ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF ARAVALI HILLS

Non-availability of the Master Plan showing the following:

Natural resource assessment Future land use planning Eco-restoration plan to compensate the environmental degradation Economic zoning and siting of industries and housing schemes Plan for rehabilitation of wasteland and salt affected land Rehabilitation programmes of abandoned mines Identification of mines difficult thus making compliance of the rules and regulations difficult Air quality in and around mines and crusher units beyond the permissible limits Land degradation in the Aravali Range Loss of vegetation on the hills Poor compliance of the environmental standards and rules No separate charge for eco-restoration under Minor Mineral Rules Inadequate mechanism to upgrade the mining technology Inadequate environmental database making the decision-making process difficult Lack of willingness on the part of mine/crusher operators to comply the environmental standards/statute Lack of environmental awareness Open access system on the hills, a major factor for reducing the vegetation Poor involvement of the local community Lack of self employment opportunities, inducing the people towards illegal mining Little effort to integrate the environmental characteristics with the future planning Depletion of ground water resources Inadequate programme for rehabilitation of wasteland and salt affected land Lack of water conservation measures and rain water harvesting

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1. Ministry of Environmnet & Forests, Government of India, vide Gazette Notification dated 7th May, 1992 has prohibited certain developmental and industrial activities on certain lands in Alwar district of Rajasthan and Gurgaon district of Haryana. In the Aravali Hills, a large number of mining activities, operation of stone crushers and pulverisers, deforestation and unplanned construction activities are causing environmental degradation. These mines are usually located in clusters in remote mineral rich districts / areas where living standards is lower and understanding of people towards environmental impacts is also poor. In the past, mine operators took no note of environmental damage. In fact they were not even conscious about it. The attitude of mining community is to ignore the environmental concerns. In majority of the cases, the environmental concerns are ignored for making quick profits. The small mines (< 5 hectares) and the mining of minor minerals which are no doubt small individually but have damaging characteristics when in clusters e.g. the mines of granite, marble, slates, quartzite etc. (falling under minor minerals) are no less damaging than the others, especially when the processing is taken into consideration. The mining activities in the region results in disturbance of land surface, altering drainage pattern and land use, besides the pollution problems. This may lead to the following environmental problems:

Air pollution Water Pollution Noise pollution Problems related to solid waste management

With a quest to solve the problem of environmental degradation, this study has been undertaken by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). CPCB entrusted this work to Central Mine Planning & Design Institute Limited, a subsidiary of Coal India Limited (Government of India Enterprise) to prepare a report of the Aravali Range in the District with the following objectives:

To prepare status report of the pollution problems in the Aravali Hills To prepare environmental management plan to abate various environmental problems To prepare action plan for restoration of environmental quality

2. Central Mine Planning & Design Institute Limited, held extensive discussion with various government and non-governmental agencies to understand the problems of environmental degradation in the hill region. In addition, base line data were also generated in terms of the following environmental attributes: o o o Air quality Water quality Noise level

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o o o

Land use pattern Socio-economic profile of the district Data on ecology of the area

For preparation of thematic maps, data from various agencies were obtained. For assessing the land use pattern of the area, remote sensing data from National Remote Sensing Agency, Hyderabad were taken. This data pertains to 5th April, 2001. 3. Environmental Problems The CMPDI & CPCB made several visits to the District and held extensive discussions with mine / crusher unit operators, State and Central Government officials. Based on the study and discussions, the environmental problems in the Aravali Range in the district have been identified and remedial measures including the pollution control guidelines and action plan for various stakeholders have been suggested. The following are the environmental problems identified in the Aravali Hills in the district: Vide Gazette Notification of Ministry of Environment & Forests dated 7th May, 1992, Government of India has restricted various developmental and industrial activities in Gurgaon district. For environmental clearance of the projects, project proponent has to submit Environmental Statement Report along with Environmental Management Plan. In large-scale mining projects, the applicant is asked to submit detailed mine plans on mining and processing methods, the technology being used, the financing plan and the environmental management plan (including reclamation) and the training and local benefits envisaged but what it still require is a proposal on district level as to what will be mined, how it will be mined and with what method, how the financing will be arranged, what are the areas of environmental concerns (keeping in view the regional character) which need to be addressed by the entrepreneur. This does not seem to be adequately addressed keeping in view the environmental degradation of the Aravali Hills. The Aravalli Notification restricts process and operations under certain categories of the land in the district. Though the records of such lands are available at every village level map, there is no record available in the district level in respect of these areas to undertake realistic appraisal & effective monitoring of mining and other projects at the macro level on such lands. Vide Gazette Notification of Ministry of Environment & Forests dated 29th November, 1999, Government of India has interalia made provision for preparing the Master Plan integrating the environmental concerns and

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the future land use of the area. The Master Plan has now been published. However, it does not interalia address the following issues: Land use planning Economic zoning Natural Resource Assessment Water Resource Status Landscaping Though the air quality on the regional basis shows the parameters within the specified limits, the areas near crushing zone and active mining zone remains a matter of concern. In the mining and the crusher areas, the concerted efforts have not been given to the quality of roads and the dust suppression measures to maintain the air quality within safe limits. A number of crusher plants are there in each zone. Government of Haryana has issued guidelines for siting as well as operation of the crusher in an eco-friendly manner. But the compliance is only partial. Wind breaking walls are not proper, pollution control devices are not operating and the green belt around the crushing zones are not maintained. The identification of mines in the district is difficult. It is not possible for the regulators to immediately identify the mine, which is defaulter in respect of pollution control. The Minor Miner Rules of the Government of Haryana does not levy any charge for environmental betterment in the mining areas. It is therefore difficult to get the fund for the biological reclamation of dumps and eco-restoration in the mining areas. There does not seem to be a mechanism to upgrade the mining technologies and methodologies to minimize the impacts due to mining in the eco-sensitive zones in the district. Also, there seems to be inadequate effort to undertake environmental projects in the district with sufficient start-up fund. There does not seem to be a mechanism to ascertain that the mining method proposed for a particular project will result in optimum exploitation of the resource and that there is competency in mining and environmental management. There is no identified land where over burden could be temporarily dumped prior to being utilized for void filling and for other purposes.

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There is inadequate data in respect of environmental quality in the area. Since the area encompasses various mines and industries, sharing of financial burden for generating these data on strategic locations is practically absent. This not only poses the problem in effective compliance of the consent conditions but also in creation of the database for future planning in the district, as substantial industrial growth is anticipated here in the near future. Inadequate knowledge on the part of mine and industrial operators in respect of the environmental impacts due to mining and industrial units respectively, is one of the key factors in environmental damage caused in the district. Because of the lack of knowledge of how to exploit the resource, maintain standards, the environmental degradation takes place. Also, there is no willingness on the part of the mine operators / owner of the crusher units for environmental improvement in and around mine/processing plant sites. Since the environmental degradation has already occurred in many places, it is imperative on the part of the State Government to carry out, and pay, for the ecorestoration without necessarily closing the mining and other industrial operations at such places. At these places in the mining and industrial areas, government may take steps for environmental upgradation and recompense for these expenses could be obtained through a garnishee of income from future activities, thus making the polluter pay, but on an incremental basis and without affecting the continuation of the operation. There does not seem to be a mechanism for the above. Besides, there also does not seem to be frequent consultation of the mine and industrial operators with the State Pollution Control Board to take steps, whatever and whenever required, for environmental betterment in the district. In the Aravali Range, there exists open access system of the plant resources available which is used for fodder and fuel. As is evident from Figure-4.1 (in Chapter-IV), community controlled regulated access system, required for sustainable common land system in the Aravali Range, is inadequate.

Since the percentage of goats and sheep is significant, there is lesser availability of dung as fertilizer and as the fuels. There is growing consumption of chemical fertilizers, which due to high ground water level in the southern part of the district, may further increase the salinity. Besides, since the fuel availability is lesser, there is increased dependence on the forests for fuel. This has also led to reduction in forest cover in the district.

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The pace of the afforestation programme in the district need to be speeded up. In the afforestation programme, unless due care is taken about the need of the people, the programme may not be successful. The pace of the social forestry programme, therefore, also need to be speeded up. There is need to consider the participation of people and specially the women folk for the environmental programmes being executed in the district. There does not seem to be adequate awareness amongst the people in respect of the environmental problems, which exist in the Aravali hills, the efforts that they can take to minimise the damage to environment. The self-employment opportunities are lesser which induces the locals to illegal mining. Due to its proximity to Delhi and the infrastructural facilities the district has, there is further potential for growth in industrial and housing sectors in the district. So far little effort seems to have been made to integrate the planning process with the environmental quality of the district. Considerable portion of soil has become saline due to various factors. Little effort has been made to rehabilitate the saline land. Unless proper efforts are taken to control, it may render considerable portion of land into wasteland. In some part of the district, the ground water potential is already in the dark category. Lack of water conservation measures and rainwater harvesting may ultimately lead to water scarcity in the near future.

4. Recommendations for Eco-Restoration Based on the environmental problems identified, the following actions are recommended for the eco-restoration in the Aravali Range in the district:

State Government of Haryana: Eco-restroration programmes may be chalked out by State Government of Haryana in consultation with various government departments and the same should be carried out in phases. Central Pollution Control Board also needs to participate in such exercises and provide technical support for the purpose.

It is also imperative on the part of State Government to improve interdepartmental co-ordination among various government departments to achieve the common objective i.e. ecological restoration of Aravali Hills in the district. The state government should also monitor the progress in eco-restoration efforts through satellite imagery at an interval of say 2 years. CPCB should also provide technical guidance to the State government in this matter.

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District Administration: need to take up following actions for eco-upgradation measures of the Aravali Hills: Identify the areas where illegal mining is being carried out and immediately take legal action against such persons. All the mining and stone crushers should be asked to display signboard giving all the relevant information on the status of their lease / units. The boundary line of the lease area should also be properly demarcated. Initiate action to issue to the concerned institutions to prepare & issue Master Plan showing developmental plan of the district integrating environmental concerns. The future land use pattern and the land-scaping should be finalized and the Master Plan should interlia exhibit the same. The Master Plan must interalia address the following issues: i. Land use planning clearly specifying the areas for overburden dumps, waste materials stocking sites, area earmarked for plantation along with the species, site for common effluent treatment plant (CETP) and common Bio-medical Waste Management facilities, hazardous waste dumping site and the sites for residential colonies. ii. The master plan should also indicate the proposed eco-restoration plan to compensate the environmental degradation by the proposed activities in the master plan. iii. Economic zoning and categorization of industries with reference to their pollution potential from A to H category. Master Plan should clearly indicate the categories of industries allowed in a particular industrial area. iv. Natural Resource Assessment v. The areas proposed for the industrial area, mining area and stone crushing zone should be clearly indicated in the districts level maps. vi. Plan for the rehabilitation of the wasteland and salt affected areas. vii. Rehabilitation programmes for the abandoned mines areas either to convert these to water reservoirs and eco-parks or reclamation by filling by rural waste, urban waste or fly ash. The Master Plan should be detailed to show the areas where overburden could be dumped, areas where waste material could be stocked, areas where plantation could be carried out, type of plant species etc. Master Plan should interlia clearly specify the areas where mining may be permitted along with the measures required for ecoupgradation. Providing more opportunities for alternative employment in the district. This should lessen the dependence on the hills and the forest produce, thus helping in conservation off natural resources. Help of local reputed NGOs may also be taken for the purpose.

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Preparing GIS based land use plan of the district showing the restricted areas as per the Aravali Notification. This will help in effective monitoring of the environmental protection measures. For any successful programme, participation of local people is very much essential. For eco-restoration of the Aravali hills also, participation of local community need to be ensured. In addition, efforts should be there to increase awareness among the local community regarding the need for protection of environmental in the district. Help of reputed local NGOs may be taken for this purpose. Efforts should be there to enhance shifting of attitude among the local community for rearing of cows, buffaloes etc. in lieu of goats and sheep. This will increase the biomass generation, increasing fertility of the soil and the productivity of the lands in the district. This will improve the fuel and fodder scenario for the poorer section of the society. Distribution of LPG cylinders may also be considered for the purpose. Regulated access of the common land in the district should be ensured to protect the natural resources in the district through the formation of village forest committees etc. The developmental planning in the district should not be carried out in isolation. All the planning should interlia include environmental impact and concerns of activities of one sector on the other sectors in the district e.g. afforestation should be planned not only with a view to increase vegetation on the hills but also be supplement for fuel, fodder etc. in the district. Thus, there should be integrated planning covering all the departments in the district to foster the eco-restoration in the district. Action to be immediately started for rehabilitation of common lands in the region. These lands should be developed to provide support in respect of fuel and fodder and that will reduce biotic pressure on the hills. All efforts should be made to preserve the ground water resources. Water shed Management and rainwater harvesting to be implemented in the Aravali hills regions on war footing. In the areas where mining deeper than the ground water table of the area is to be carried out, adequate provision of pollution control and conservation of water resources should be made. Efforts need to be started immediately for reclamation of salt affected land. In addition, efforts are also required to be expedited for vegetation of barren rocky land and the gullied land. Possibilities of rehabilitation of the degraded lands in the form of abandoned mine pits to water reservoir and eco-parks to be explored. Besides water management it will have commercial benefits by attracting tourism and creating job opportunities. The other possibilities for reclamation of the abandoned mines which are not feasible for developing water reservoir and eco-parks are given below in the descending order of priority: Rural waste Urban waste Fly ash from thermal power plants
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For this purpose, a survey may be undertaken to identify the bio-waste from rural areas, which could be used for filling the voids created due to mining operations. However, urban and semi-urban solid waste may also be considered for the purpose, which may include construction waste, and other solid waste, which are free from plastic, and other harmful substances. An option of fly ash disposal may also be considered for rehabilitation of mine voids and low lands. Initiate close co-ordination among all related departments for ecorestoration of Aravali Hills.

Department of Mines & Geology: Department of Mines & Geology, Government of Haryana should take the following measures to streamline the mining activities in the region so that the mining and allied operations are in consonance with the designated land use planning of the district: Integrate the provision for approval of mine plan along with grant of mine lease. The mine plan should be in consonance with the designated land use pattern / landscaping of the area. There should be frequent inspections of the mining operations to ensure that these are in line with the requirement for sustainable development in the district. The inspection may be carried out at an interval of say 3 months. There should be continual source of revenue from the mining operations to the fund, recommended to be created, for the eco-restoration of the Aravali Hills. This cost may be internalized into the cost of production. Small mining leases less than 5 ha should be discontinued. The minimum period of lease should be for 15-20 years. This will induce the mine operators to take environmental protection measures more seriously.

State Pollution Control Board: The following actions are required on the part of the State Pollution Control Board to ensure sustainable mining and industrial operations in the district: Prepare inventory of the environmental upgradation measures undertaken by all the mining and other industrial operation in the Aravali Hill region. Specify the additional measures, if any, required for achieving environmentally compatible conditions. Periodically verify whether the environmental protection measures are in existence and operating effectively. Initiate legal action against mining and industry units found violating the environmental laws, standards and consent conditions. Regular monitoring to check compliance and to assess the ambient air quality, water quality and other environmental protection measures should be carried out at critical locations. Online monitoring stations and networking should be installed in the critical areas.

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In order to carry out environmental monitoring and other tasks, Regional Office may need additional staffing, budget, vehicle and equipment support, which may be assessed and accordingly provided. State PCBs should also undertake awareness programmes of the local people and the entrepreneurs. There should be frequent interaction with the mine / industry owners to ensure environmental protection. It is recommended that stone crushers should either be in identified zones or in the mining leases. The crushers outside the zones should be brought into the zones or in the mining lease areas in a phased manner. The siting criteria should accordingly be modified. Department of Agriculture: The following actions are required on the part of State Department of Agriculture

Rehabilitation of the salt affected land. This should be done in close coordination of the Regional Office of the CGWB. Development of the pasture lands. Rehabilitation of the barren rocky and gullied land Improve soil conservation measures in the district

Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF), Government of India: The following actions are required from MoEF side for environmental protection / eco-restoration in the area:

Ministry of Environment & Forests should take initiative to appoint a central agency to monitor the overall eco-restoration efforts in the Aravali Hills and to provide technical support to the implementing organizations. CPCB may be one such body to oversee the progress in environmental protection and eco-restoration and also to provide technical support to the implementing organizations. For this purpose, CPCB may seek assistance of a resource organization having experience in mining environment. The task force may be constituted with CPCB or any such agency to act as nodal agency and the officers from the following departments to be as members: Regional Office of State Pollution Control Board Forest Department District Administration Department of Mining & Geology Irrigation Department Regional Office of CGWB Agriculture Department District Industry Department

It is recommended that MoEF should also include representative from Central Ground Water Board and CPCB in the Expert Committee/Monitoring Committee constituted to examine the progress of

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the eco-restoration programmes and implementation of pollution control measures to comply with the standards. The renewal of mining lease and granting new leases should be effected after examining the environmental protection measures taken by the lessee. The above committee should periodically inspect and ensure the implementation of conditions imposed while granting lease.

Central Ground Water Board: The Regional Office of Central Ground Water Board should assess the ground water potential of the district covering some more monitoring stations, if required. They should recognize the areas where water tables are depleting and causing danger to the underground aquifer. It is suggested that Regional Office of CGWB should display the data on their site on Internet for the awareness of public and further usage. This will be a guiding tool for planning further industrial and urban activities in the district, which affect the ground water level and to take stringent actions for water conservation. Also water shed management and rainwater harvesting in the region should be implemented. Forest Department: The Forest Department should fix the target for afforestation and the same should be carried out in phased manner. The Forest Department may even carry out the afforestation on behalf of mine operator. For this purpose, the expenses should be borne by the mine operators. This should be carried out keeping in view the following considerations: Increasing the fertility of the soil to support vegetation Increasing the vegetation Checking the soil erosion Vegetating the barren rocking land and gullied land At places, the consideration may be to make available fuel to the locals and fodder to livestock, to reduce the biotic pressure on the hills. Protection of the vegetated area: Efforts should be there to involve locals also to protect the existing vegetation and the plantation, which were carried out under the afforestation programme. The afforestation programme should be carried out not on the mineral rich areas but on wasteland or village common land. Access to the common land: The regulated access to the common land in lieu of open access system should be encouraged. For this purpose, involvement of village panchayat should be ensured. Central Pollution Control Board: The following actions, on the part of Central Pollution Control Board, are recommended:

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CPCB should review the status of environmental improvement periodically through field visits and interaction with other agencies. The environmental ingredients to be reviewed may be: Increase in vegetation / afforestation Status of salt affected land Status of rehabilitation of the degraded land Implementation of the master plan Status of ambient air quality, water quality, under ground water and other relevant environmental attributes. Implementation of pollution control measures taken by the mines/ processing units for implementation of the standards.

