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Circle is defined as the set of points that is at an equal distant from the centre of the circle. There are a number of terminologies involved in a Circle. Some of them are as follows: Centre: The predetermined point from which the surface of the circle is at an equidistant is called the centre of a circle. Radius: The constant distance from the centre to a point on the surface of the circle is called its radius . Circumference: The boundary of a circle is called its circumference. Chord: A line segment whose end points is present on the circumference of a circle is called a chord . Diameter: A chord crossing through the midpoint of a circle is called its diameter. Know More About Adding and Subtracting Polynomials Worksheet
Circle Formulas Diameter of a Circle: Diameter = 2 X Radius Radius of a Circle: Radius(R) = Diameter / 2 Area of a Circle: Area = pi X R2 Circumference of a Circle: Circumference = 2 X pi X R Circle Theorem Theorem 1: A perpendicular from the centre of a circle to a chord bisects the chord. Given : AB is a chord in a circle with centre O. OC AB. To prove: The point C bisects the chord AB. Construction: Join OA and OB Proof: In triangles OAC and OBC, mOCA = mOCB = 90 (Given) Learn More Area of a Circle Worksheet
OA = OB (Radii) OC = OC (common side) OAC = OBC (RHS) CA = CB (corresponding sides) The point C bisects the chord AB. Hence the theorem is proved. Theorem 2: AB and CD are equal chords of a circle whose centre is O. OM AB and ON CD. Prove that mOMN = mONM.
For any curve in a graph with equation y = f(x), the slope of the tangent is defined as the rate of change of y with respect to x at that point. The normal to this curve at this point is perpendicular to the tangent line. Example: In a circle, with centre at the origin and radius 3, the equation will be of the form (x)+(y) = 3. Take any point say (0,3). To find the tangent, we have to find dy/dx. Differentiating, 2x+2y =0 Hence, the slope of the normal is perpendicular to x axis or parallel to y axis. Example for Perpendicular Lines from a Point to a Line Let AB be a line with coordinates (1,2) and (3,4). Measure the length of perpendicular line from (-1,1) to this line segment. We know that the perpendicular line from (-1,1) has a slope of -1/slope of AB. Equation of AB is (x-1)/(3-1) = (y-2)/(4-2) Or x-1 = y-2 Or y = x+1 Slope of AB passing through (1,2) and (3,4) is 4 - 2/3 -1 =1. Slope of perpendicular line to AB is -1. Read More About Area of Irregular Shapes Worksheet
Since the perpendicular line passes through (-1,1) equation of the perpendicular is y-1 = -1(x+1) or y =-x -1 +1 or y = -x. To get the foot of the perpendicular line on AB, we solve the two equations by substitution method. y = x+1 = -x This on simplification gives 2x = -1 or x = -1/2. Since y = -x , we have y = +1/2, So, foot of the altitude from the point (-1,1) is (-1/2,1/2). The length of the perpendicular segment is between (-1,1) and (-1/2,1/2) is [ (-1/2+1)+(1/2-1)] = (1/4+1/4) = (1/2) = 1/1.414 = 0.707 approximately.
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