITCUT Expire
CCHWAITCUT Reset UE Enters Cell FACH

Timer Should stopped if UE Enters CELL-DCH
SupervisioninCellDCH
In CELL DCH state the Radio Connection InCELL_DCHstate,theRadioConnection Supervisionfunctionalityisprovidedbymeans oftwodifferentalgorithms:theRadioLinkSet of two different algorithms: the Radio Link Set Supervisionalgorithm,locatedintheRBS, supportstheRadioConnectionSupervision supports the Radio Connection Supervision Evaluationalgorithms,locatedintheSRNC
The Radio Link consider failed if and only if radio link failure indication send from the 2 RBSs
Radio Connection Supervision (RCS) RadioConnectionSupervision(RCS) EvaluationTheRadioConnectionSupervision Evaluationalgorithmkeepstrackofthe Evaluation algorithm keeps track of the synchronizationstatusofthewholeradio connectionbyassigningatagtoeveryRLS. connection by assigning a tag to every RLS
RadioLinkSet(RLS)Supervision ( ) p TheRLSSupervisionfunctionsupervisesthesynchronization statusoftheRLSprovidedbytheRBStotheradioconnection, andreportsanychangestotheSRNC.WhennOutSyncInd d t h t th SRNC Wh O tS I d numberofconsecutiveframesareoutofsyncatimer rlFailureTisstartedandatexpirytheRLSisconsideredout ofsyncandRadioLinkFailureisreportedtotheSRNC.When theRLSisoutofsyncandnInSyncIndnumberofframesare in sync,theRLSisconsideredin syncandRadioLinkRestore insync, the RLS is considered insync and Radio Link Restore isreportedtotheSRNC.
Uplink DPDCH/DPCCH UplinkDPDCH/DPCCH

Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH) Slot (0.666 mSec) Coded Data, 10 x 2^k bits, k=06 (10 to 640 bits)
I
FBI TPC
Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH) Slot (0.666 mSec) Pilot (FSW: is some of Pilot Bits) TFCI
10
11
12
13
14
15
1 Frame = 15 slots = 10 mSec
TheconnectionisconsideredlostbytheRCSwhen thelastRLS,fortheconnection,hasbeenoutofsync , , y foratimegivenbytheparameterdchRcLostT.Fora connectionthatincludesHSDPA,thePSpartofthe connectionisconsideredlostbytheRCSwhenthe RLSthatcontainstheServingHSDSCHcell,hasbeen outofsyncforatimegivenbytheparameter out of sync for a time given by the parameter hsDschRcLostT.Thismeansthatwhenthe hsDschRcLostTtimerexpires,anIuReleasewillbe hsDschRcLostT timer expires, an Iu Release will be requestedtothePSCNandwhenthedchRcLostT timerexpires,anIuReleasewillberequestedtoall involvedCNs.
SRNC dchRcLost Starts d hR L t T St t Radio Link out of sync sent to SRNC
Radio Link Restore
T.S 1
Number of Bad T.S 15 frames = nOutSyncInd .
Number of good frames = nInSyncInd Good Frame
Bad Frame #1 rlFailure T lF il starts rlFailure T Expires
What is the BER of this frame (CRC decoding) UE sends FSW in each Time Slot in DPCCH
N.B if number of good frame that decoded by NB before rlFailureT timer expiration equal to nInSyncInd then the RL consider ok and the timer should stopped id k d th ti h ld t d
PowerControl
PowerControltypes
Powercontrol Power control
Uplink
Downlink
OpenLoop PowerControl
ClosedLoop PowerControl
InitialPower Initial Power settingsfor Power
Closedloop Powercontrol
SettingOfcommonChannel Power Power