CPCB should also provide technical support to the implementing agencies. Take up further studies in the Aravali Range in the areas where the concentration of mining and allied activities are considerable to take stock of the environmental status of such areas and preparing action plan for eco-restoration.

Mine Lessees: The mine lessees should implement the environmental management plan and mining plan approved by the concerned authority. The conditions imposed by the SPCB in the consent as well as notified environmental standards should be implemented by the mine lessees and other enterpreneurs. Also the conditions laid down by any other regulatory authorities like Ground Water Board, Director of Mine and Geology should also be implemented. Stone Crushers operators: The operators of stone crushers should fully implement the pollution prevention measures and emission standards notified under Environmental Protection Act, 1986. Also the condition imposed by SPCB in the consent granting in the Air Act, should be implemented.

5.

Search for Sustainable Development of the Aravali Region

Though the aforesaid recommendations have been drawn for the industries existing in the Aravali range, any future effort in respect of search for sustainable development in the Aravali Range should broadly take into consideration resource potential in the region, the demand of the products and the supply options. Though the demand for the niche products existing in the Aravali Range which is one of the oldest mountain ranges in India will continue to grow, the supply options need to be given a closer look due to eco-sensitivity of the region. The environmental cost needs to be internalised in the cost of the product and there is need to limit the supply options. The Aravali range has been reported to prevent the desert from spreading into Indo-Gangetic plains. So, all the future planning should not only concentrate to meet the ever growing demand of the products but due consideration should also be given to protect the chain. All the
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developmental activities should therefore be planned in a coherent manner and there should be integrated approach for sustainable development in the Aravali Region. The major actions to be taken by various agencies are shown in Figure8.1 in Chapter-VIII.

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CHAPTER-I INTRODUCTION 1.0 Historical Background

The history of Gurgaon dates back to Mahabharata period, when it was known as GURU GRAM. The tradition says that Yudhishthir gifted this village to his Guru Dronacharya, and thus it can be presumed that the place was held by Pandavas. During the first half of 7th century, this area was under control of Harsha's empire, and then of Gurjara Pratiharas. Subsequently, Tomaras, the feudatories of Pratiharas became independent, laid the foundation of Delhi in 736 AD, and held Gurgaon region under them till Visaladeva Chahamana (Chauhan) conquered Delhi about 1156 AD. During the Medieval period, the people of this region have experienced changing fortunes at the hands of Muslim Rulers. Although the people resisted Muslim domination for nearly two centuries, they finally succumbed, after the defeat of Prithvi Raj Chauhan at the hands of Muhammad Ghauri in 1192 AD. Hem Raj, son of Prithvi Raj Chauhan, tried to recapture Gurgaon Area by invading Mewat, from Alwar, during the period of Qutab-u-din-Aibak (1200-1210 AD), but he was killed in the war. The Meos were subdued by Mian Hussain Jung, nephew of Qutabu-din-Aibak, who agreed to pay Jazia, while some accepted Islam. During Akbar's era (15561605 AD), the area covered by Dastur Jharsa (Sarka Delhi) was contained in Suba of Delhi. After Aurungzeb's death, the Mughal era ended with several contending powers dividing the region amongst themselves, whereas Badshahpur was owned by Begum Samru. The British Raj The East India Company took over possession of Gurgaon vide a Treaty of Surji Arjungaon signed on 30th December 1803. As a follow up in 1816, Gurgaon became headquarters of Administration. By 1857, the life in Gurgaon district seemed to have settled to a peaceful and quiet route. However on 13th May 1857, a large party of 3rd Light Cavalry rebelled against W. Ford of Bengal Civil Services, the then collector and district magistrate of Gurgaon. Ford was compelled to leave creating a political vacuum, and Mewatis rose against the British. This however was for a short time, as throughout October 1857, Brigadier General Showers severely punished the turbulent Meos, Gujjars, Ranghars and Ahirs, and other rebel princes. Carrying fire and sword, far and wide, General Showers went on a rampage, killing people and indiscriminately burning houses between Dharuhera and Tauru. As a punishment for siding with the mutineers, British Administration deliberately neglected Gurgaon region between 1857 and World War-I, educationally and economically. There was slight modification in this policy when people of this area contributed liberally in men and money during World War-I. In the phase of nationalist movement, Gurgaon observed a partial hartal (strike) on 10th April, 1919. The battle of Indian freedom enlisted the support and active participation of people from this area. Page No. I-1

Roots of Mirza Ghalib Very recently, Haryana Urdu Academy researchers have found out that the famous Urdu Poet Mirza Ghalib had roots in Gurgaon. The research has established that the 19th century poet, who has his dilapidated haveli in Gali Qasim Jaan at Ballimaran in walled city of Delhi, was related to the Royal family of Ferozepur Jhirka in Gurgaon District. Mirza Ghalib's wedding with Umrao Begum was performed here and he was a regular visitor to Nawab of Loharu near Gurgaon. Post-Independent India The partition of the country in 1947 saw a mass exodus of Muslims from Gurgaon to West Pakistan and vice-versa. Camps for the refugees were arranged in Bhim Nagar, Arjun Nagar and Gaushala. Gurgaon has not looked back since then. 15th August, 1979 was a landmark for Gurgaon, when Gurgaon, an old district from British days was carved out as a new district amongst 12 other districts of Haryana, after exclusion of Faridabad. With the formation of Haryana Urban Development Authority (HUDA), under Haryana Urban Development Act, 1977, the development of Gurgaon is taking place by leaps and bounds. Whereas Maruti Udyog Limited (MUL) has given much fillip to bring Gurgaon on international map. For a rapid growth of Gurgaon, the Director, Town & Country Planning has involved private sector organisations like DLF, Ansals, Unitech etc. besides HUDA, towards development of residential sectors, as well as many commercial areas. The industrial areas are being development by HSIDC, and Udyog Vihar is now proud to have many multinational companies. The commercial complexes developed, or in the process of development, like Plaza Tower, Corporate Park, Gateway Tower, Nestle Tower, DLF Square, Signature Towers, Global Business Park etc. are comparable to any such complexes around the world. Today, Gurgaon can also boast of a five star Hotel Bristol already functioning in DLF City-l. A number of clubs have come up in Gurgaon such as DLF Gymkhana Club, Ansal's Chancellor Club, South City Club, HUDA Gymkhana Club and Utopia Club. DLF Golf & Country Club is the first of its kind in the area, with day & night Golf playing facilities. The development of Gurgaon is proceeding in accordance with the concept of NCR, and thus being developed as a satellite town of Delhi. Management Development Institute, Haryana Institute of Public Administration, Staff Colleges of Premier Banks are already functioning in Gurgaon. The Rose Garden in Sector 15-1, Citizen's Park in Sector 15-11, HUDA Park bordering Sector 14 and Leisure Valley Park in Sector 29 are pretty beautiful places to enjoy evenings.

1.1

Environmental Background

Protection of Environment from the degradation caused by industrial development is the present watchword for the survival of the human civilization. The World Environment Conference of June, 1992 at Rio-de-Janeiro underlined the commitment of the Governments throughout the world and reinforced the need of immediate action plan to protect the Page No. I-2

environment for future generation. It is also recognized that mineral mining and processing certainly contribute to the national and global environmental problems and there is need to protect the biodiversity of the world. Broadly speaking, Berlin Guidelines (Mining & Environment) suggested (as adopted in Harare Conference) the following: ..Sustainable mining activities require good environmental stewardship in all activities, from exploration and processing to decommissioning and reclamation. It acknowledges the importance of integrating environmental and economic considerations in the decision making process and the fact that the mineral deposits are unique in their occurrence. It recognizes the importance of mining to the social, economic and material needs of society, in particular for the developing countries. Sustainable mining under appropriate environmental guidelines is based on interaction between industry, governments, non-governmental organizations and the public, directed towards optimizing economic development while minimizing environmental degradation. The need for such guidelines is recognized by industry, governments and international agencies. It is also recognized that the political will of the governments, together with commitment of industry management and of the community, are the essential conditions needed to enforce environmental legislation and more importantly to ensure compliance with all the applicable laws for the protection of the environment, employees and the public. The United Nations organized Inter-Regional Seminar on Guidelines for the Development of small and medium scale mining held in February, 1993 at Harare, Zimbabwe recommended the following under the Environmental Section.
IX. Government and their agencies should take into account the Berlin Guidelines and have a responsibility to: d. e. f. Make the small and medium scale mining sector aware of their potential to cause environmental damage and their responsibility to minimize it; Ensure effective local monitoring and control systems; Encourage the development and use of environmental friendly technologies.

Aravali Hills The Aravalli range, stretching from Palanpur in Gujarat to Delhi, divides Rajasthan into three distinct climatic regions. In this range, the Udaipur zone is estimated to be around 300 million years old. It is, therefore, not surprising that the range is a unique amphitheatre of biological diversity. But with the man-animal conflict on the increase, it is feared that the spectacular biodiversity of the Aravallis will be totally lost by the mid 21st century.
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The Aravallis, most distinctive and ancient mountain chain of peninsular India, mark the site of one of the oldest geological formations in the world. Heavily eroded and with exposed outcrops of slate rock and granite, it has summits reaching 4950 feet above sea level.

Due to its geographical location, the range harbours a mix of Saharan, Ethiopian, peninsular, oriental and even Malayan elements of flora and fauna. However, very few studies have been carried out on the ecology of this mountain system. In the early part of this century, the Aravallis were well wooded. There were dense forests with waterfalls and one could encounter a large number of wild animals. Today, the changes in the environment at Aravali are severe. The foothills of the Aravallis on the west fall in the rain shadow of the 1,721-metre-high hill Guru Shikar and a number of dry deciduous desert plants like babool have overgrown the land. On the eastern rain-fed foothills, the vegetation is typical of sub-humid climate: date palm and other trees. In the higher altitudes the vegetation is mesic: mostly sagwan and sheesham. The bushes are dominated by karonda and thor.

Though one finds a number of tree species in the hills, timber quality trees have almost disappeared. Hillock after hillock used to be covered by bamboo. Today, bamboo clumps survive only near temples or forest outposts. However, distribution of wildlife was not restricted to regions as in the case of vegetation. The lion, which is presently restricted to the Sason Gir sanctuary of Gujarat, was found on Page No. I-4

the southwestern foothills of Aravallis. But after the killing of two lionesses at Anadra in 1862, these majestic beasts have not been spotted in the region. The tiger, panther, leopard and sloth bear were very common too. Middle-sized carnivores like the jungle cat, civet, carcal, wolf, jackal and mongoose were found in abundance. Herbivorous large mammals like the wild boar, sambhar and spotted deer were plentiful. The chinkara, black buck and the blue bull were found in the foothills. The jungle fowl was the pride of Abu hill. Today the region presents a vastly different scenario. Tigers, medium sized carnivores and the herbivores have all vanished. Panthers are invading villages for food. The remaining population of sloth bears is thriving on lantana berries. The only species untouched is the primates, which are protected by religious sentiment. The British had promulgated a legislation Abu Wildlife Protection Act in 1889, which was followed till the Raj existed. Thereafter, the common man took to indiscriminate felling of trees and killing of wild animals, firstly for food and then for trade. Wildlife can sustain regulated shikar but certainly not wanton killing for trade. The main Aravalli range has become a prime tourist centre for Gujarat and Rajasthan. As a consequence, hotels have sprung up everywhere. All the wild fruit like figs, jamun, mango and date, are harvested for selling to the tourists. Man has usurped the natural food of wild animals. Agriculture has reached the highest altitude of the hills. The native habitat has shrunk. Grazing by livestock is rampant and there is very little shelter for wild animals. In spite of the fact that three wildlife sanctuaries and five closed areas have been declared, there is heavy biotic pressure on the main Aravalli range. With the human population on the increase, their demand from the forest has correspondingly gone up. Some serious thinking and implementation of laws has to be undertaken if the ecology of the Aravalli mountain system is to be saved. In this regard, many representations were received by Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF), Government of India about the mounting ecological problems in the Aravali Region. It was also noted that the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 and the Punjab Land Preservation Act, 1900 were being violated. The matter was taken up with the states of Haryana and Rajasthan and subsequently in the year 1990, a writ petition was filed in the Supreme Court to take suitable corrective action. In order to save the threatened eco-system in the Gurgaon district of Haryana and Alwar district of Rajasthan, a draft notification under the provisions of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 was issued with the objective of regulating certain selected activities. The notification [under section 3(1) and 3(2) of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and rule 5(3) (d) of the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986] was gazetted on 7th May, 1992. This is appended as Annexure-I in this report.

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1.2

Genesis

In the Aravali Hills, a large number of mining activities, operation of stone crushers and pulverizes, deforestation and unplanned construction activities are causing environmental degradation. These mines are usually located in clusters in remote mineral rich districts / areas where living standards is lower and understanding of people towards environmental impacts is also poor. In the past, mine operators took no note of environmental damage. In fact, they were not even conscious about it. The attitude of mining community is to ignore the environmental concerns. In majority of the cases, the environmental concerns are ignored for making quick profits. The small mines (< 5 hectares) and the mining of minor minerals which are no doubt small individually but have damaging characteristics when in clusters e.g. the mines of granite, marble, slates, quartzite etc. (falling under minor minerals) are no less damaging than the others, especially when the processing is taken into consideration. The mining activities in the region results in disturbance of land surface, altering drainage pattern and land use, besides the pollution problems. This may lead to the following environmental problems: 1.2.1 Air Pollution

The air pollution is generated in the mines mainly by the mining operations like drilling, blasting, moving of heavy earth moving machineries (HEMMs) on haul roads, collection, transportation and handling of minerals, their screening, sizing and segregation etc. The main air pollutants in the mining areas is particulate matter especially Respirable Particulate Matter (RPM). However, SO2 and NOx are also existing due to vehicular emissions, DG sets exhaust, domestic use of fuels etc. High level of suspended particulate matter is attributed to increase in respiratory diseases such as chronic bronchitis and asthma cases. 1.2.2 Water Pollution

The major sources of water pollution in the mines area are the carryover of the suspended solids (overburden dumps) in the drainage system to the mine sump water and storm water drainage. 1.2.3 Noise Pollution

The main sources of noise pollution are blasting, movement of heavy earth moving machineries (HEMMs), drilling and mineral processing plant. 1.2.4 Solid Waste

The main source of solid waste in the mining area is the overburden. The other environmental problems associated with the mining activities are: Page No. I-6

Overburden management Air pollution caused by pulverisers Land degradation during mining activity and its reclamation Deforestation during mining activity and compensatory afforestation

The other activities causing environmental degradation in the Aravali Hills in the state of Haryana are stone crushers, unplanned construction activities, unattended excavated mine pits, disturbance in the underground aquifers, disturbance of flora and fauna, social environment, topography etc. This project is initiated with a quest to meet the objectives as given in the next section in this chapter to protect the environmental degradation of the Aravali Hills. Central Mine Planning & Design Institute (CMPDI) Limited, a subsidiary of Coal India Limited (a Government of India Enterprise) was appointed as consultant for this project by Central Pollution Control Board, vide letter No. B-31-11/68/2000/PCI-II/20054 dated 15th November, 2000.

1.3

Objectives

This project has been undertaken with the following objectives:

To prepare status report of the pollution problems in the Aravali Hills To prepare environmental management plan to abate various environmental problems To prepare action plan for restoration of environmental quality

1.4

Scope of Work

Aravali ranges in the Gurgaon district in Haryana along with Alwar district of Rajasthan have been notified (may 1992) as ecologically sensitive areas; therefore in-depth study of the area is essential. This document has been prepared by collecting information through questionnaire, State Boards, industrial units and field studies. Data from other governmental agencies has also been obtained. Following is the scope of work of this project: 1.4.1 o o o Base Line Data Generation Preparation of land cover map which include physiography, geology, drainage pattern, water bodies, soil and vegetation cover The information on land use pattern would be collected from published data, state officials and by actual field studies Micro-meteorological data would be collected from the nearest IMD station for impact assessment on environment due to mining and other industrial activities, as

Page No. I-7

this is a regional study covering Alwar district of Rajasthan and Gurgaon district in Haryana in the Aravali region. Data on present ambient air quality, water quality from wells, flowing streams (if any) and ponds etc. Soil quality and noise level would be collected through monitoring stations on an area network in the study area. Demographic and socioeconomic details would be collected through studies by scrutiny of the published documents and field survey. Terrestrial ecological data including meteorological data of the area would be collected from government departments.

1.4.2

In-depth Study

This includes the following: o o o In-depth study into the process, technology used and other environmental aspects have to be conducted for mining and other industrial activities. Assessment of pollution generation by mining and other industrial activities. Study of reuse and recovery of the wastes.

1.4.3

Literature Survey

The literature survey includes the following: o o o Related literature on the field from India and other developed countries will be compiled The best feasible technology for mining and other industrial activities in the area will be identified The pollution prevention and control technology prevalent in the area and the clean technology to be identified.

1.4.4

Environmental Impact Assessment

Based on the data generated, the impact on environment due to the industrial activities and mining will be assessed. The environmental impacts of the cluster of the proposed mines and processing units, under the present environmental scenario will be addressed separately.

1.4.5

Environmental Management Plan

Based on the findings, the environmental management plan will be prepared.

1.4.6

Guidelines for Pollution Prevention

The guidelines for pollution prevention comprises of the following: Page No. I-8

o o

Guidelines for pollution prevention for the mine operations and the allied activities will be prepared. These guidelines will include long-term and short-term afforestation guidelines and programmers.

1.4.7
o o

Preparation of Action Plan

Short term and long term action plan for the restoration of environmental quality of the area to be prepared separately. The action plan will be prepared in such a way that it should be a guiding tool also in the hands of the state pollution control boards and government agencies for enforcement of the environmental laws for the restoration of environmental quality of the area.

