BSC 2010 Review Sheet Chapter 6 Cell Structure and Function

Spring, 2012

Answer the following questions as completely as possible, referring to your class notes and textbook. They are designed to help you process and review course material. Questions on quizzes and exams will also deal with these topics, but will be specific and in a M/C and T/F format. Quiz and exam questions may not be limited to the topics covered here.
1. What makes prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells different from one another? What qualities and features do all cells have? 2. Why does the surface area-to-volume ratio place a limit on the size of cells? 3. Explain the structure and function of the nucleus as described in lecture and your textbook. Include in your answer a description of the nuclear envelope, nuclear lamina, and nuclear pores. Name 2 places genes are found in animal cells, and 3 places genes are found in plant cells. 4. What do ribosomes do in cells? What 2 types of macromolecules are ribosomes constructed from? What is the difference between free and bound ribosomes? 5. Proteins contain molecular address labels that send them to specific locations in the cell. Where in the cell are proteins made by free ribosomes found? Where are proteins made by bound ribosomes found? 6. Which organelles membranes are considered part of the endomembrane system? What function(s) does the EMS serve in the cell? Describe the trafficking of a secreted protein in the cell. Begin with its synthesis by a ribosome and finish with its secretion from the cell. 7. Summarize the structures and functions of the RER and Golgi apparatus. Include the role of vesicles and Golgi enzymes in your answer. 8. Describe 3 functions performed by the SER that were discussed in lecture. 9. Explain the functions of lysosomes in the cell. Include in your answer the terms digestive enzymes and food vacuole (a.k.a. a phagosome). 10. 3 types of vacuoles central, contractile, and foodwere discussed in lecture. Summarize the functions of each. 11. Describe the structural features of mitochondria and chloroplasts. What processes are they involved in? How are they similar? How are they different? How are they semiautonomous? 12. What is a peroxisome? What is its purpose? 13. Name the three types of cytoskeletal fibers and describe the structure and functions of each. Which fiber(s) participate in cell division, and how? Describe the general structure of eukaryotic cilia and flagella. 14. Many cytoskeletal functions depend upon motor proteins. What are they and what do they do? 15. Which types of cells have cell walls? Which type has an extracellular matrix? What purpose(s) do these structures serve? 16. Describe the three different types of junctions between cells? What are they for? Where are they found?