ChannelName CPICH BCH AICH FACH(control) FACH (control) FACH(Traffic) PCH PICH PSCH SSCH ParameterName PrimaryCpichPower bchPower aichPower maxFach1Power maxFach2Power pchPower pichPower i hP schPower1 schPower2 DefaultPower Setting 300 31 6 18 15 4 7 7 18 35 Meaning 30dBm 3.1dB 6dB 1.8dB 1.8dB 1.5dB 0.4dB 0.7dB 0 7dB 1.8dB =3.5dB
OpenLoopPowerControl
UL SIR ULSIR
SIR=Ec/NoXSF =RSCP/RTWPXSF = RSCP/RTWP X SF =RSCPRTWP+10logSF RSCP=SIR+RTWP 10logSF
SIR h t SIRhastargetvaluedependonserviceandChannel t l d d i d Ch l SFhasvaluerelatedtotheusedservice
RACHpreamblePowersetting
PPRACH = RSCP + Losses P PRACH=RSCP+Losses.
RSCP=SIR+RTWP 10logSF. Losses = CPICH Power CPICH RSCP Losses=CPICH_Power CPICH_RSCP. P_PRACH=SIR_TARGET_RACH+RTWP 10logSF +CPICH_Power(pimaryCpichPower) + CPICH Power (pimaryCpichPower) CPICH_RSCP. SIR TARRGET RACH 10log SF + C is constant SIR_TARRGET_RACH 10logSF+Cisconstant parametercalled(constantValueCprach)
ConstantValueCprach,PrimaryCPICHPowerand ConstantValueCprach PrimaryCPICHPower and RTWParesenttotheUEthroughBCCH NowtheUEcantransmitthePreambleusing P_PRACHcalculatedValue P PRACH l l d V l
PowerRamping
Parameter PowerOffsetPO PowerOffsetPpM PreambleRetansMax
Range 1to 8 5to10 1to 64
Default 3 4 8
Description 3dB 4dB 8stepofincrease beforethe before the recalculationof P_PRACH 4trials forP_PRACH calculationbefore givingaccessfailure
MaxPreambleCycle
1to32
RACHMessagePower
RACH Data Slot (0.666 mSec) Random Access Message (10, 20, 40, or 80 bits per slot) RACH Message Slot (0.666 mSec) Pilot (8 bits) TFCI (2 bits)
Control Part Power = P_PRACH+ PowerOffsetPpm
10
11
12
13
14
15
ControlPower/DataPower=20log(GFc/GFd) Control Power/ Data Power = 20 log (GFc/GFd) GFc:isstandardgainfactorrelatedtocontrol G i d d i f l d l part GFd:isstandardgainfactorrelatedtodatapart This2parameterswillbedifferentaccordingto This 2 parameters will be different according to thetypeofcarriedinformation
GainFactor GFc (Control) GF (C t l) GFd (Control) GFc (Data) GFd (D t ) (Data)
Range 0 t 15 to15 0 to15 0 to15 0 t 15 to15
Default 11 15 10 15
FACHPowerSetting
As mentioned earlier FACH power is initially AsmentionedearlierFACHpowerisinitially reservedrelativetoCPICHpower ThequestionNowisthatdoeverypartofFACH messagehasthesamepowerasthereserved h h h d value
0, 2, or 8 bits 20 to 1256 bits 0, 8, or 16 bits
TFCI or DTX
Data
Pilot
TFCI Power = FACH Power + FO1 TFCI_Power=FACH_Power+FO1

FO1DefaultValueis0dB
Pilot_Power=FACH_Power+FO2
FO2DefaultValueis0dB
InitialSettingofDL_DPDCH
In case of inter frequency non blind handover cBackoff will be replaced by cNbifho (modified parameter to enhance the performance of IFHO Copy Rights LEGEND Co. 2010
DPDCH
DPCCH
DPDCH
DPCCH
Data 1
TPC
TFCI
Data 2
Pilot
Default Values ( ) p PO1 (00) Step 0.25 Value 0dB PO2 (12) Step 0.25 Value 3dB PO3 (12) Step 0.25 Value 3dB
DownlinkPowerRamping
Upper Power Limit P_DL_DPDCH Calculated 2nd power step size 1st power steps x steps Used only when the NBAP indicates it should be used via parameter first RLS indicator 1st power Ramp 2nd power increase
Lower Power Limit
Inner loop
SettingofinitialUL_DPDCH power power

Power UL DPCCH initial= Power_UL_DPCCH_initial= PrimaryCpichPower +RTWP+uLInitSirTarget 10log(SF_DPCCH)+CPO 10l (SF DPCCH) + CPO RSCP_PCPICH(dBm)
Measured by the UE DPCCH_power_offset Sent to UE by RBS in RRC connection setup Message
cPO= -30 to 30 in 0.5 dB steps default = 0 (0 dB) PrimaryCpichpower = -100 to 500 in 0.1 dB steps default = 300 (30 dBm) ulInitSirTarget : has different values for different services e.g. SRB =5.7dB; RAB with SF=4 = 9.2 ; RAB with SF=16 or 8 = 8.2 dB 5.7dB; SF 4 SF 16 and for RAB with SF= 32 or higher =4.9
UplinkDPDCH/DPCCH p /
Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH) Slot (0.666 mSec) Coded Data, 10 x 2^k bits, k=06 (10 to 640 bits) Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH) Slot (0.666 mSec) Pilot TFCI
I
FBI TPC
10
11
12
13
14
15
P_DPDCHpowercalculation
DPCCHpower/DPDCHpower=Bc/Bd DPCCHpower DPDCHpower=20log(Bc/Bd) DPDCHpower DPCCH power 20log(Bc/Bd) DPDCH power =DPCCHpower 20log(Bc/Bd)
Bc: DPCCH gain factor Bd: DPDCH gain factor
RadioBearer Signaling Speech CS64 PS64/64 PS64/384
DPCCHgainFactor 11 11 8 8 8
DPDCHgainfactor 15 15 15 15 15
DPDCHpower DPCCHpower +2.7 DPCCH power+2.7 DPCCHpower+5.46 DPCCHpower+5.46 p DPCCHpower+5.46
Innerlooppowercontrol
Up Link inner loop power control UpLinkinnerlooppowercontrol
DPDCH/DPCCH(pilot+Data+TFCI+TPC+Data) TPC_Command = (UP) or (Down) DPCCH(Pilot +TFCI+TPC) DPDCH RBS measure SIR_UL_RLS of the pilot Data then compare it with Target value
DPCCHTPC_cmd=1(Down)or+1(UP)
DPCCHchange=TPCXTPC_cmddB DPDCHpowerrelatedtoDPCCHpower SIR_UL_RLS>= SIR_TARGET SIR_UL_RLS < SIR_TARGET TPC command = down TPC command = UP
ULPowercontrolduring compressedmode compressed mode