1.4.8

Laboratory Facilities and Monitoring Frequency Required by the Mines and Other Industries
Details of the laboratory facilities required by the mines and other industries to conduct monitoring to assess the environmental quality Monitoring programme including frequency of monitoring for air quality, water quality, ground water, solid wastes, noise level etc.

o o

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CHAPTER-II STUDY AREA PROFILE

2.1 Location and Extent

The Gurgaon district is one of the southern districts of Haryana. The district lies between latitude 270 39' North to 280 32' North and longitude 760 39' East to 770 20' East. On its north are the districts of Rohtak and the Union territory of Delhi, on its east the Faridabad district. Its south the district shares boundary with the state of UP and Rajasthan. On its west lies the district of Rewari and the state of Rajasthan. The total area of the district is 2716 sq. kms. Gurgaon town is situated only 32 kms south-west of New Delhi, the capital city of India. The district has sub-tropical, continental monsoon climate. The normal annual rainfall in the district is 553 mm. Temperature starts rising in March. The mean daily maximum temperature is about 41oC in the months of May and June.

2.2

Physiography and Drainage

The district comprises of hills on the one hand and depressions on the other, forming irregular and diverse nature of topography. Two ridges i.e. Firojpur Jhirka-Delhi ridge forms the western boundary and Delhi ridge forms the eastern boundary of the district. These hills are northern continuation of Aravalli hills. The north-western part of the district is covered with sand dunes lying in the westerly direction due to south-western winds. The extension of the Aravalli hills and the presence of sand dunes collectively form the diverse physiography of the district. The drainage of the district is typical of arid and semi-arid areas. It comprises of large depressions and seasonal streams. Important depressions of the district are Khalilpur lake, Chandani lake, Sangel-Ujhina lake, Kotla dahar lake and Najafgarh lake. Sahibi and Indrani are two important seasonal streams of the district. The physiographic map of the district is given in plate no. 2.1.

2.3

Geology and Soils

Gurgaon district is occupied by quaternary alluvium and pre-cambrian meta-sediments of Delhi System. Delhi super-group is represented by Alwar quartizites, mica schists and pegmatite intrusives of the Alwar series and slates of phyllites and quartzites of the subrecent alluvium and sand dunes. The soils are sand to loamy sand in sandy plain areas. Sandy loam to clay loam/silty clay loam in alluvial plains, loam sand to loam & calcareous in salt affected plains; silty loam to loam in low lands and loamy sand to loam & calcareous in hills. Taxonomically these soils may be classified as Typic Ustipsamments, Typic Ustorthents, Typic/Udic/Aquic Ustochrepts, Typic Haplaquepts and skeletal/Lithic Ustorthents

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2.3.1

Alwar Series

Alwar series is represented by quartzites and mica schists with pegmatite intrusives. The quartzites are white, pale grey or pale pinkish, purple in colour with red and brown shades depending upon the weathering of the iron oxide present in them. These are in general vitreous, close textured, thickly bedded and highly jointed. The quartzite predominate in the district and form high north-south trending hill range in the west and north-east, southwest trending ridge in the northern part of the district. The quartzites generally strike in the north-north-east to south-south-west direction and have easterly dips. Bedding, dip and strike joints dipping against the dip of the beds are prominent and give rise to rectangular blocks. These quartzites are used for building & road materials. The quartzites are compact & devoid of interstial spaces. Ground water occurs in joints and fracture planes in them under favourable conditions.

2.3.2

Ajabgarh Series

The Ajabgarh series constitute the upper member of the Delhi System and is represented by slate, phyllite, quartzite with pegmatite intrusives. The Ajabgarh series along with Alwar are folded. The north-north-east to south-south-west running ridge and its other offshoots in the south western part of the area are formed of these rocks. The core of the ridge is formed of quartzites and slates. The phyllites occur at the base of the hills and below the adjacent alluvium. The quartzite shows false bedding at places and are less close textured than Alwar quartzites. These quartzites form low small hillocks and long narrow interrupted ridges striking north-north-east to south-south-west directions in the east of Sohna ridge. The slate and phyllite are calcerous and ferruginous. The rocks of the series are compact and devoid of interstial spaces. The phyllites and slates are highly jointed whereas quartzites sparingly jointed. The ground water occurs in the open joints and fractured planes and in the weathered zones. The phyllite and slates are better water bearing formations than quartzites. The geological and soil map of the district is given in plate no. 2.2 & 2.3 respectively.

Alluvium:
The alluvium in the area comprises silt, sand, gravel, clay and kankar. It has been divided into older alluvium and newer alluvium.

Older Alluvium
The old alluvium occurs in the most part of the district. It comprises of generally poorly sorted silt, sand, gravel and clay. The silt constitutes fine wind blown variety along with kankar. These are compact, hard and composed essentially of calcium carbonate and is very common in northern parts of the area between Farukhnagar and Garhi Harsru. Page No. II-2

Ground water in the older alluvium occurs in the interstices of constituent grains of sand and silt. The presence of kankar in the formation reduces the pore spaces, which in turn reduces the capacity to store and transmit water thus making them poor water bearing formations. Newer Alluvium The newer or recent alluvium covers the eastern part of the area, east of the Sohna ridge. It comprises mainly stream laid silt, sand clay and calcareous modules. These deposits are lenticular in shape. It is also found in the west of Sohna ridge where streams have deposited in the form of discontinuous bands and at the foothill slopes where ephemeral streams have brought down the weathered materials from the hills. The newer alluvium being less impregnated with calcareous material are good water bearing horizons. 2.3.3 Sand Dunes

The disintegration of rock material has ultimately given rise to various grades of sand and silt. The strong winds carry them from place of origin and deposit in the form of large humps called sand dunes. These sediments forming dunes have been brought from adjacent Rajasthan to this area with the prevailing wind conditions. These sand dunes are seen in the whole of the area but are more conspicuous in the area between Pataudi, Farukhnagar and Garhi Harsru and attain heights of 3-6m in general. The dune sand is generally well sorted, found fine to medium grained and comprises quartz, ferromagnesian minerals, tiny flakes of mica with small particles of kankar. The sand is loose and dunes keep shifting their positions depending upon the prevailing wind condition. The sand dunes being accumulation of loose sand and silt are good water bearing horizons but their limited aerial extent limits the reservoir capacity. 2.4 Bed Rock Topography

The boreholes drilled in the area give an idea of the thickness of the alluvium and the bedrock topography. From the data of exploratory drilling, it is observed that rocks of Ajabgarh series of the Delhi system, form the basement in the middle part of the district between north-south running high ridge and NNE-SSW running ridge. The maximum running thickness of alluvium encountered in this part of the area is 238 metres. It is observed from the map showing depth to bedrock in the area that the thickness of alluvium increases toward north and north-eastern parts of the area, where it is more than 238 metres below ground level. Alluvial thickness varies from almost insignificant to above 203 m, in the western side of the Sohna ridge and around Pataudi, as revealed by boreholes drilled at Rajpura, Bohra Kalan and Didhara. The Haryana State Minor Irrigation Tube-well Corporation and Ground Water

Page No. II-3

Cell, Agricultural Department has also drilled boreholes for irrigation purpose. But in no borehole, bedrock has been encountered.

2.5

Meteorology

Temperature: The temperature data at the meteorological observatory, Gurgaon reveals that from the end of February, temperature begins to increase rapidly till May. May and June are the hottest months with mean daily temperature at Gurgaon about 40o C and the mean minimum daily temperature of about 25o C. The daily mean maximum temperature varies from 21.4o C in January to 40o C in May. Days are little hotter in May than in June whereas nights are cooler in May than in June. From April onwards, hot westerly dust ladden winds causes heat wave conditions and the weather of the district becomes intensely hot and unpleasant. Maximum daily temperature in May often reaches above 45o C. Occasional dust and thunder storms bring some relief from heat. With the advancement of monsoon currents into the district by the end of June, there is appreciable drop in day temperature and the weather becomes comparatively cool in the day. After the withdrawal of the monsoon by about the middle of the September, the day temperature are still high as in monsoon months but night temperatures begin to drop progressively. The fall in temperature both day and night are rapid from October to January. Generally January is the coldest month. The mean daily maximum and minimum temperatures are about 21o C and 5o C respectively. During the cold weather season, the district is affected by cold waves in association with the western disturbances and on such occasions, the minimum temperature may drop to the freezing point. Humidity: The relative humidity in the air is generally high during the period of south west monsoon from July to September. It is about 77% during morning hours and 65% during evening hours. The minimum humidity of 43% is recorded in May during morning hours and the maximum relative humidity of 82% is experienced in August during morning hours. May is the driest month of the year when humidity is less than 30%. Winds: Winds are comparatively high in the district with some strengthening in speed during the summer and monsoon months. During the monsoon season, winds are mostly from the east or south-east directions. During rest of the year, winds are predominantly from the west or north-west directions. The winds have maximum speed of about 7.0 kms/hr during May to June and have a minimum average speed of about 3.2 kms/hr from November to December. Table-2.1 shows the mean velocity monthly wind speed in kmph.

Page No. II-4

Table-2.1: Temperature, Relative Humidity and Wind Speed in the District (1974-97) Months January February March April May June July August September September October November December Temperature (Mean daily in o C) 21.4 5.1 23.5 7.5 29.8 12.4 37.1 19.1 40.0 23.7 39.5 26.7 35.0 26.1 33.3 25.1 34.3 22.8 34.3 22.8 33.8 17.6 28.9 10.7 23.4 6.1 Relative Humidity in % 75 69 60 45 43 56 77 82 72 72 59 64 71 48 42 35 25 28 39 66 71 58 58 40 43 46 Wind Speed in km/hr 3.7 4.5 5.5 5.8 6.7 7.6 6.3 3.9 4.3 4.3 3.6 3.2 3.2

Rainfall: The normal rainfall in the district is about 578 mm spread over 28 days. The southwest monsoon sets in the last week of June and withdraws towards the end of the September and contributes about 80% of the annual rainfall. July and August are the wettest months. 20% of the annual rainfall occurs during the non-monsoon months in the wake of thunder storms and western disturbances. Rainfall distribution in the district is quite uneven which increases from 450 mm in the south at Farukhnagar to 750 mm in the east. The annual rainfall data from 1974 to 2002 have been analysed by Central Ground Water Board, Chandigarh to understand the rainfall trend in the district. The data indicates that variation in annual rainfall is significant and large. This is summarized under the following table-2.2. Table-2.2 : Annual Rainfall Analysis of Gurgaon District Year 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 Rainfall (mm) 500 574 654 613 727 365 464 546 % Deviation from normal -14 -1 +13 +6 +27 -36 -20 -6 Status Normal Normal Normal Normal Excess Deficient Deficient Normal Drought

Moderate Drought

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1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 * data not analyzed

514 1022 604 836 267 404 715 413 694 536 548 703 643 990 1128 630 654 549 437 523 359

-11 +77 +5 +45 -54 -30 +24 -29 +20 -7 -5 +22 +11 +71 +95 +9 * * * * *

Normal Excess Normal Excess Deficient Deficient Excess Deficient Excess Normal Normal Excess Normal Excess Excess Normal * * * * *

Severe drought Moderate drought Moderate drought

The monthly normal rainfall (average of five years from 1994-98) is shown in Table-2.3 below: Table-2.3: Monthly normal rainfall (Average of five years 1994-98)
District Gurgaon Jan 12.2 Feb 9.3 Mar 4.9 Apr 0.9 May 6.2 Monthly Rainfall (in mm) Jun July Aug Sept 82.8 181.0 258.0 121.9 Oct 5.4 Nov 3.4 Dec 0.4 Total 686.4

2.6

Land Cover Map

Land is the most important natural resource endowment on which all human activities are based. Therefore, knowledge on different type of land use as well as its spatial distribution in the form of map and statistical data is vital for spatial planning and management of land and its optimal use. The need for information on land use /cover pattern has gained importance due to the all-round concern on environmental impact of industrial development. The information on land use inventory that includes type, spatial distribution, aerial extent, location, rate and pattern of change of each category of land is of paramount importance for formulating Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for developmental planning. The existing information available on land use is mainly in the form of statistical data based on

Page No. II-6

the compilation of village record that are inadequate and do not provide an up-to-date information on changing land use pattern and process. Realising the need of creating an environmental database for eco-fragile regions with respect to land, water, forest, communication network, built-up land, the thematic maps using remote sensing data of Aravali Hill Region (Gurgaon District) were prepared to chalk out Action Plan for restoration of environmental quality. These maps will form the database for assessing the environmental impact in the region on land use pattern; and for formulating the remedial measures for restoration of environmental quality.

Data Source
The following data are used in the present study:

Primary Data Satellite data [IRS-1D/LISS-III; Band# 2,3,4; Date 05-04-2001; Digital image data on optical disk media] was used as primary data source for the study. The raw satellite data was obtained from NRSA, Hyderabad, on CD-ROM media. Secondary Data Secondary (ancillary) and ground data constitute an important baseline information in remote sensing, as they improve the interpretation accuracy and reliability of remotely sensed data by enabling verification of the interpreted details and by supplementing it with the information that cannot be obtained directly from the remotely sensed data. The following secondary data were used in the study: Survey of India topographical maps 53 D, 53 D/14/15/16, 53 H, 53 H/2/3/4, 54 A & 54 E Other supporting data like surface layout plan, location maps and district planning maps prepared by NATMO (National Atlas & Thematic Mapping Organisation), State and other government agencies.

Land Use Classification

The array of information available on land use/cover requires be arranging or grouping under a suitable framework, in order to facilitate the creation of a land use inventory and mapping. Further, to accommodate the changing land use/cover pattern, it becomes essential to develop a standardised classification system that is not only flexible in nomenclature and definition, but also capable of incorporating information obtained from the satellite data and other different sources. The present framework of land use/cover classification has been primarily based on the Manual of Nationwide Land Use/ Land Cover Mapping Using Satellite Imagery developed by National Remote Sensing Agency, Hyderabad. Land use map was prepared on

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the basis of image interpretation carried out based on the satellite data for the year 2001 on 1:50,000 scale. Following land use/cover classes are identified in Gurgaon district (Table-2.4).

Table-2.4 : Land use/cover classes identified in Gurgaon District Level -I 1 Built-Up Land Level II 1.1 Urban 1.2 Rural 1.3 Industrial 3.1 Crop land 3.2 Fallow land 2.1 Dense Forest 2.2 Open Forest 2.3 Scrub 4.1 Salt affected land 4.2 Barren rocky land 4.3 Gullied land 5.1 Surface water bodies

2 3

Agricultural Land Forest

4 5

Wasteland Water bodies

Data Analysis
Satellite data of the Gurgaon region was processed using EASI/PACE v.7.0 image processing system in order to interpret the various land use/cover classes present in the study area. FCC of Gurgaon region (LISS III ; 2,3,4) is given plate no. 2.4. The FCC was further classified for land use/cover classes and the area of each land use/cover is tabulated in Table-2.5. The detailed land use/cover map of the study area is given in Plate no. 2.5.

Table-2.5 : Land use/cover Pattern in Gurgaon District of Haryana based on IRS1D (LISS-III) Satellite Data of April 2001 # Level-I Level-II Area Sq.Km. 1. Built-up land (i) Urban (ii) Rural (iii) Industrial Sub-total: 2. Agricultural land (i) Crop land (ii) Fallow land Sub-total: 3. Vegetation Cover (i) Dense forest (ii) Open forest 177.66 4.15 10.15 191.96 989.03 909.19 1898.22 44.97 105.29 % 6.43 0.15 0.37 6.95 35.83 32.94 68.77 1.63 3.81

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(iii) Scrubs 4. Wasteland Sub-total: (i) Salt affected land (ii) Barren rocky land (iii) Gullied land Sub-total: (i) Surface water bodies Total Area:

5.

Water Bodies

79.61 229.87 210.56 204.03 24.21 438.80 1.15 2760.00

2.88 8.32 7.62 7.39 0.87 15.88 0.04

2.6.1

Built-up land

All the man-made constructions covering the land surface are included under this category. It includes urban, rural settlements & industrial complexes. In the study area, the urban settlements identified on the imagery cover an area 177.66 Km2. Apart from urban settlements, number of small villages sporadically located in the area covering 4.15 Km2 area and industrial complexes cover an area of 10.15 km2. Study indicates that built-up land constitutes only 6.95% of the total study area.

2.6.2

Agriculture land

Land primarily used for farming and production of food, fibre and other commercial and horticultural crops falls under this category. It includes cropland and fallow land. Croplands are those agricultural lands where standing crop occurs on the date of satellite imagery. Crops may be either kharif or rabi. Fallow land are also agricultural land which is taken up for cultivation but temporarily allowed to rest, un-cropped for one or more seasons. These lands are those, which are seen devoid of crops at the time when the imagery is taken. Analysis of the data indicates that the total area of agriculture land is 1898.03 Km2 (68.77%) in the study area; out of which 989.03 Km2 (35.83%) is the cropland and 909.19 Km2 (32.94%) is the fallow land.

2.6.3

Forest cover

It is an area bearing an association predominantly of trees and other vegetation type capable of producing timber and other forest produce. Forest cover is classified into the following three sub-classes based on crown density as per modified FAO-1963 (Food & Agricultural Organisation of United Nations) norms: (a) dense forest (crown density more than 40%), (b) open/degraded forest (crown density between 10% to 40%), and (c) scrubs (crown density less than 10%). Analysis of the satellite data reveals that total area of forest cover in the study area is 229.87 Km2 (8.32%); out of which 44.97 Km2 (1.63%) is the dense forest, 105.29 Km2 (3.81%) is the open forest and 79.61 Km2 (2.88%) is the scrubs.

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2.6.4

Wasteland

Wasteland is a degraded and under-utilised class of land that has deteriorated on account of natural causes or due to lack of appropriate water and soil management. Wasteland can result from inherent/imposed constraints such as location, environment, chemical and physical properties of the soil or financial or other management constraints (NWDB, 1987). Analysis of the data reveals that the total area of wasteland in the study area is 438.80 Km2 (15.88%); out of which the area of salt affected land is 210.56 km2 (7.62%), the area of barren rocky land is 204.03 Km2 (7.39%) and gullied land covers 24.21 km2 (0.87%).