10 mSec Frames (15 slots) ( ) Normal Operation
11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Compressed-Mode; single-frame method

11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4
Transmission Gap Compressed period used for IRAT measurements and BSIC decoding and confirmation
SIR_targetinCM
SIR_target + 1dB SIR_target + 0.5dB SIR_target

13 14 15 1 2 3 4 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 14 15
Transmission Gap
TPCcommandinCM
TPC = 2 dB TPC = 1 dB
13
14
15
12
13
14
15 1
14
15
Transmission Gap Recovery Period 7 slots after the Gap pilot = 10 log (Npilot,prev/Npilot,curr) DPCCH= TPC X TPC_cmd +
Pilot
Downlinkinnerlooppower control control

DPDCH/DPCCH(pilot+Data+TFCI+TPC+Data)
DPCCH(Pilot +TFCI+TPC) DPDCH MS measure SIR_DL_RLS of the pilot Data then compare it with Target value
TPC_Command = (UP) or (Down)
TPCcommand(UPorDown)
presentpowerP(K)=P(k1)+Ptpc(K) present power P(K)= P(k 1) + Ptpc(K) P_TPC(K) = +1 dB if (TPC_CMD is Up) or -1 dB if (TPC CMD is down) (TPC_CMD SIR_UL_RLS>= SIR_TARGET SIR_UL_RLS < SIR_TARGET TPC command = down TPC command = UP
DownlinkPowerBalancing
Power Drift SRNC
UE RBS 1
RBS 2
8 frame cycle
Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4 Frame 5 Frame 6 Frame 7 Frame 8
Reference value SRNC
RBS 1
RBS 2 UE
At the beginning of each cycle a reference power, which is the average of all radio link powers is calculated. Over the next 8 frames cycle the power of each RL is adjusted back to this reference value
dlPcMethod
1noDLpower balanceandno innerlooppower control
2Nobalancingonlyinner looppowercontrolisused
3Balancingis working
4fixedpower balancingalgorithm isusedfixedDl referencevalue
P(K) = P(K-1) + Pbalance Pbal = +1 dB increase the power -1 dB decrease the power Power balancing is configured to work on 8 frame cycle
Downlinkpowercontrolin compressedmode compressed mode

P(K)= P(K 1) Ptpc(K) P(K) P(K-1) + Pt (K) + P bal(K) + P sir (K) dB b l(K) i dBm
P(k-1): P(k 1): previous DL power Ptpc (K): +1(UP) or -1(down) X
TPC
PSIR(K) = 4dB TPC(K) = 1 dB

13 14 15 1 2 3 4 12
PSIR(K) = 3.5dB TPC(K) = 2 dB

13 14 15 1 2 3 4 14 15
Transmission Gap
Recovery Period 7 slots after the Gap Copy Rights LEGEND Co. 2010
OuterLoopPowercontrol
TheouterlooppowercontrolalgorithmperformedforDLin pp g p theUEandfortheULintheRNC TheMainideabehindtheouterlooppowercontrolistoset properSIRtarget SIR t t SIRtargetvaluechangeaccordingtoblerQualitytargetDl SIR target value should be between SIR Max 173 (17 3 dB) and SIRtargetvalueshouldbebetweenSIRMax173(17.3dB)and SIRmin82(8.2dB) ULouterlooppowercontrolcouldbeeitherjumpregulatoror constantstepregulatorbyulOuterLoopRegulatorparameter
1 Jump Regulator
0 constant step
JumpRegulator
SIRtarget= SIRtarget + ulSirStep(-x/(z*UPDOWNSTEPRATIO)+Y/Z)
Where: ulSirStep = 0 to 50 in 0.1 step default 10 (1 dB) X = Number of Transport blocks that have CRC OK Z= Total Number of received Transport blocks Y= Number of transport blocks that have CRC NG UPDOWNSTEPRATIO= (1/blerQualityTargetUL * 0.5) -1 default value is 199 blerQualityTargetUL = -63 to 0 default is -2 (0.01)
SIR_Target=5.9 dB SIR T t 59 CRC=OK Will continuo to drop until receive bad CRC
The SRNC will Update the SIR target value for the UL in resolution of 0.1 dB to prevent excessive Iub signaling. ulInitSirTaget = 4.9 SIRTarget= 4.9+1(-0/(199*1) +1/1) = 5.9 . NG frame received
StepRegulator
IfulOuterLoopRegulatorsetto0theStepregulatorwillwork Ideaofstepregulatorisasfollowing: d f l i f ll i TheSIRtargetshouldincreasedbyulSirStepwhenoneNGCRChave beenReceived AnddecreasedbyulSirStepifnumberofgoodCRCequalto y p g q (1/(1.5blerQualityTargetUL)(0.5) Default133 133 Good CRC
ulSirStep ulSirInitTarget NG CRC