2.6.5

Water bodies

A number of small-impounded water tanks, rivers and streams are present in the study area. Area of water bodies is 1.15 Km2 (0.04%) in the study area. 2.7 Classification of Area

The classification of area of the district is given in Table-7 in Annexure-II. This categorises the land into forestland, land not available for cultivation, other uncultivable land, fallow land etc. The net area in irrigation, gross area irrigated and gross cropped area, gross area irrigated in the district crop wise are shown in Table-8 to Table-10 respectively in AnnexureII. 2.8 Operational Holdings

The number and area of operational holdings by size groups in the district is shown in Table-2.6. The majority of holdings are of medium size as evident from the Table-2.5.
Table-2.6: Number & Area of Operational Holdings by Size Groups in Haryana: 1995-96 (Provisional) Size Groups (in Hectares) < 0.5 0.5-1.0 1.0-2.0 2.0-3.0 3.0-4.0 4.0-5.0 5.0-7.5 7.5-10.0 10.0-20.0 > 20.0 Total Average Size of Holding No. 38,941 29,827 27,061 12,488 6,346 3,691 4,374 1,747 479 243 1,25,197 Gurgaon Area (in Ha) 11,143 21,673 39,726 28,535 20,622 15,633 23,428 13,788 5,776 6,997 1,87,321 1.50

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2.9

Forest Area

The area under forests is shown in Table-19 in Annexure-II. As per the provisional figures, around 2 sq kms area is under reserved forest category, 20 sq kms is under protected category and about 1 sq km is under unclassed category. About 27 sq km area is under private forests. Thus, total of 50 sq kms area is under forest category. The percentage of land area under forests and forest area per lakh of population is shown in Table-20 in Annexure-II. 2.10 Fertiliser Consumption and Tubewells The fertilizer consumption in the district is shown in Table-2.7 below. The no. of tube wells and pumping sets in detailed in Table-11 in Annexure-II. Since the surface water potential is not promising, there is increased dependence on the ground water for agricultural and other needs. Also, for the agriculture, there seems to be more emphasis on the use of chemical fertilizers.
Table-2.7: Fertiliser Consumption in Gurgaon District District Gurgaon Consumption of Fertilizer (in tones in the year 1999-2000) N P K Total 20,720 8,497 87 29,304

2.11 Live Stock Population The inventory of livestock and poultry in the district is presented in Annexure-II from Table-12 to Table-18. This includes types of livestock under various categories. The table shows that there is sizeable number of sheeps and goats in the district, which is of major concern as far protection of Aravali forests is concerned. 2.12 Mineral Resources The district is rich in kaolin and silica sand. The production of mineral ores in the district for the year 1999-2000 is shown in Table-21 in Annexure-II. A number of mines exist in the district, which produce various minerals. The location of mining and crusher activities in the hill ranges is shown in Plate-2.6. The inventory of the mines is shown in Annexure-II. 2.12.1 Grant of Mining Leases

The grant of mining leases and their regulations in the Haryana State is covered under Punjab Minor Mineral Concession Rules, 1964 (as adopted by Haryana Government). The provisions are as under: Page No. II-11

Type of Concessions Three types of mineral concessions are available under these rules. They are: Mining lease Contract and Short Term Permit The Mining Lease means a lease to mine, quarry, bore, dig and search for win, work and carry away any minor minerals specified therein. The Contract means a contract given on behalf o the Government to carry win, work and carry away any mineral specified therein, through open auction or by inviting tenders for certain specified areas, notified by the Director of Mines and Geology. A short-term permit means a permit granted to extract a certain quantity of mineral for the period specified in the permit. 2.12.2 Procedure for Grant of Mining Lease No mining lease may be granted: I. In respect of land within a distance of 60 meters from any village or national highway II. In respect of any such minor mineral as the Government may notify in this behalf, and III. To a person who does not hold a certificate of approval from the Director of Mines and Geology. An application for the mining lease is made to the State Government through the Director of Mines and Geology or any other officer authorized by the Government in this behalf, in the form prescribed in the rules, accompanied by a fee of Rs 2000/-, an Income Tax Clearance Certificate from the Income Tax officer concerned and a certificate of approval. This application is supposed to contain particulars about the status, nationality, profession and residence of the applicant, name of the minor mineral to be mined; a description illustrated by a map or plan showing as accurately as possible the situation, boundaries and area of the land in respect of which land is sought; the period for which lease is required and the purpose for which mineral is to be used. Priority in granting mining lease is proposed to be given in the following order: The discoverer of the new mineral; A person who intends to set-up a mineral based industry in the state; A co-operative society. Page No. II-12

Where two or more persons of the same category apply for a mining lease over the same land, the applicant whose application is received earlier has a preferential right for the grant over an applicant whose application is received later. Where such applications are received on the same day, the Government may grant the lease to one of the applicants as it deems fit, after taking into consideration their experience in mining, financial soundness, stability and special knowledge of the geology and mining and the technical staff already employed or to be employed for the work. The Government, may for special reasons to be recorded in writing, grant a mining lease to an applicant whose application is received later in preference to an earlier applicant. These rules also empower the State Government to give preference to one party over another for the grant of a mining lease or contract, as the case may be, in case it considers that working of these deposits by that party will be beneficial in the public interest. After the lease is granted, the applicant must deposit, as security, a sum of Rs five lakhs for mining leases upto 50 Hectares, 7.5 lakhs for leases exceeding 50 hectares-75 hectares and Rs 10 lakhs for leases exceeding 75 hectares, for due observance of the terms and conditions of the lease. Provided further that in addition to the royalty, lessee shall also be liable to pay lease fee at the rate specified in the said rules. The lease is required to be executed in the prescribed form within three months of the order sanctioning the lease. After the lease is granted, arrangement shall be made, if necessary, at the expense of the lessee for the survey and demarcation of the area granted under the lease. Contract The contract is granted only in such cases as the Government may, by general or special order, direct. The contract is granted either by public auction or tender. In either case, the usual procedure in this regard is followed. When a bid is conformed or a tender is accepted, the bidder or tenderer is required to execute a deed in the prescribed form within one month from the date of communication of acceptance of bid or tender. The contractors are required to supply to consumers or allow them to excavate building stone, limestone, kankar and bajri at the rate specified in the Third Schedule for their bonafide personal use or for the construction of building meant for charitable or philanthropic purposes. Short Term Permit Permits may be issued only in respect of those areas for which the Government has not sanctioned grant of lease or contract. An application for the grant of a permit must be made to the Director or any other officer authorized by him in this behalf. The application and contain the particulars regarding name, address and profession of the applicant, quantity of minor mineral for which permit is sought, name of the minor mineral which is to be extracted, description i.e. Page No. II-13

name of village, area and Khasara Nos. of the land from which the minor mineral is to be extracted and the purpose for which the minor mineral is to be used. .. If the lands from which the minor mineral is to be extracted from occupied lands, then the application should also be accompanied by a letter from the occupants of such lands to the effect that he has no objection to the extraction of the minor minerals by the applicant. Every permit contains the condition that the depth of the pit below the surface shall not exceed three feet. 2.12.3 Period and Area of Mining lease The period for which a mining lease may be granted is five years at the first instances, unless the government allows a longer period not exceeding ten years. The mining lease may be renewed for one or two periods not exceeding the period for which the mining lease was originally granted. A mining lease may be granted for such area as the Government may deem fit. No lessee by himself or with any person joint in interest with him, may ordinarily hold in aggregate more than 5 sq kms of the area under lease in respect of one minor mineral within the state. The area under a mining lease shall be rectangular as far as possible and its length should not exceed four times its breadth. However, the government may relax this condition in any particular case. The application for grant of mining lease should relate to a compact area. Contract Each contract will ordinarily be auctioned for a period of three years unless the period is specifically stated. The maximum period for which a contract may be granted is five years after which no extension may be granted. Provided that if the contractor has fully executed the contract according to its terms and conditions, the Government may extend the period not exceeding two years. No stipulation has been made regarding maximum area. It is, however, laid down that contract may be granted only in such cases as the Government may, by general or special order, direct. Short Term Permit The maximum period within which the specified quantity should be extracted and removed under any one permit is 30 days. However, in case of brick earths, it is 2 years for kiln owners. Transfer, Surrender, Termination The lessee may, with the previous sanction of the government, assign, sublet, or transfer his lease or any right, title or interest therein, to any person holding a valid certificate of approval on payment of a fee of Rs 100/- to the Government. The contractor shall not

Page No. II-14

assign, sublet or transfer the contract without obtaining prior permission in writing of the Government. The lessee may terminate the lease at any time by giving not less than six calendar months notice in writing to the Government, after payment of all outstanding dues. The State Government has the right to cancel the lease: If the lessee does not allow entry or inspection by any officer authorized by the State or the Central Government; or By giving six months prior notice in writing if the State Government considers that the minor minerals under the lease is required for establishing an industry beneficial to the public; or After serving a notice on the lessee to pay the dues within 30 days from the date of receipt of the notice, or If the lessee ceases to work the mine for a continuous period of six months without obtaining the written sanction of the Government. Likewise the contract may be terminated by the Government or by any officer authorized by it in this behalf by giving one months notice, if: The contract makes a default in due observance of the terms and conditions of the contract or in payment of the contract money on the due date; or It is considered by the Government to be in public interest Similarly, the Director of Mines and Geology may cancel a short-term permit in case of breach of any of the conditions subject to which the permit was granted. 2.12.4 Rents and Royalties Dead Rent: The holder of a mining lease is required to pay dead rent for every year, at the rate fixed by the State Government within the limits specified in the second Schedule. If the lease permits the working of more than one minor mineral in the same area, the Government may charge separate dead rent in respect of each minor mineral, provided the mining of one minor mineral does not involve mining of another. The lessee is liable to pay the dead rent or royalty in respect of each minor mineral whichever is higher in amount but not both.

Page No. II-15

Surface Rent The lessee is required to pay surface rent for the surface area occupied by him at such rates not exceeding land revenue, water charges and cess assessable on the land as may be fixed by the Government and specified in the lease deed. Royalty The lessee is liable to pay royalty on the minor minerals removed from the leased area at the rate specified in the First Schedule. 2.13 Other Industries

Besides mining, there exist a number of crushing units and other industries in the district. The inventory of these units has been presented in Table-1 to Table-6 in Annexure-II. Besides, the no. of registered factories and workers employed in the district is shown in Table-22 in Annexure-II. 2.14 Population

The population of the district along with those of sub-divisions are shown in the Table-2.8. From the above table, it is evident that rural population constitutes a major share in the district. Table-2.8: Population of Gurgaon district as per 1991 & 2001 Census
Sl No. District/Tehsil Area (sq.km) Rural 9,13,386 59478 3,52,020 2,11,727 2,90,161 Population (in numbers) As per 1991 Census Urban 2,32,704 24,541 1,67,045 20,026 21,092 Total 11,46,090 84,019 5,19,065 2,31,753 3,11,253 2001 Census (provisional) Total 16,57,669 Not Available -do-do-do-

1 2 3 4

Gurgaon Pataudi Gurgaon Nuh Firozpur Jhirka

2,760.00 177.27 1071.94 688.53 811.75

Page No. II-16

CHAPTER-II STUDY AREA PROFILE

2.1 Location and Extent

The Gurgaon district is one of the southern districts of Haryana. The district lies between latitude 270 39' North to 280 32' North and longitude 760 39' East to 770 20' East. On its north are the districts of Rohtak and the Union territory of Delhi, on its east the Faridabad district. Its south the district shares boundary with the state of UP and Rajasthan. On its west lies the district of Rewari and the state of Rajasthan. The total area of the district is 2716 sq. kms. Gurgaon town is situated only 32 kms south-west of New Delhi, the capital city of India. The district has sub-tropical, continental monsoon climate. The normal annual rainfall in the district is 553 mm. Temperature starts rising in March. The mean daily maximum temperature is about 41oC in the months of May and June.

2.2

Physiography and Drainage

The district comprises of hills on the one hand and depressions on the other, forming irregular and diverse nature of topography. Two ridges i.e. Firojpur Jhirka-Delhi ridge forms the western boundary and Delhi ridge forms the eastern boundary of the district. These hills are northern continuation of Aravalli hills. The north-western part of the district is covered with sand dunes lying in the westerly direction due to south-western winds. The extension of the Aravalli hills and the presence of sand dunes collectively form the diverse physiography of the district. The drainage of the district is typical of arid and semi-arid areas. It comprises of large depressions and seasonal streams. Important depressions of the district are Khalilpur lake, Chandani lake, Sangel-Ujhina lake, Kotla dahar lake and Najafgarh lake. Sahibi and Indrani are two important seasonal streams of the district. The physiographic map of the district is given in plate no. 2.1.

2.3

Geology and Soils

Gurgaon district is occupied by quaternary alluvium and pre-cambrian meta-sediments of Delhi System. Delhi super-group is represented by Alwar quartizites, mica schists and pegmatite intrusives of the Alwar series and slates of phyllites and quartzites of the subrecent alluvium and sand dunes. The soils are sand to loamy sand in sandy plain areas. Sandy loam to clay loam/silty clay loam in alluvial plains, loam sand to loam & calcareous in salt affected plains; silty loam to loam in low lands and loamy sand to loam & calcareous in hills. Taxonomically these soils may be classified as Typic Ustipsamments, Typic Ustorthents, Typic/Udic/Aquic Ustochrepts, Typic Haplaquepts and skeletal/Lithic Ustorthents

Page No. II-1

2.3.1

Alwar Series

Alwar series is represented by quartzites and mica schists with pegmatite intrusives. The quartzites are white, pale grey or pale pinkish, purple in colour with red and brown shades depending upon the weathering of the iron oxide present in them. These are in general vitreous, close textured, thickly bedded and highly jointed. The quartzite predominate in the district and form high north-south trending hill range in the west and north-east, southwest trending ridge in the northern part of the district. The quartzites generally strike in the north-north-east to south-south-west direction and have easterly dips. Bedding, dip and strike joints dipping against the dip of the beds are prominent and give rise to rectangular blocks. These quartzites are used for building & road materials. The quartzites are compact & devoid of interstial spaces. Ground water occurs in joints and fracture planes in them under favourable conditions.

2.3.2

Ajabgarh Series

The Ajabgarh series constitute the upper member of the Delhi System and is represented by slate, phyllite, quartzite with pegmatite intrusives. The Ajabgarh series along with Alwar are folded. The north-north-east to south-south-west running ridge and its other offshoots in the south western part of the area are formed of these rocks. The core of the ridge is formed of quartzites and slates. The phyllites occur at the base of the hills and below the adjacent alluvium. The quartzite shows false bedding at places and are less close textured than Alwar quartzites. These quartzites form low small hillocks and long narrow interrupted ridges striking north-north-east to south-south-west directions in the east of Sohna ridge. The slate and phyllite are calcerous and ferruginous. The rocks of the series are compact and devoid of interstial spaces. The phyllites and slates are highly jointed whereas quartzites sparingly jointed. The ground water occurs in the open joints and fractured planes and in the weathered zones. The phyllite and slates are better water bearing formations than quartzites. The geological and soil map of the district is given in plate no. 2.2 & 2.3 respectively.

Alluvium:
The alluvium in the area comprises silt, sand, gravel, clay and kankar. It has been divided into older alluvium and newer alluvium.

Older Alluvium
The old alluvium occurs in the most part of the district. It comprises of generally poorly sorted silt, sand, gravel and clay. The silt constitutes fine wind blown variety along with kankar. These are compact, hard and composed essentially of calcium carbonate and is very common in northern parts of the area between Farukhnagar and Garhi Harsru. Page No. II-2

Ground water in the older alluvium occurs in the interstices of constituent grains of sand and silt. The presence of kankar in the formation reduces the pore spaces, which in turn reduces the capacity to store and transmit water thus making them poor water bearing formations. Newer Alluvium The newer or recent alluvium covers the eastern part of the area, east of the Sohna ridge. It comprises mainly stream laid silt, sand clay and calcareous modules. These deposits are lenticular in shape. It is also found in the west of Sohna ridge where streams have deposited in the form of discontinuous bands and at the foothill slopes where ephemeral streams have brought down the weathered materials from the hills. The newer alluvium being less impregnated with calcareous material are good water bearing horizons. 2.3.3 Sand Dunes

The disintegration of rock material has ultimately given rise to various grades of sand and silt. The strong winds carry them from place of origin and deposit in the form of large humps called sand dunes. These sediments forming dunes have been brought from adjacent Rajasthan to this area with the prevailing wind conditions. These sand dunes are seen in the whole of the area but are more conspicuous in the area between Pataudi, Farukhnagar and Garhi Harsru and attain heights of 3-6m in general. The dune sand is generally well sorted, found fine to medium grained and comprises quartz, ferromagnesian minerals, tiny flakes of mica with small particles of kankar. The sand is loose and dunes keep shifting their positions depending upon the prevailing wind condition. The sand dunes being accumulation of loose sand and silt are good water bearing horizons but their limited aerial extent limits the reservoir capacity. 2.4 Bed Rock Topography

The boreholes drilled in the area give an idea of the thickness of the alluvium and the bedrock topography. From the data of exploratory drilling, it is observed that rocks of Ajabgarh series of the Delhi system, form the basement in the middle part of the district between north-south running high ridge and NNE-SSW running ridge. The maximum running thickness of alluvium encountered in this part of the area is 238 metres. It is observed from the map showing depth to bedrock in the area that the thickness of alluvium increases toward north and north-eastern parts of the area, where it is more than 238 metres below ground level. Alluvial thickness varies from almost insignificant to above 203 m, in the western side of the Sohna ridge and around Pataudi, as revealed by boreholes drilled at Rajpura, Bohra Kalan and Didhara. The Haryana State Minor Irrigation Tube-well Corporation and Ground Water

Page No. II-3

Cell, Agricultural Department has also drilled boreholes for irrigation purpose. But in no borehole, bedrock has been encountered.