NG CRC
Handover
HandoverType
HOTypes
Hard Handover
SoftHandover Soft Handover
IRAThandover
Inter FrequencyHO
CoreNetwork HardHO
SoftHO
SofterHO
Soft/SofterHO
RNC Measurement Control message DCCH Performmeasurement UEEvaluation RNCEvaluation RLaddition dd Active Set Update DCCH RadioLinkRemoval RNCEvaluation RNC Evaluation Active Set Update Complete Measurement Control message DCCH
UE
RadioLinkAdd/Remove/Replace
ReportedMeasurement
MeasurementsElaboration
RRCMeasurementinitial
Handovertriggeringtype
Event Triggering EventTriggering
Measurementtobesentwheneverthelevelsof cellsentersthereportingrange cells enters the reporting range
Periodictriggering
Measurement report should be sent to the RNC by MeasurementreportshouldbesenttotheRNCby theUEperiodically
EventDescription
Event1A
Event1B
Event1C
Event1D
Event1E
Event1F
Event2D/2F
2B/2C 3A/3C
CompressedMode
Compressedmode
Realization Methods RealizationMethods
SF/2 Rate matching/puncturing Ratematching/puncturing Higherlayerscheduling
LoadControl
PUC
ICAC
CellResourceDecision
ThealgorithmChoosesUEsforPreemption
LDR
OLC

WCDMA Optimization

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WCDMA Optimization

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UMTSOptimization

Copy Rights LEGEND Co. 2010

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IntheautomaticselectionifnolastregisterPLMN g existsoravailabletheMobilewillselectthePLMNthat isavailableandallowedasfollow

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USIM HPLMN USIM

PLMNA PLMNB PLMND PLMNE

PLMNB PLMNE PLMND PLMNA

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Detectingslotsynchronization Detecting slot synchronization

Detectingframesynchronizationandprimaryscramblingcodegroup Detecting frame synchronization and primary scrambling code group

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Pilot Symbol Data (10 symbols per slot)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 3 4 1 Frame = 15 slots = 10 mSec

CPICH always take code 0 from SF 256 tree

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Srxlev=Qrxlevmeas qRxlevMin Pcompensation (Forallcells) (F ll ll )

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Pcompensation=Max(maxTXpowerULP , 0) Pcompensation Max(maxTXpowerUL P,0)

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Cell selection occurs when Cellselectionoccurswhen

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Accordingtothecellreselectioncriteria.Inordertoperformcellranking, theUEmeasurestheservingcellandneighborcellslistedinSIB11 accordingtothemeasurementrules . Measurementrulesforcellreselection

SintraSearch :Controlswhenintrafrequencymeasurementsareperformed Si S h C l h i f f d (0dBm)

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Qqualmeas (EcN0, Qq almeas (EcN0 dB) Qrxlevmeas (RSCP, dBm)

GSM measurements can also be triggered by low RSCP

sRatSearch = 4dB -112

qQualMin = -18 qRxLevMin+P = -115

sHcsRat = 3dB (negative values are interpreted as 0) i t t d

WCDMA & GSM measurements

WCDMA & GSM WCDMA measurements measurements

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Qmeas: is the quality value of the received Qmeas:isthequalityvalueofthereceived signalwhichisderivedfrom

R(s) Qmeas(s) Cellreselection R(n)>R(s) treSelection time

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time Cell reselection

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InterFreqFddMeasIndicator is a value set to True isavaluesettoTrue orFalse ifitsettoTruetheUEwillperformthe reselectioncriteriaoninterfrequencyorinterRAT andifitissetfalseitwillnotdo

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LocationareaUpdateand RoutingareaUpdate Routing area Update

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One radio frame (10 ms)

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Paging in cellFACH and cellDCH Pagingincell FACHandcell DCH

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The UE read System information when TheUEreadSysteminformationwhen

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