2.5

Meteorology

Temperature: The temperature data at the meteorological observatory, Gurgaon reveals that from the end of February, temperature begins to increase rapidly till May. May and June are the hottest months with mean daily temperature at Gurgaon about 40o C and the mean minimum daily temperature of about 25o C. The daily mean maximum temperature varies from 21.4o C in January to 40o C in May. Days are little hotter in May than in June whereas nights are cooler in May than in June. From April onwards, hot westerly dust ladden winds causes heat wave conditions and the weather of the district becomes intensely hot and unpleasant. Maximum daily temperature in May often reaches above 45o C. Occasional dust and thunder storms bring some relief from heat. With the advancement of monsoon currents into the district by the end of June, there is appreciable drop in day temperature and the weather becomes comparatively cool in the day. After the withdrawal of the monsoon by about the middle of the September, the day temperature are still high as in monsoon months but night temperatures begin to drop progressively. The fall in temperature both day and night are rapid from October to January. Generally January is the coldest month. The mean daily maximum and minimum temperatures are about 21o C and 5o C respectively. During the cold weather season, the district is affected by cold waves in association with the western disturbances and on such occasions, the minimum temperature may drop to the freezing point. Humidity: The relative humidity in the air is generally high during the period of south west monsoon from July to September. It is about 77% during morning hours and 65% during evening hours. The minimum humidity of 43% is recorded in May during morning hours and the maximum relative humidity of 82% is experienced in August during morning hours. May is the driest month of the year when humidity is less than 30%. Winds: Winds are comparatively high in the district with some strengthening in speed during the summer and monsoon months. During the monsoon season, winds are mostly from the east or south-east directions. During rest of the year, winds are predominantly from the west or north-west directions. The winds have maximum speed of about 7.0 kms/hr during May to June and have a minimum average speed of about 3.2 kms/hr from November to December. Table-2.1 shows the mean velocity monthly wind speed in kmph.

Page No. II-4

Table-2.1: Temperature, Relative Humidity and Wind Speed in the District (1974-97) Months January February March April May June July August September September October November December Temperature (Mean daily in o C) 21.4 5.1 23.5 7.5 29.8 12.4 37.1 19.1 40.0 23.7 39.5 26.7 35.0 26.1 33.3 25.1 34.3 22.8 34.3 22.8 33.8 17.6 28.9 10.7 23.4 6.1 Relative Humidity in % 75 69 60 45 43 56 77 82 72 72 59 64 71 48 42 35 25 28 39 66 71 58 58 40 43 46 Wind Speed in km/hr 3.7 4.5 5.5 5.8 6.7 7.6 6.3 3.9 4.3 4.3 3.6 3.2 3.2

Rainfall: The normal rainfall in the district is about 578 mm spread over 28 days. The southwest monsoon sets in the last week of June and withdraws towards the end of the September and contributes about 80% of the annual rainfall. July and August are the wettest months. 20% of the annual rainfall occurs during the non-monsoon months in the wake of thunder storms and western disturbances. Rainfall distribution in the district is quite uneven which increases from 450 mm in the south at Farukhnagar to 750 mm in the east. The annual rainfall data from 1974 to 2002 have been analysed by Central Ground Water Board, Chandigarh to understand the rainfall trend in the district. The data indicates that variation in annual rainfall is significant and large. This is summarized under the following table-2.2. Table-2.2 : Annual Rainfall Analysis of Gurgaon District Year 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 Rainfall (mm) 500 574 654 613 727 365 464 546 % Deviation from normal -14 -1 +13 +6 +27 -36 -20 -6 Status Normal Normal Normal Normal Excess Deficient Deficient Normal Drought

Moderate Drought

Page No. II-5

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 * data not analyzed

514 1022 604 836 267 404 715 413 694 536 548 703 643 990 1128 630 654 549 437 523 359

-11 +77 +5 +45 -54 -30 +24 -29 +20 -7 -5 +22 +11 +71 +95 +9 * * * * *

Normal Excess Normal Excess Deficient Deficient Excess Deficient Excess Normal Normal Excess Normal Excess Excess Normal * * * * *

Severe drought Moderate drought Moderate drought

The monthly normal rainfall (average of five years from 1994-98) is shown in Table-2.3 below: Table-2.3: Monthly normal rainfall (Average of five years 1994-98)
District Gurgaon Jan 12.2 Feb 9.3 Mar 4.9 Apr 0.9 May 6.2 Monthly Rainfall (in mm) Jun July Aug Sept 82.8 181.0 258.0 121.9 Oct 5.4 Nov 3.4 Dec 0.4 Total 686.4

2.6

Land Cover Map

Land is the most important natural resource endowment on which all human activities are based. Therefore, knowledge on different type of land use as well as its spatial distribution in the form of map and statistical data is vital for spatial planning and management of land and its optimal use. The need for information on land use /cover pattern has gained importance due to the all-round concern on environmental impact of industrial development. The information on land use inventory that includes type, spatial distribution, aerial extent, location, rate and pattern of change of each category of land is of paramount importance for formulating Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for developmental planning. The existing information available on land use is mainly in the form of statistical data based on

Page No. II-6

the compilation of village record that are inadequate and do not provide an up-to-date information on changing land use pattern and process. Realising the need of creating an environmental database for eco-fragile regions with respect to land, water, forest, communication network, built-up land, the thematic maps using remote sensing data of Aravali Hill Region (Gurgaon District) were prepared to chalk out Action Plan for restoration of environmental quality. These maps will form the database for assessing the environmental impact in the region on land use pattern; and for formulating the remedial measures for restoration of environmental quality.

Data Source
The following data are used in the present study:

Primary Data Satellite data [IRS-1D/LISS-III; Band# 2,3,4; Date 05-04-2001; Digital image data on optical disk media] was used as primary data source for the study. The raw satellite data was obtained from NRSA, Hyderabad, on CD-ROM media. Secondary Data Secondary (ancillary) and ground data constitute an important baseline information in remote sensing, as they improve the interpretation accuracy and reliability of remotely sensed data by enabling verification of the interpreted details and by supplementing it with the information that cannot be obtained directly from the remotely sensed data. The following secondary data were used in the study: Survey of India topographical maps 53 D, 53 D/14/15/16, 53 H, 53 H/2/3/4, 54 A & 54 E Other supporting data like surface layout plan, location maps and district planning maps prepared by NATMO (National Atlas & Thematic Mapping Organisation), State and other government agencies.

Land Use Classification

The array of information available on land use/cover requires be arranging or grouping under a suitable framework, in order to facilitate the creation of a land use inventory and mapping. Further, to accommodate the changing land use/cover pattern, it becomes essential to develop a standardised classification system that is not only flexible in nomenclature and definition, but also capable of incorporating information obtained from the satellite data and other different sources. The present framework of land use/cover classification has been primarily based on the Manual of Nationwide Land Use/ Land Cover Mapping Using Satellite Imagery developed by National Remote Sensing Agency, Hyderabad. Land use map was prepared on

Page No. II-7

the basis of image interpretation carried out based on the satellite data for the year 2001 on 1:50,000 scale. Following land use/cover classes are identified in Gurgaon district (Table-2.4).

Table-2.4 : Land use/cover classes identified in Gurgaon District Level -I 1 Built-Up Land Level II 1.1 Urban 1.2 Rural 1.3 Industrial 3.1 Crop land 3.2 Fallow land 2.1 Dense Forest 2.2 Open Forest 2.3 Scrub 4.1 Salt affected land 4.2 Barren rocky land 4.3 Gullied land 5.1 Surface water bodies

2 3

Agricultural Land Forest

4 5

Wasteland Water bodies

Data Analysis
Satellite data of the Gurgaon region was processed using EASI/PACE v.7.0 image processing system in order to interpret the various land use/cover classes present in the study area. FCC of Gurgaon region (LISS III ; 2,3,4) is given plate no. 2.4. The FCC was further classified for land use/cover classes and the area of each land use/cover is tabulated in Table-2.5. The detailed land use/cover map of the study area is given in Plate no. 2.5.

Table-2.5 : Land use/cover Pattern in Gurgaon District of Haryana based on IRS1D (LISS-III) Satellite Data of April 2001 # Level-I Level-II Area Sq.Km. 1. Built-up land (i) Urban (ii) Rural (iii) Industrial Sub-total: 2. Agricultural land (i) Crop land (ii) Fallow land Sub-total: 3. Vegetation Cover (i) Dense forest (ii) Open forest 177.66 4.15 10.15 191.96 989.03 909.19 1898.22 44.97 105.29 % 6.43 0.15 0.37 6.95 35.83 32.94 68.77 1.63 3.81

Page No. II-8

(iii) Scrubs 4. Wasteland Sub-total: (i) Salt affected land (ii) Barren rocky land (iii) Gullied land Sub-total: (i) Surface water bodies Total Area:

5.

Water Bodies

79.61 229.87 210.56 204.03 24.21 438.80 1.15 2760.00

2.88 8.32 7.62 7.39 0.87 15.88 0.04

2.6.1

Built-up land

All the man-made constructions covering the land surface are included under this category. It includes urban, rural settlements & industrial complexes. In the study area, the urban settlements identified on the imagery cover an area 177.66 Km2. Apart from urban settlements, number of small villages sporadically located in the area covering 4.15 Km2 area and industrial complexes cover an area of 10.15 km2. Study indicates that built-up land constitutes only 6.95% of the total study area.

2.6.2

Agriculture land

Land primarily used for farming and production of food, fibre and other commercial and horticultural crops falls under this category. It includes cropland and fallow land. Croplands are those agricultural lands where standing crop occurs on the date of satellite imagery. Crops may be either kharif or rabi. Fallow land are also agricultural land which is taken up for cultivation but temporarily allowed to rest, un-cropped for one or more seasons. These lands are those, which are seen devoid of crops at the time when the imagery is taken. Analysis of the data indicates that the total area of agriculture land is 1898.03 Km2 (68.77%) in the study area; out of which 989.03 Km2 (35.83%) is the cropland and 909.19 Km2 (32.94%) is the fallow land.

2.6.3

Forest cover

It is an area bearing an association predominantly of trees and other vegetation type capable of producing timber and other forest produce. Forest cover is classified into the following three sub-classes based on crown density as per modified FAO-1963 (Food & Agricultural Organisation of United Nations) norms: (a) dense forest (crown density more than 40%), (b) open/degraded forest (crown density between 10% to 40%), and (c) scrubs (crown density less than 10%). Analysis of the satellite data reveals that total area of forest cover in the study area is 229.87 Km2 (8.32%); out of which 44.97 Km2 (1.63%) is the dense forest, 105.29 Km2 (3.81%) is the open forest and 79.61 Km2 (2.88%) is the scrubs.

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2.6.4

Wasteland

Wasteland is a degraded and under-utilised class of land that has deteriorated on account of natural causes or due to lack of appropriate water and soil management. Wasteland can result from inherent/imposed constraints such as location, environment, chemical and physical properties of the soil or financial or other management constraints (NWDB, 1987). Analysis of the data reveals that the total area of wasteland in the study area is 438.80 Km2 (15.88%); out of which the area of salt affected land is 210.56 km2 (7.62%), the area of barren rocky land is 204.03 Km2 (7.39%) and gullied land covers 24.21 km2 (0.87%).

2.6.5

Water bodies

A number of small-impounded water tanks, rivers and streams are present in the study area. Area of water bodies is 1.15 Km2 (0.04%) in the study area. 2.7 Classification of Area

The classification of area of the district is given in Table-7 in Annexure-II. This categorises the land into forestland, land not available for cultivation, other uncultivable land, fallow land etc. The net area in irrigation, gross area irrigated and gross cropped area, gross area irrigated in the district crop wise are shown in Table-8 to Table-10 respectively in AnnexureII. 2.8 Operational Holdings

The number and area of operational holdings by size groups in the district is shown in Table-2.6. The majority of holdings are of medium size as evident from the Table-2.5.
Table-2.6: Number & Area of Operational Holdings by Size Groups in Haryana: 1995-96 (Provisional) Size Groups (in Hectares) < 0.5 0.5-1.0 1.0-2.0 2.0-3.0 3.0-4.0 4.0-5.0 5.0-7.5 7.5-10.0 10.0-20.0 > 20.0 Total Average Size of Holding No. 38,941 29,827 27,061 12,488 6,346 3,691 4,374 1,747 479 243 1,25,197 Gurgaon Area (in Ha) 11,143 21,673 39,726 28,535 20,622 15,633 23,428 13,788 5,776 6,997 1,87,321 1.50

Page No. II-10

2.9

Forest Area

The area under forests is shown in Table-19 in Annexure-II. As per the provisional figures, around 2 sq kms area is under reserved forest category, 20 sq kms is under protected category and about 1 sq km is under unclassed category. About 27 sq km area is under private forests. Thus, total of 50 sq kms area is under forest category. The percentage of land area under forests and forest area per lakh of population is shown in Table-20 in Annexure-II. 2.10 Fertiliser Consumption and Tubewells The fertilizer consumption in the district is shown in Table-2.7 below. The no. of tube wells and pumping sets in detailed in Table-11 in Annexure-II. Since the surface water potential is not promising, there is increased dependence on the ground water for agricultural and other needs. Also, for the agriculture, there seems to be more emphasis on the use of chemical fertilizers.
Table-2.7: Fertiliser Consumption in Gurgaon District District Gurgaon Consumption of Fertilizer (in tones in the year 1999-2000) N P K Total 20,720 8,497 87 29,304

2.11 Live Stock Population The inventory of livestock and poultry in the district is presented in Annexure-II from Table-12 to Table-18. This includes types of livestock under various categories. The table shows that there is sizeable number of sheeps and goats in the district, which is of major concern as far protection of Aravali forests is concerned. 2.12 Mineral Resources The district is rich in kaolin and silica sand. The production of mineral ores in the district for the year 1999-2000 is shown in Table-21 in Annexure-II. A number of mines exist in the district, which produce various minerals. The location of mining and crusher activities in the hill ranges is shown in Plate-2.6. The inventory of the mines is shown in Annexure-II. 2.12.1 Grant of Mining Leases

The grant of mining leases and their regulations in the Haryana State is covered under Punjab Minor Mineral Concession Rules, 1964 (as adopted by Haryana Government). The provisions are as under: Page No. II-11

Type of Concessions Three types of mineral concessions are available under these rules. They are: Mining lease Contract and Short Term Permit The Mining Lease means a lease to mine, quarry, bore, dig and search for win, work and carry away any minor minerals specified therein. The Contract means a contract given on behalf o the Government to carry win, work and carry away any mineral specified therein, through open auction or by inviting tenders for certain specified areas, notified by the Director of Mines and Geology. A short-term permit means a permit granted to extract a certain quantity of mineral for the period specified in the permit. 2.12.2 Procedure for Grant of Mining Lease No mining lease may be granted: I. In respect of land within a distance of 60 meters from any village or national highway II. In respect of any such minor mineral as the Government may notify in this behalf, and III. To a person who does not hold a certificate of approval from the Director of Mines and Geology. An application for the mining lease is made to the State Government through the Director of Mines and Geology or any other officer authorized by the Government in this behalf, in the form prescribed in the rules, accompanied by a fee of Rs 2000/-, an Income Tax Clearance Certificate from the Income Tax officer concerned and a certificate of approval. This application is supposed to contain particulars about the status, nationality, profession and residence of the applicant, name of the minor mineral to be mined; a description illustrated by a map or plan showing as accurately as possible the situation, boundaries and area of the land in respect of which land is sought; the period for which lease is required and the purpose for which mineral is to be used. Priority in granting mining lease is proposed to be given in the following order: The discoverer of the new mineral; A person who intends to set-up a mineral based industry in the state; A co-operative society. Page No. II-12

Where two or more persons of the same category apply for a mining lease over the same land, the applicant whose application is received earlier has a preferential right for the grant over an applicant whose application is received later. Where such applications are received on the same day, the Government may grant the lease to one of the applicants as it deems fit, after taking into consideration their experience in mining, financial soundness, stability and special knowledge of the geology and mining and the technical staff already employed or to be employed for the work. The Government, may for special reasons to be recorded in writing, grant a mining lease to an applicant whose application is received later in preference to an earlier applicant. These rules also empower the State Government to give preference to one party over another for the grant of a mining lease or contract, as the case may be, in case it considers that working of these deposits by that party will be beneficial in the public interest. After the lease is granted, the applicant must deposit, as security, a sum of Rs five lakhs for mining leases upto 50 Hectares, 7.5 lakhs for leases exceeding 50 hectares-75 hectares and Rs 10 lakhs for leases exceeding 75 hectares, for due observance of the terms and conditions of the lease. Provided further that in addition to the royalty, lessee shall also be liable to pay lease fee at the rate specified in the said rules. The lease is required to be executed in the prescribed form within three months of the order sanctioning the lease. After the lease is granted, arrangement shall be made, if necessary, at the expense of the lessee for the survey and demarcation of the area granted under the lease. Contract The contract is granted only in such cases as the Government may, by general or special order, direct. The contract is granted either by public auction or tender. In either case, the usual procedure in this regard is followed. When a bid is conformed or a tender is accepted, the bidder or tenderer is required to execute a deed in the prescribed form within one month from the date of communication of acceptance of bid or tender. The contractors are required to supply to consumers or allow them to excavate building stone, limestone, kankar and bajri at the rate specified in the Third Schedule for their bonafide personal use or for the construction of building meant for charitable or philanthropic purposes. Short Term Permit Permits may be issued only in respect of those areas for which the Government has not sanctioned grant of lease or contract. An application for the grant of a permit must be made to the Director or any other officer authorized by him in this behalf. The application and contain the particulars regarding name, address and profession of the applicant, quantity of minor mineral for which permit is sought, name of the minor mineral which is to be extracted, description i.e. Page No. II-13

name of village, area and Khasara Nos. of the land from which the minor mineral is to be extracted and the purpose for which the minor mineral is to be used. .. If the lands from which the minor mineral is to be extracted from occupied lands, then the application should also be accompanied by a letter from the occupants of such lands to the effect that he has no objection to the extraction of the minor minerals by the applicant. Every permit contains the condition that the depth of the pit below the surface shall not exceed three feet. 2.12.3 Period and Area of Mining lease The period for which a mining lease may be granted is five years at the first instances, unless the government allows a longer period not exceeding ten years. The mining lease may be renewed for one or two periods not exceeding the period for which the mining lease was originally granted. A mining lease may be granted for such area as the Government may deem fit. No lessee by himself or with any person joint in interest with him, may ordinarily hold in aggregate more than 5 sq kms of the area under lease in respect of one minor mineral within the state. The area under a mining lease shall be rectangular as far as possible and its length should not exceed four times its breadth. However, the government may relax this condition in any particular case. The application for grant of mining lease should relate to a compact area. Contract Each contract will ordinarily be auctioned for a period of three years unless the period is specifically stated. The maximum period for which a contract may be granted is five years after which no extension may be granted. Provided that if the contractor has fully executed the contract according to its terms and conditions, the Government may extend the period not exceeding two years. No stipulation has been made regarding maximum area. It is, however, laid down that contract may be granted only in such cases as the Government may, by general or special order, direct. Short Term Permit The maximum period within which the specified quantity should be extracted and removed under any one permit is 30 days. However, in case of brick earths, it is 2 years for kiln owners. Transfer, Surrender, Termination The lessee may, with the previous sanction of the government, assign, sublet, or transfer his lease or any right, title or interest therein, to any person holding a valid certificate of approval on payment of a fee of Rs 100/- to the Government. The contractor shall not

Page No. II-14

assign, sublet or transfer the contract without obtaining prior permission in writing of the Government. The lessee may terminate the lease at any time by giving not less than six calendar months notice in writing to the Government, after payment of all outstanding dues. The State Government has the right to cancel the lease: If the lessee does not allow entry or inspection by any officer authorized by the State or the Central Government; or By giving six months prior notice in writing if the State Government considers that the minor minerals under the lease is required for establishing an industry beneficial to the public; or After serving a notice on the lessee to pay the dues within 30 days from the date of receipt of the notice, or If the lessee ceases to work the mine for a continuous period of six months without obtaining the written sanction of the Government. Likewise the contract may be terminated by the Government or by any officer authorized by it in this behalf by giving one months notice, if: The contract makes a default in due observance of the terms and conditions of the contract or in payment of the contract money on the due date; or It is considered by the Government to be in public interest Similarly, the Director of Mines and Geology may cancel a short-term permit in case of breach of any of the conditions subject to which the permit was granted. 2.12.4 Rents and Royalties Dead Rent: The holder of a mining lease is required to pay dead rent for every year, at the rate fixed by the State Government within the limits specified in the second Schedule. If the lease permits the working of more than one minor mineral in the same area, the Government may charge separate dead rent in respect of each minor mineral, provided the mining of one minor mineral does not involve mining of another. The lessee is liable to pay the dead rent or royalty in respect of each minor mineral whichever is higher in amount but not both.

Page No. II-15

Surface Rent The lessee is required to pay surface rent for the surface area occupied by him at such rates not exceeding land revenue, water charges and cess assessable on the land as may be fixed by the Government and specified in the lease deed. Royalty The lessee is liable to pay royalty on the minor minerals removed from the leased area at the rate specified in the First Schedule. 2.13 Other Industries

Besides mining, there exist a number of crushing units and other industries in the district. The inventory of these units has been presented in Table-1 to Table-6 in Annexure-II. Besides, the no. of registered factories and workers employed in the district is shown in Table-22 in Annexure-II. 2.14 Population

The population of the district along with those of sub-divisions are shown in the Table-2.8. From the above table, it is evident that rural population constitutes a major share in the district. Table-2.8: Population of Gurgaon district as per 1991 & 2001 Census
Sl No. District/Tehsil Area (sq.km) Rural 9,13,386 59478 3,52,020 2,11,727 2,90,161 Population (in numbers) As per 1991 Census Urban 2,32,704 24,541 1,67,045 20,026 21,092 Total 11,46,090 84,019 5,19,065 2,31,753 3,11,253 2001 Census (provisional) Total 16,57,669 Not Available -do-do-do-

1 2 3 4

Gurgaon Pataudi Gurgaon Nuh Firozpur Jhirka

2,760.00 177.27 1071.94 688.53 811.75

Page No. II-16

CHAPTER-IV ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF ARAVALI HILLS

1. Vide Gazette Notification of Ministry of Environment & Forests dated 7th May, 1992, Government of India has restricted various developmental and industrial activities in Gurgaon district. For environmental clearance of the projects, project proponent has to submit Environmental Statement Report along with Environmental Management Plan. In large-scale mining projects, the applicant is asked to submit detailed mine plans on mining and processing methods, the technology being used, the financing plan and the environmental management plan (including reclamation) and the training and local benefits envisaged but what it still require is a proposal on district level as to what will be mined, how it will be mined and with what method, how the financing will be arranged, what are the areas of environmental concerns (keeping in view the regional character) which need to be addressed by the entrepreneur. This does not seem to be adequately addressed keeping in view the environmental degradation of the Aravali Hills. 2. The Aravalli Notification restricts process and operations under certain categories of the land in the district. Though the records of such lands are available at every village level map, there is no record available in the district level in respect of these areas to undertake realistic appraisal & effective monitoring of mining and other projects at the macro level on such lands. Vide Gazette Notification of Ministry of Environment & Forests dated 29th November, 1999, Government of India has interalia made provision for preparing the Master Plan integrating the environmental concerns and the future land use of the area. The Master Plan has now been published. However, it does not interalia address the following issues: 4. Land use planning Economic zoning Natural Resource Assessment Water Resource Status Landscaping

3.

Though the air quality on the regional basis shows the parameters within the specified limits, the areas near crushing zone and active mining zone remains a matter of concern. In the mining and the crusher areas, the concerted efforts have not been given to the quality of roads and the dust suppression measures to maintain the air quality within safe limits.

Page No. IV-1

5.

A number of crusher plants are there in each zone. Government of Haryana has issued guidelines for siting as well as operation of the crusher in an eco-friendly manner. But the compliance is only partial. Wind breaking walls are not proper, pollution control devices are not operating and the green belt around the crushing zones are not maintained. The identification of mines in the district is difficult. It is not possible for the regulators to immediately identify the mine, which is defaulter in respect of pollution control. The Minor Miner Rules of the Government of Haryana does not levy any charge for environmental betterment in the mining areas. It is therefore difficult to get the fund for the biological reclamation of dumps and eco-restoration in the mining areas. There does not seem to be a mechanism to upgrade the mining technologies and methodologies to minimize the impacts due to mining in the eco-sensitive zones in the district. Also, there seems to be inadequate effort to undertake environmental projects in the district with sufficient start-up fund. There does not seem to be a mechanism to ascertain that the mining method proposed for a particular project will result in optimum exploitation of the resource and that there is competency in mining and environmental management. There is no identified land where over burden could be temporarily dumped prior to being utilized for void filling and for other purposes. There is inadequate data in respect of environmental quality in the area. Since the area encompasses various mines and industries, sharing of financial burden for generating these data on strategic locations is practically absent. This not only poses the problem in effective compliance of the consent conditions but also in creation of the database for future planning in the district, as substantial industrial growth is anticipated here in the near future. Inadequate knowledge on the part of mine and industrial operators in respect of the environmental impacts due to mining and industrial units respectively, is one of the key factors in environmental damage caused in the district. Because of the lack of knowledge of how to exploit the resource, maintain standards, the environmental degradation takes place. Also, there is no willingness on the part of the mine operators / owner of the crusher units for environmental improvement in and around mine/processing plant sites. Since the environmental degradation has already occurred in many places, it is imperative on the part of the State Government to carry out, and pay, for the eco-restoration without necessarily closing the mining and other industrial operations at such places. At these places in the mining and industrial areas, government may take steps for environmental upgradation and recompense for these expenses could be obtained through a garnishee of income from future activities, thus making the polluter pay, but on an incremental basis and without affecting the continuation of the operation. There does not seem to be a mechanism for the above. Besides, there also does not seem to be frequent Page No. IV-2

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

consultation of the mine and industrial operators with the State Pollution Control Board to take steps, whatever and whenever required, for environmental betterment in the district. 12. In the Aravali Range, there exists open access system of the plant resources available which is used for fodder and fuel. As is evident from Figure-4.1, community controlled regulated access system, required for sustainable common land system in the Aravali Range, is inadequate. As far as consumption of fodder is concerned, the following units are taken to estimate the fodder consumption: o o o o 1 cow or bullock 1 buffalo 1 goat 1 sheep 1 cattle unit 2 cattle units 1.5 cattle unit 1 cattle unit

13.

In the district, the percentage of goats and sheep is significant in the live stock population. The fodder consumption for these animals are either comparable (in case of sheep) or more (in case of goat). The herd of goat and sheep are commonly seen on the Aravali hills. They consume substantial amount of fodder and thus reduce the vegetation on the hills. 14. Since the percentage of goats and sheep is significant, there is lesser availability of dung as fertilizer and as the fuels. There is growing consumption of chemical fertilizers, which due to high ground water level in the southern part of the district, may further increase the salinity. Besides, since the fuel availability is lesser, there is increased dependence on the forests for fuel. This has also led to reduction in forest cover in the district. The pace of the afforestation programme in the district need to be speeded up. In the afforestation programme, unless due care is taken about the need of the people, the programme may not be successful. The pace of the social forestry programme, therefore, also need to be speeded up. There is need to consider the participation of people and specially the women folk for the environmental programmes being executed in the district. There does not seem to be adequate awareness amongst the people in respect of the environmental problems, which exist in the Aravali hills, the efforts that they can take to minimise the damage to environment. The self-employment opportunities are lesser which induces the locals to illegal mining. Due to its proximity to Delhi and the infrastructural facilities the district has, there is further potential for growth in industrial and housing sectors in the district. So far little effort seems to have been made to integrate the planning process with the environmental quality of the district.

15.

16.

17.

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18.

Considerable portion of soil has become saline due to various factors. Little effort has been made to rehabilitate the saline land. Unless proper efforts are taken to control, it may render considerable portion of land into wasteland. In some part of the district, the ground water potential is already in the dark category. Lack of water conservation measures and rainwater harvesting may ultimately lead to water scarcity in the near future.

19.

Page No. IV-4

CHAPTER-V ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

5.1 Environmental Impact Assessment

From the foregoing discussion in the previous chapters, it is evident that in the Gurgaon district, there exist a number of mining projects, crushers, processing plants etc. Given the resources existing in the district, there is tremendous potential to further increase the industrial and other developmental activities like housing etc. All these additional activities will have impact on the existing environmental set-up in the district. In order to take stock of the environmental problems, CPCB and CMPDI team made several visit to Aravali Hills and held discussion with the mine operators, State officials and local people. The environmental impact of these activities is assessed based on the existing environmental setup and these are detailed hereunder. 5.2 Environmental Impact due to Mining Activities

There exist a number of mining projects in the district. In the Naurangpur, Shikopur , Rojka Meo and Sohna areas, the mining projects occur in clusters. In Naurangpur and Shikopur areas of the district, the mining projects are associated with processing plants, which occur in clusters. The environmental impact due to mining projects in the district may be as under: 5.2.1 Air Quality

The air quality in the cluster of mining projects (in Naurangpur, Shikopur and Rojka Meo areas) has been found to be above the acceptable limits. The reason behind this is that though the mining units are of medium and small sizes, and the operations are carried out at a smaller scale but since they occur in clusters, the handling of the material and other transportation activities generate the suspended particulate matter which render the air quality parameters above the prescribed limits. The respirable particulate matter has also been found to be beyond the acceptable limit. As such they are likely to affect the health of the local people. In some of the mines, the operations are being carried out through manual means. For the scattered mines, there does not seem to be a problem relating to the air quality as the ambient air quality exhibit a greater flexibility to absorb the deterioration in its quality both in terms of particulate and gaseous emissions. However, for a cluster of mines, the major factor for the particulate matter emissions is plying of trucks on the roads for the transportation of material and minerals. Since these roads are not metalled, they give rise to emissions of particulate matter. Opening of additional mining projects in these cluster zones may increase the dust level in the ambience, which may be harmful to the nearby village community. The hot spots in respect of air quality are given in Plate-5.1.

Page No. V-1

5.2.2

Water Quality

Due to lower ground water table in the district, majority of the mines do not generate effluent. In some of the mines, ground water tables are intercepted and to facilitate the mining activities, the water is discharged out side. As such, there does not seem to be the water pollution problem from the mining operations except with some. Opening of the additional projects in the district, therefore, will have moderate impact on the natural water quality in the district. 5.2.3 Noise Level

The noise level in the mining areas and also at various monitoring locations spanning in the Aravali Range in the district has been found to be within the tolerance limits. Given the medium and small-scale operations in the mining projects, coming of additional mining projects in the district is not likely to create noise pollution. 5.2.4 Soil Quality

The mining operations do not generate any substance, which is harmful to the soil quality. Opening of additional projects as such, will have no impact on the soil quality in the district. The analysis of the satellite data indicates that 210.56 sq kms area (which is 7.62% of the total area of the Gurgaon district), is affected by salt incrustation. This makes the land unproductive. The development of the salt affected soil is primarily associated with fluctuation of ground level. Unless adequate reclamation measures are taken, the percentage of area affected by salt incrustation may increase. 5.2.5 Over Burden

The overburden material is being dumped outside and reclamation of the dumps has not been attempted in most of the cases. The excavated pits remain unattended and poses safety and environmental problem in the district. Due to opening of more projects in the district, this problem is likely to increase. Temporarily stocking of the topsoil, the over burden and other waste material and their reclamation is crucial issue which will require proper and pro-active addressal in the years to come, because of increase in mining operations. 5.2.6 Land Use Pattern

As far as mining projects are concerned, the land use pattern due to mining and dumping of overburden is one of the crucial dimensions and possibly one of the foremost considerations requiring attention of the planners, for promoting environmentally benign mining operations in the Aravali Range. Due to mining operation, land degradation takes place and there seems to be little work done to contain the land degradation process. The hot spots in terms of land degradation are shown in Plate-5.1. There has not been systematic approach to carry out the mining, and

Page No. V-2

abandoned patches have been left unattended. Due to coming of new projects in the district, this problem is likely to be further aggravated. The remote sensing survey (carried out in the year 2001) reveals that 204.03 sq km area (7.39%) of Gurgaon distrct is covered by barren rocky land and 24.21 sq kms area (0.87%) is affected by gullied land. This warrants immediate steps to achieve the ecorestoration of the Aravali Hills. 5.2.7 Socio-economic Impact

From the provisional census of Gurgaon district, it is evident that majority of population is unemployed. The mining sector offer opportunity to the local people in earning their livelihood through both direct and indirect employment. Thus there is positive impact on the economic status in the region. Upcoming of new projects will further increase the employment potential to local people. However, due to unemployment in the district, locals are also tempted towards illegal mining, thus posing threat to Aravali hills in terms of land degradation. 5.3 Environmental Impact due to Processing Plants

There exist a number of crusher plants apart from other industrial projects in the district, which are enlisted in Annexure-II of this report. The crushers are located individually near the mines and are also located in zones. The environmental impacts due to crushing plants in the district is detailed hereunder: 5.3.1 Air Quality

The air quality in the vicinity of the crusher plants/zones has not found to be within acceptable limits as per prescribed norms. The reason behind this is that at the crusher units, there are inadequate pollution prevention measures undertaken. These are:

Absence or inadequate provision for dust contaminant-cum-suppressing system Inadequate provision of wind breaking walls Absence of metalled roads connecting the crusher locations Inadequate cleaning & wetting of the ground at regular intervals Absence or inadequate green belt around the crushing plant Absence or inadequate chutes in the crusher units

Opening of additional crusher units in the area may increase the dust level in the ambience, which will be harmful to the nearby village community.

Page No. V-3

5.3.2

Water Quality

In the crusher units, the water is required for dust suppression and human consumption purposes. There is no other mode of consumption of water in the crushing plants. There is no source of effluent generation from the crusher units either. So due to coming up of new crushing units in the district, there will be no impact on the water quality. 5.3.3 Noise Level

The noise level at various monitoring locations, spanning in the Aravali Range in the district, has been found to be within the tolerance limits. However, the noise level in the vicinity of the crushing units shows the level more than the permissible limits of 75 dB(A). Since the crusher units are located in zone, there is impact on the ambient noise level, particularly on the nearby villages. This local impact is imparted not only by the crusher unit operations alone but also due to allied operations like vehicular movement for transportation of stones and other materials. During the operation time of the crushing units, the noise level in the nearby villages show the level more than the prescribed standards. But occurrence of these high noise levels is only occasional and may not require permanent measure for noise level control at present. 5.3.4 Soil Quality

The crushing operations only involve crushing of the stones brought from the nearby or from outside mines. This does not involve removal or any other operation relating to soil. As such, there is no impact on soil quality due to crushing operations. Coming of new projects in the district, therefore, will not affect the soil quality. 5.3.5 Solid Waste

In the crushing units, the raw materials, which are stones etc., are brought from the mines, crushed in the plant and the product is despatched thereafter. The process is such that little waste material is generated during the crushing operations. However, the raw material and the product are to be temporarily stocked at the site before they are consumed and/or despatched. Coming up of additional crushing units will not generate solid waste and as such will have no impact on the existing environmental setup in the district. 5.3.6 Land Use Pattern

Location of the crusher units involves only a small portion of the land. The operation of the crusher plant does not involve removal and handing of the soils. In involves only small portion of land for installation of unit, storage of raw material and the final product, huts for the employees and the communication roads. Due to locating and operation of the crushing units, as such, there is little impact on the land use pattern in the district. Therefore, change in the land use pattern in the district, due to installation of additional units will be insignificant.

Page No. V-4

5.3.7

Socio-economic Impact

From the latest census of Gurgaon district, it is evident that majority of population is unemployed. The crusher units and other small-scale industries in the district, offer opportunity to the local people in earning their livelihood through both direct and indirect employment. Thus there is positive impact on the economic status in the region. Upcoming of new projects will further increase the employment potential to local people.

Page No. V-5

CHAPTER-VI ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

6.1 Environmental Management Plan

The mining and allied operations in the Aravali hills, though having some positive impact on the socio-economic status of the local people, have led to environmental degradation in the district. Opening of new projects in the district, as detailed in Chapter-V, will further affect some of the environmental attributes viz. air quality, land use pattern and vegetation cover etc. Management of the mining and other operations is therefore, essential for environmental protection and for eco-restoration of the hills. These efforts could be categorised under two broad heads:

6.2

Administrative measures Technical measures

Administrative Measures

From the fore going discussion, it is evident that environmental degradation has taken place due to mining activities. The existing crusher units are also not functioning on the environmentally sound systems. The situation warrants closer look on various components of the systems affecting the environmental attributes in the area, devising pragmatic approaches to facilitate eco-restoration of the Aravali hills and offering broad framework to the industrial units to function under environmentally sustainable framework. This may be summarised as under:

6.2.1

Offering Broad Framework for Sustainability

This is the area, which require utmost consideration of the various departments of the State and Central government. This includes the Departments for framing of the rules for grant of mining permits, grant of industrial permits, environmental clearances and environmental monitoring, afforestation etc. These may be detailed as under:

6.2.1.1

Enactment of Rules for Grant of Mine Lease

Mining Projects Presently, provisions embodied under Punjab Minor Minerals Concession Rules, 1964 (as adopted by Haryana Government), govern grant of mine leases in the district. These rules interalia encompass provisions for grant of mining leases, the rates of royalties to be recovered from the mine operators etc. There is no separate charge from the mine operators for dump removal and ecological restoration in the mining areas. These rules are also silent about the mining plans, the technology to be used for mining operations and post mining land use and mine decommissioning. As far as environmental Page No. VI - 1

protection in the Aravali Hills is concerned, planning & provisioning must start from the stage of grant of mine lease/industrial permits. This should interalia include:

Provision for approval of the mining plan while granting the mining lease permits. The grant of mine lease and operation of the mine should be in environmentally friendly manner, and post mining land use and mine decommissioning should be in conformity with the land use pattern and the landscaping of the area finalised by the District Town and Country Planning Department. The ground water table is also one of the factors, which will govern the mine design in the district. Since the minerals produced in the district come from the areas where environmental degradation has already occurred, the cost of environmental protection in the area should be internalized into the price of the minerals. The dump removal and ecological restoration charges need to be levied on the mine operators. This charge may be a component of such pricing and it should be reviewed from time to time to take stock of the existing environmental conditions and protection measures required. The money thus collected should contribute to the fund required to initiate the eco-restoration programmes in the district and this should continue to support the eco-restoration efforts in the district in future. Where the size of the mining leases is of 1 ha, it is difficult to operate in environmentally sustainable manner. It is difficult to carry out concurrent backfilling of voids and also the other environmental protection measures. The minimum size of the mining ease should therefore, be increased to 5 ha. Due to unemployment in the district, there is temptation amongst the local people towards illegal mining. During inspections, it becomes very difficult to interact with mine owners, understand the status of mining lease and also the period of mining lease is generally not known. The Rules at some place must make the provision to exhibit the name of owner, name of the product, permit number and period of lease. This would facilitate proper inspection of the mines, effective compliance of the environmental rules and identification of the illegal mines in the district. In order to promote environmentally sustainable mining in the district, routine inspection of the advancement of the mines and their operations are essential. There should be provision in the Punjab Minor Mineral Concession Rules (which has been adopted by Haryana Government), to make these inspections more frequent.

Page No. VI - 2

Other Industrial Projects As described earlier for the mining project, for the other industries also, provision should be there to promote environmentally sustainable processes for the new units and eco-friendly operation of the existing units. There should be frequent inspections at these units to make the operators exercising better control over the processes, in order to achieve minimum level of pollutant generation.

6.2.1.2

Master Plan of the District

Since most of the mines, crusher and other industrial units operating the district are of medium to small capacity, it is required to provide them with broader sustainable framework to operate in the area. There is need to identify the areas to temporally stack the over burden and to carry out the tree plantation. The Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India, vide notification No. S.O. 1189 (E) dated 29th November, 1999 has stated to prepare a Master Plan for the development of the area covered under Aravali Notification integrating environmental concerns and keeping in view future land use of the area. For such areas where cluster of mining, processing and other projects are expected to come, the master plan should be further detailed, identifying land where over burden, reject material etc. could be dumped, areas where plantation could be carried out, the type of plantation in a particular area, areas where other environmental protection measures should be carried out etc. For the entire area, the landscaping should be finalised taking into consideration the depth of ground water table etc. which will ultimately govern the depth of mining operations, dumping of overburden etc.

6.2.1.3

Environmental Framework

The environmental framework to be provided to the industrial units include the following: Framework for environmental clearance: this includes preparation of environmental management plan report giving due consideration to the provisions embodied under master plan, identifying the target environmental species requiring utmost attention both during the extraction of the minerals and also during closure of the mining and industrial projects. The target species for the some operations may be as under: For mine operations: depth of cutting, area of plantation and the type of plantation, attributes related to mine closure planning For crusher operations: air quality, noise level, area of plantation and type of plantation Framework for environmental monitoring: this includes both compliance of the environmental clearance conditions and routine monitoring of the environmental status in the area. Though the environmental clearance conditions should be monitored keeping in view the overall environmental objective in the region, the Page No. VI - 3

routine monitoring of the environmental quality should be based on the requirement of the nearby most vulnerable receptors. In addition, environmental database of the district need to be developed to have an analysis of the existing environmental quality and the emerging trend of various environmental attributes, for future decision-making. Other Framework: Since there are smaller projects generally occurring in clusters, it is prudent to carry out monitoring of environmental attributes in a particular area at some strategic locations rather than going in for monitoring of individual projects. Likewise, submission of environmental statement for group of mines, industries etc may be asked for, which should give clearer picture of the raw material consumed, pollutant generated and environmental protection measures taken in the area etc. This will be helpful in monitoring environmental status for a particular area, devising further strategies for environmental upgradation and encouraging co-operative attitude among the entrepreneurs in promoting environmentally benign mining/industrial operations. For units having isolate locations, the target parameters for environmental improvement should be fixed in advance and be periodically monitored.

6.2.1.4 Framework for Forestry Forestry is one of the key ingredients in all the eco-restoration efforts of the Aravali hills. For this purpose, it should be ensured that there is enough availability of fuel and fodder to the local people; only then, lesser dependence of the community on the forest produce could be ensured. The Forest Department has already taken steps to carry out afforestation in the district. However, these programmes are required to be undertaken on a massive scale so that greeneries on the hills are increased. For this purpose, the State Forest Department should come out yearly afforestation targets keeping in view the overall objective of eco-restoration. Due consideration should be given to ethnoforestry practices in the district and emphasis should be to plant local species. The barren rocky land and the gullied land also require rehabilitation by growing vegetation and control of soil erosion. In addition, the afforestation targets fixed for the mining and other industrial projects should contribute to the broader framework of afforestation developed by the Forest Department. For this purpose, the government should provide sufficient fund, which should be available to various departments on routine basis. 6.3 Technical Measures

These are the measures required by the government and also the entrepreneurs to improve the environmental quality in the district. The efforts required for this purpose are summarised hereunder, both for mining and crusher units separately:

Page No. VI - 4

6.3.1

Mining Activities

6.3.1.1 Air Quality In the mines, the source of air pollution is transportation activities. For transportation of minerals and other materials, vehicles generally ply on the un-metalled road. For improving the air quality in the mining areas the following actions are required;

All the transportation roads leading to the mining areas should be metalled. Regular sprinkling of water should be carried out at the transportation roads and other dust generating points. Tree plantation should be carried out on the sides of the roads and also on the periphery of the mines to contain the dust. For this purpose, the government should separately earmark land to the mine operators.

6.3.1.2 Effluent Quality Though the effluent is not produced from the mines, but wherever the effluent is generated from the mining complexes, the following actions are required:

Construction of centralised effluent treatment plant (CETP) to treat the effluent from the mines before they are discharged outside. Reuse of the treated effluent in the mines to lessen the fresh water drawal for the mining operations, if any. Disposal of mine water in the nearby recharge areas for recharging of ground water

6.3.1.3 Noise Pollution In some areas, the mining units are located in clusters. The movement of transportation vehicles in these clusters is considerable. The noise level in the nearby villages, which the vehicles pass through, at times are more than the prescribed standards. Based on the life of the mines in the mining complex, the transportation road should be planned away from the habitat localities to avoid the nuisance due to noise pollution. For individual mines, the effect of noise is only occasional and does not require permanent noise control measure. 6.3.1.4 Land Use Pattern In order to have minimum impact on the land use pattern due to mining operations, the following actions are suggested:

For all the degraded lands on the hills: government to initiate reclamation programmes on such lands. Involvement of local community is very much essential to make such programmes successful. There should not be Page No. VI - 5

open access to the forest resources in the hills. The regulated access system will help in protection of the existing vegetation on the hills. In areas where deep cutting has occurred, the land may be used for water storage and may be developed into water parks. This will be helpful in using the water for various purposes like irrigation, drinking, plantation etc. and also for recharge of the depleting ground water in the district apart from recreation. One of the options for reclamation of deep cuts could be to fill it up with fly ash from the thermal power plants. But the technicalities and environmental impact of such measures need to be examined for the hills on case-to-case basis before starting the practice.

For the land where mining activities are continuing: On such lands, the afforestation areas should be identified and target should be fixed for the mine operators. The mining owners may undertake co-operative afforestation programmes on such lands for eco-restoration. In addition, land should be identified for temporary stocking of the overburden material and topsoil and at suitable operational phase, the filling of the mine voids should be resorted to. On other lands: The pasture-lands should be identified and developed in the district. This will be helpful in providing fodder to the grazing livestock, thus lessening biotic pressure over the hills. In addition, other afforestation areas should also be identified and the community afforestation programmes should be encouraged.

6.3.1.5 Eco-restoration For eco-restoration in the hills, the mine owners should carry out afforestation activities. Involvement of local community should also be encouraged for such programmes. 6.3.2 Processing Activities

6.3.2.1 Air Quality In the areas where crushers are located, the source of air pollution is crushing & transportation activities. For transportation of minerals and other materials, vehicles generally ply on the un-metalled road. For improving the air quality in such locations, the following actions are required;

All the transportation roads leading to such locations should be metalled. Regular sprinkling of water should be carried out at the transportation roads and other dust generating points and at the conveyor belts. In one of the crushers at Chaupanki in Alwar district, the Swedela technology is being used in the crusher unit. It is learnt that dust concentration is drastically reduced in the unit where this technology is being used. The technicalities of such technology need to be examined and the practice of adopting this technology need to be encouraged. This may be done through some demonstration project. Page No. VI - 6

Tree plantation should be carried out on the sides of the roads and also on the periphery of the crusher to contain the dust. The chutes in almost all the crushing units were absent. The same is required to be installed in the units. House keeping in the crusher units need to be improved.

6.3.2.2 Water Quality There is no water pollution problem in the crusher as no effluent is generated from the crusher units. As such, management of water quality in this context does not arise. 6.3.2.3 Noise Pollution The crusher units are located scattered as well as in zones, in the district. The movement of transportation vehicles is lesser in case of scattered crushers whereas for zones the concentration of vehicles is more. The noise level in the nearby villages and in crusher zones is at times higher than the permissible standards. Green belt of sufficient depth needs to be developed for noise attenuation. 6.3.2.4 Land Degradation There is no land degradation arising out of processing activities in the Aravali hills. As such, management of land degradation does not need addressal in this context. 6.3.1.6 Eco-restoration For eco-restoration in the hills, the processing unit owners should also contribute to the afforestation efforts in the district. Involvement of local community should also be encouraged for such programmes. Housekeeping in the crushing zone need to be improved. 6.3.2.1 Pulverisers CPCB has recommended certain measures for the pulverisers to operate in an environmental friendly way. It is suggested for the pulveriser units to improve the environmental scenario in the district by strictly following the measures detailed below. These measures are: The pulverisers should only be allowed to operate at the mine pit head. Pulverisers shall not be driven by power more than 50 HP. No pulveriser shall be installed within a radial distance of 100 metres from link road, 500 metres from the state highway, national highway and 1 km from recognized village. The ground shall be kept wet near the pulverisers and adjoining approach lanes. Water sprinkling shall be done on the raw material i.e. on weathered stone/coarse sand limp, before feeding to the pulveriser for disintegration. Page No. VI - 7

6.4

The maximum height of the material drop point of the conveyor belt shall not exceed 4 metres. A suitable chute shall be used at the end of the conveyor for material dropping. Overloading of the trucks should be avoided in the area.

Best Management Practice For Mine/Crusher Unit Operations

For the mine and crusher units to operate in a environmentally compatible way, the best practice is to provide them with broader framework for operations which are in tune with the environmental characteristics of the region. There should be a Master Plan of the district showing areas where siting of mines, crushers units, housing complexes etc. may be possible keeping in view critical environmental factors like ground water and vegetation. The mine units should operate with approved mining plan and the operations should be environmentally compatible. The mine closure planning is one of the key ingredients in eco-upgradation in the area, which need to be encouraged. Likewise, the crusher units should give due emphasis to the air pollution control measures and there should be greenbelt of adequate thickness to prevent pollution.

Page No. VI - 8

CHAPTER-VII GUIDELINES FOR POLLUTION PREVENTION

7.1 Guidelines for Pollution Prevention

For eco-restoration of the Aravali hills, separate guidelines for pollution prevention and afforestation are required. These guidelines are necessary both for the government agencies as well as for the entrepreneurs. These are summarised hereunder: 7.1.1 Pollution Prevention Guidelines

The pollution prevention guidelines are prepared both for the mine operations as well as for allied activities. These are as under: 7.1.1.1 For Regulatory Authorities The regulatory authority having major role in the pollution prevention in the district are Department of Mines & Geology, State Pollution Control Board, Department of Agriculture, Forest Department, District Administration and Central Ground Water Board. The various actions required from these departments, for pollution prevention and ecological restoration of the Aravali hills, in the Gurgaon district, are detailed hereunder: Department of Mines and Geology Since the Department of Mines & Geology is responsible for grant of mine leases and their implementation, the following action from the department would greatly help in pollution prevention in the hills;

Increase the minimum size of mine lease from the present 1 ha to 5 ha to facilitate the mining operations in an environmentally sustainable manner. Execution of mining operations to generate lesser quantity of waste and over burden material To see that the mining operations are performed ultimately resulting into designated land use of the area and as per the landscaping finalised by the Town and Country Planning Department of Government of Haryana. Ensure mine closure and decommissioning to be in consonance with Master Plan of the district Reasonable funds are contributed to the fund, through collection of cess etc. from the leasees for eco-restoration Frequent inspections are carried out to ensure that mining operations are carried out as per the approved mine plans that are in consonance with the landscaping and the finalised land use pattern.

Page No. VII-1

Identification of the mines: includes instruction to the mine operators to exhibit the following at the mine site:
Sl No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Point to be exhibited Name of the mine Product from the mine Name of the owner Lease Number Lease area of the mine Production capacity Lease period of the mine Contact telephone number of owner

This will be helpful in identification of illegal mining in the district. State Pollution Control Board The State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) is responsible to oversee the environmental compliance status by industrial units. The following action from the SPCB will be helpful in reversing the environmental degradation, taking place in the district:

Compilation of the pollution status: this includes the following information in respect of the mining and crushing units: For Mining units:
Sl No. Parameters Existing Status Whether Whether in existing operation

1 2 3 4 5 6

7 8

Name of the mine Location of the mine Lease area Period of lease Dust suppressing measures Green belt around the mines a. Area b. No. of trees Pollution control facilities (If yes the details thereof) Other environmental protection measures, if any

Yes/No Yes/No Ha No. Yes / No

Yes/no

Yes / No

Page No. VII-2

For stone crusher units:

Sl No. Parameters Existing Status Whether Whether in existing operation

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10

Name of the unit Location of the unit Consent granted Period of consent Dust suppressing measures Provision of chute Provision of wind breaking wall Green belt around the unit a. Area b. No. of trees Green belt in between the stone crushing units Details of other existing environmental protection measures

Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Ha No.

Yes/no Yes/no Yes/no

Verification before grant of consent: once the base of information is prepared, this should be used as tool for granting further consent and compliance of the consent conditions. The officials from State Pollution Control Board must visit the site periodically (to start with monthly) to check the status of the pollution control measures. The frequency of visit may be reduced once the environmental scenario starts improving. It is suggested that State Pollution Control Board should initiate penal action within a year, against the mining and other industries, which are found violating the rules and not complying to the consent conditions. Submission of environmental statement: the Pollution Control Board should emphasize submission of environmental statement by the mine operators and crushing units. These statements may be on a cluster basis (with details of the individual units) for cluster of mines & industries, and individually for isolate units. These units must interalia furnish the information in respect of the status of the target environmental species in the environmental statement report. Creation of database: environmental database for the mines, crusher units and other industries should be created by the Pollution Control Board to have a clearer picture of the environmental status of the district. This can also be used as a tool for future decision-making. Monitoring of the environmental attributes: in order to have a clearer picture of the environmental scenario in the district, it is recommended that following parameters should be monitored by the Pollution Control Board itself:

Page No. VII-3

 Air quality: it should consist of SPM, RPM, SO2 and NOx parameters. The location should be within the complex, as well as in the nearby human settlements, which are most vulnerable. This is applicable to both mining and crusher units. The effect of the crusher (not located in zones) activities on the vulnerable localities should be periodically monitored. The air quality parameters should be monitored weekly. This may be subsequently reduced to fortnightly and ultimately monthly once the air quality status starts improving. Water Quality: This should as per the effluent quality parameters specified by CPCB. This is applicable to mining industry where the water is consumed for the operations. The water quality should be monitored monthly. The frequency may be ultimately reduced to quarterly once the water quality status shows improvement. Noise level: this should be monitored both for the mine and crusher units where there are human settlements nearby. This should be monitored monthly. Afforestation: this includes area of afforestation, no. of saplings planted and the type of species. This should be monitored quarterly. District Administration In the Aravali Notification, Ministry of Environment & Forests has restricted some processes and operations on certain categories of land. There is no record available at the district level of such land where this notification is applicable. In addition, it is required on the part of District Administration to co-ordinate with various State Departments to in its eco-restoration efforts. The following actions are therefore, recommended to be undertaken, by the district authorities, in collaboration with Forest Department and others, to facilitate eco-friendly operations:

Preparation of a district map showing the areas restricted under Aravali Notification: GIS based district map need to be prepared showing the following classes of lands (which are covered under Aravali Notification) preferably on a scale of 1:2,50,000: All reserved forests, protected forests or any other areas shown as forest in the land records maintained by the State Government as on the date of the notification i.e. 7th May, 1992. All areas shown as: a. Gair Mumkin Pahar, or b. Gair Mumkin Rada, or c. Gair Mumkin Behed, or d. Banjad beed, or e. Rundh In the land records maintained by State Government as on the date of this notification i.e. 7th May, 1992.

Page No. VII-4

Preparation of Master Plan: as indicated in Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of Indias Notification dated November 29th, 1999, the Master Plan should immediately be prepared and issued. In the areas, where substantial mining and industrial activities are existing, this master plan should be further detailed on 1:10,000 scale showing areas to locate the dump material, CETP facilities, carry out plantation work, specifying the type of plant species for a particular area, the final landscaping of the area and other such details. Initiating eco-restoration efforts: though the emphasis should now be there on the part of the entrepreneurs to take adequate environmental protection measures, government should immediately start ecorestoration efforts on the other areas where degradation has already occurred. This includes: Rehabilitation of the mined out areas. This includes reshaping of the mined out areas to come up in conformity with the Master Plan. These locations may be ultimately developed for water storage, water parks sites etc. Use of flyash, rural waste, and construction waste may be considered for filling of mine voids. Identification of the suitable plant species for afforestation on the hills and the other areas. Delineating the areas in the hills and elsewhere in the district for carrying out the plantation work Preparing programmes to carry out plantation work in the phase-wise manner keeping in view the overall eco-restoration objectivity. Carrying out the plantation work Protection & upkeep of plantation

Creation of Central fund for eco-restoration: Unless the eco-restoration efforts are streamlined, government should make available sufficient start-up fund for all the ecological restoration measures to be taken in the district. In addition, mechanism needs to be evolved to maintain sufficiency of the funds for this purpose in future. Contribution may be taken from the cess collected by the Mining & Geology Department and the revenue collected by Pollution Control Board. Environmental awareness: lack of awareness on the part of the mining owners and the indigenous people is the biggest factor in environmental degradation of the hills. The awareness programmes should be conducted by the district administration taking support from State Pollution Control Board, Forest Department and NGOs. The awareness programme should interalia endeavour to make the local people have lesser dependence on the hills for their survival and the entrepreneurs to effectively undertake environmental protection measures. The awareness programme should also be introduced in the education system at the primary level to make the school children aware of the environmental significance of the hills. Page No. VII-5

Alternative employment schemes: The district administration should endeavour to provide employment schemes to the poorer section of the society to lessen their dependence on the hills and the forest produce.

Department of Forests The following actions are required on the part of Department of Forests for ecorestoration of Aravali Hills:

Action Plan for Afforestation: target should be fixed for afforestation and the same should be carried out in a phase wise manner. The plantation work should be planned keeping in view the following: Increasing the fertility of the soil to support vegetation Increasing the vegetation Checking the soil erosion Vegetating the barren rocking land and gullied land At places, the consideration may be to make available fuel to the locals and fodder to livestock, to reduce the biotic pressure on the hills. Protection of the vegetated area: Efforts should be there to involve locals also to protect the existing vegetation and the plantation, which were carried out under the afforestation programme. Access to the common land: The regulated access to the common land in lieu of open access system should be encouraged. For this purpose, involvement of village panchayat should be ensured.

Development of Green Belt The green belt1 shall be developed as per the following guidelines: A standards horticulture practice should be followed while planting saplings in pits of dimension 1m*1m*1m for large tress and almost half of these dimensions for smaller trees and shrubs. A three-tier system should be followed in order to develop a canopy type green belt. Therefore, the plantation order shall follow shrubs, smaller trees and large trees from inside towards the boundary wall. More over, special care needs to be taken for planting shrubs/trees along the roadside. The height (1-1.5 metres for shrubs and 3-5 metres for trees) and the foliage areas shall be such that it does not affect the visibility. The selection of the plants at the boundary wall as well as along the roadside should be based upon tolerance towards pollutants. Since the proposed area falls in the trans-gangetic plains, hence following plants are recommended for preferable plantation:

Based on the work carried out by Central Pollution Control Board

Page No. VII-6

Shrubs
Common Name Kanghi Khair Biswal Kanchan Bougainvillea Bottle brush Karaunda Nebu Scarlet brush Jasum Lantana Mehdi Sazina Kaner Harsinghar Botanical Name Abutilon indicum Acacia catechu A pennata Bauhinia acuminate Bougainvillea spectabilis Collistemon citrinus Carissa spinarus Citrus limon Hamelia patens Hibiscus rosa-sinansis Lantana camara Law sonia inermis Moringa otuifera Nerium indicum Nyctanthus arbor-tristis

Tree
Common Name Silver wattle Gandh Black wattle Babool Beal Maharuk Siris Subabul Kala siris White siris Seetaphal Kadamba Harin Kathal Khairwal Astha Semla Kachnar Dhak Amaltas Yellow pink cassia Jungali saru Shisham Gulmohar Amla Rubber tree Botanical Name Acacia dealbata Acacia jarnesiana A. mearnsii A. Nilotica Aegle marmelos Alianthus excelsa Albizia lebbeck Albizia moluccana Albizia odoratissima A. Procera Anona squamosa Authocephalus chinensis Aphanamixis polystachya Atrocarpus heterophyllus Bauhinia purpurea Bauhinia recemosa B. semla B. varigata Butea monosperma Cassia fistula Cassia sp. Casuarina equisetifolia Dalbergia latifolia Delonix rogia Emblica officinalis Ficus elastica

Page No. VII-7

Bargad Gular Pipal Phalsa Mahwa Ashok Imli Arjuna Ber

F. Banghalensic F. Glomerata F. Religiosa Grewia subinequalis Madhuca longifolia Saraca asoka Tamarindus indica Terminalia arguna Zizyphus mauritiana

Department of Agriculture Department of Agriculture need more pro-active role in dealing with the reclamation measures of the salt affected lands. For this purpose, use of manure should be encouraged and emphasis on the chemical fertilizers should be lessened. Also there is need to extend necessary help to the forest department in rehabilitation of barren rocky land and the gullied land. All the aforesaid efforts require co-coordinated approach in consultation with Forest Department and also the Regional Office of Central Ground Water Board as ground water plays major role in checking the salinity problem. Management of Salinity: The multifaceted deleterious impact of salinity on the economic and social development of region calls for devising a sustainable strategy, which can ameliorate the salinity and facilitate the optimum reuse of ground water and soil. To achieve this objective, the following remedial measures are suggested: o The water table in the depression should be lowered. This could be done by installing a number of shallow bore wells and arranging the withdrawal of ground water at least equal to the annual recharge. This will control the water table and reduce the scope of evaporation. Excessive run-off should be passed out of the area through lined drains. The existing drains need to be re-planned keeping in view the slope, lithology and discharge of run off. The drain should also be used for transportation of saline ground water out of the area. This water could preferably be used in sandy soils by appropriately mixing with the fresh canal water. Plantation of eucalyptus tress should be encouraged where water table is upto 5 m deep. This will serve a dual purpose, first by lowering the ground water table through rapid transpiration and secondly by fetching a handsome price of the eucalyptus timber. Controlled irrigation by fresh water through canals may be arranged in the salinity zone. Unpolluted wastewater from Gurgaon urban complex could also be utilized here. This will help in leaching of salts downwards and growing crops in saline zone and reducing the evaporation. Use of saline ground water for irrigation should be discontinued. If not done, it will enhance soil salinity and render the marginal soil as wasteland.

Page No. VII-8

Possibility of prawn culture using saline ground water could be explored. If feasibly, it will not only uplift the economic status of the people but also utilize a natural resource, which is a cause for the backwardness of the area. Wherever possible, mulching may be practiced during summer to reduce evaporation.

7.1.1.2 For Entrepreneurs Mine Operations It is imperative on the part of the mine operators to carry out the mine operations in such a fashion that it has least impact on the ecology of the area. The following pollution prevention guidelines are suggested for the purpose:

Since most of the mines being operated in the areas are small in nature, it is essential that the mine owners (for those mines which occur in clusters) form a co-operative body, which based on the contributions from each individual owner, look after the pollution prevention measures for the cluster. This would have lesser economic impact on each individual owner and facilitate joint effort for the environmental betterment in the area. However, if such a body does not come up, individual owner will have to take up the responsibility to carry out the environmental protection measures. It is imperative on the part of mine operators to carry out the mine operations in such a fashion that the over burden materials are dumped at designated places and there should be central place for dumping of the other waste materials generated during the mining operations. There is need to centralize the effluent treatment facilities, afforestation etc. These places should be identified well in advance in consultation with the District Mining Engineer, Regional Officer of the Pollution Control Board and the District Administration. The mining operations should not leave steep slope in the quarries as in future this may be safety hazard. The slope should be gradual so that even after closure of the mines, there is easy access in the void. It is also required to fence the abandoned voids in order to avoid any accident in the future. The housekeeping in the quarry should be improved. There is need on the part of the mine operators to keep the transportation roads devoid of the particulate matter and the plantation on the side of the roads and in the vicinity of mines should be maintained in good condition. Based on the quality of effluent generated, a central place should be identified in the cluster of mines for treating the effluent generated. An in-built mechanism should be developed amongst the mine operators for reuse of the treated water. Page No. VII-9

The mine operators should protect the vulnerable localities in the vicinity of the cluster of mines from environmental pollution. For this purpose green belt of sufficient length should be developed between such localities and mine areas. The mine operators should voluntarily take-up more plantation work for ecological up gradation of the Aravali hills. However, for this purpose land should be identified by the district administration in consultation with Forest Department. The mine closure and decommissioning should be carried out in such manner so that the area is left is designated shape as per Master Plan.

In addition to the above, the following general guidelines are suggested for the mine operators: Air Pollution Control
Sl No. 1 Source of Pollution Drilling Possible Control Measures

Drilling machines to be fitted with dust collection, suppression and disposal arrangement Deep wetting of drilling zones by water sprinkling (if necessary with additive chemicals) before drilling, to be practiced While drilling in stone, the production of dust to be reduced by using drill bits which are sharp and in proper shape, by keeping suitable air pressure on the bit and separating the cuttings from the bit Proper blast hole geometry need to be designed Blast site to be wetted before and after blasting Proper and optimum quantity of explosives to be used. Controlled blasting to be practiced near the residential localities. Blasting to be conducted during favourable weather condition Regular maintenance to be initiated Speed limit to be maintatined Operators cabin of the HEMM should be preferably be air conditioned or at least air tight The smoke emission to conform the standard notified in Motor Vehicle Act. All the haul & service roads to be metalled and well maintained. Unmetalled roads to be free from ruts and pot holes All haul roads and surface roads to be regularly sprayed with water or with water mixed with suitable binder chemical Plantation along the haul roads (avenue plantation ) to be

Blasting

HEMM

Haul roads

Page No. VII-10

carried out

5 Overburden

Mined material receiving pit are to be located close to the quarry to reduce the haul length of the dumpers. The dumps which are no longer active need to be subjected to technical and biological reclamation Plantation over and around over burden dumps to ensure stability of slopes and prevention of dust by wind action Wetting of surface of OB dump to be regularly practised.

Noise Pollution Control

Sl No. 1 Source of Pollution Blasting Possible Control Measures

2 3

Drilling HEMM

Blast holes to be judiciously charged No blasting to be done when there is low cloud ceiling Milli-second delayed detonation to be used Operators to be provided with ear mufflers/ear plug or noise proof cabins shall be provided to the operators The engine exhaust of HEMM to be fitted with mufflers and cabins to be noise proof HEMM to be properly maintained Operators to be provided with ear mufflers/ ear plug. Imposition of speed restriction of HEMM near residential areas to be enforced The operational path of the HEMM to be rerouted away from the residential areas

Water Pollution Control

Sl No. 1 Source of Pollution Surface Possible Control Measures

Garland drains around quarry excavations to be constructed OBD tops to be dressed into a shallow saucer shape Contour drains along slope of OB dump to be constructed OB dump run off to be desilted through settling tanks before discharge into natural streams Effluent coming out of workshop should be treated for the pollutants. The treated water should be stored and reused.

Workshop

Page No. VII-11

Work Zone Environment Statutory provisions and recommendations of Director General of Mines Safety (DGMS) to be followed. For Allied Industries Under this group of industries, the major ones are crusher units. As already discussed in previous chapters, the crusher units are either located in zones or individually located at different locations. The guidelines for the crusher units are therefore developed for both and these are as under:

The dust suppression measures in the crusher units should be made operational. In most of the crusher units, the dust suppression measures were not found operational during the visit of the CPCB and CMPDI team. In addition, construction of wind breaking wall should also be undertaken at the earliest. This wall should be structurally sound and should rise upto the height of node point of the conveyor belt for a reasonable length say 50 m on the vulnerable abadi or road side or critical point side of the crushing unit. The chutes in the most of the crushers units were not provided. The crusher unit owners should take immediate steps to install the chutes. The plantation work along the boundary of the crusher unit should be provided. The owners should take immediate steps to start peripherial plantation (green belt) around the crusher units. Under such cases, the depth of the green belt should be as specified by SPCB. The number of trees to be planted should be as per suggestion of the State Pollution Control Board. The roads leading to the stone crushing units, should preferably be metalled one. In cases, where metalled roads are not possible, dust suppression measures should be installed on the roads and proper care should be taken by the owners to keep the road in good condition.

7.2

Monitoring of Eco-restoration Efforts

The eco-restoration of the Aravali Hills required multifarious efforts from various departments of the government. Therefore, it is necessary for a central agency to assume the charge of monitoring the environmental upgradation taking place in the area periodically and review the effectiveness of the efforts taken by various agencies. Since this is possibly the first time that such effort has been taken by CPCB to carry out environmental study, on a regional basis, for the entire district of Gurgaon, it would be prudent that CPCB also extends the help to State Departments for monitoring of the progress of the eco-restoration efforts in close guidance from MoEF. Eco-restoration efforts should be reviewed at a frequency of six months; targets for each contributing agency should be refixed if required for eco-restoration of the hills in the district. The Page No. VII-12

remote sensing technique would be a very good tool for assessing the land degradation and afforestation in the district apart from the data being generated/collected by regional offices of pollution control boards, forest departments etc. The following designated agencies are recommended to be in the proposed Task Force to assist CPCB (or other such agency) in reviewing the environmental status and guiding the further efforts for eco-upgradation in the district:

7.3

Regional Office of State Pollution Control Board Forest Department District Administration Department of Mining & Geology Irrigation Department Agriculture Department Central Ground Water Board District Industry Department

Monitoring by Mines and Other Industries:

In order to understand the environmental status in the mining areas and other industrial complexes; and the impacts of the mining and industrial operations on the nearby habitat, the environmental monitoring should be carried out by the mine and industrial owners. For cluster of mines and industries, the monitoring should cover the habitat within at least 2.5 kms radius from periphery of such industrial localities. These should be as under:

Mine Operations: In the localities where the mining operation are being carried out in clusters, the following parameters should be monitored by the entrepreneurs: Air Quality: The air quality should be monitored for SPM, RPM, SO2 and NOx parameters. The monitoring location should be within the middle of the grid wherein the cluster of mines is located. All the human settlements within 2.5 kms radius from the periphery of the area and those within the clusters should also be monitored. The frequency should be as under: Sl No. 1 2 3 4 Parameters SPM RPM SO2 NOx Monitoring Frequency2 Weekly Weekly Monthly Monthly

It is recommended that the monitoring stations in the cluster of mines localities should be positioned as shown in the diagram below to give fairly realistic picture of the pollution status in the locality. As stated
2

The frequency may be reduced once the environmental scenario starts improving.

Page No. VII-13

above, the all the localities within the grid and those within the 2.5 kms radius from the periphery of such clusters should also be monitored.
Air quality monitoring locations

Figure-7.1: Location of air quality sampling stations (shaded points) within the cluster of mines

Water Quality: The water quality should be monitored for all the effluents from the mines. The frequency of such monitoring should be monthly. However, if the quality of effluent is found within the acceptable limit, this may be reduced to quarterly i.e. once in three months. Noise level: The noise level should be monitored at all the habitat locations within 2.5 kms radius of the clusters. The frequency of monitoring should be monthly. However, if the monitored level shows the level within the prescribed limit consistently, this may be reduced to quarterly. For mining operations being carried out in isolate locations, the following are recommended: Sl No.
1

Environmental Parameters to be Attribute monitored

Air quality

Frequency
Once in a season

Remarks
To be carried out in winter & summer season for all habitat locations within 2.5 kms radius Summer season At all habitat locations within 2.5 kms radius

SPM RPM SO2 NOx

2 3

Water quality Noise level

Effluent parameters As per norms

Once in a season Once in a season

Other Industrial Operations: In the localities where the crusher operations are being carried out in clusters, the following parameters should be monitored by the entrepreneurs:
Air Quality : The air quality should be monitored for SPM, RPM, SO2 and NOx parameters. The monitoring location should be within the middle of the grid wherein the cluster of mines is located. All the human settlements within 2.5 kms from the periphery of the area and those within the clusters should also be monitored. The frequency should be as under:

Page No. VII-14

Sl No. 1 2 3 4

Parameters SPM RPM SO2 NOx

Monitoring Frequency3 Weekly Weekly Monthly Monthly

It is recommended that the monitoring stations in the cluster of crushers localities should be positioned as shown in the diagram below to give fairly realistic picture of the pollution status in the locality. As stated above, all the localities within the grid and these within the 2.5 kms radius from the periphery of such clusters should also be monitored. Air sampling location

Figure-7.2: Location of air quality sampling stations (shaded points) within the cluster of crushers

Water Quality: Since there is no effluent generated from the crusher operations, the monitoring of the effluent quality does not arise. Noise level: The noise level should be monitored at all the habitat locations within 2.5 kms radius of the clusters. The frequency of monitoring should be monthly. However, if the monitored level shows the level within the prescribed limit consistently, this may be reduced to quarterly. For crusher operations being carried out in isolate locations, the following are recommended: Sl No.
1

Environmental Attribute
Air quality

Parameters to be monitored

Frequency
Once in a season

Remarks
To be carried out in winter & summer season for all habitat locations within 2.5 kms radius Summer season At all habitat locations within 2.5 kms radius

SPM RPM SO2 NOx

2 3

Water quality Noise level

Effluent parameters As per norms

Once in a season Once in a season

The frequency may be reduced once the environmental scenario starts improving.

Page No. VII-15

Infrastructure for Environmental Monitoring Since in most of the mining and other industrial units in the district, the operations are carried out on a smaller scale, separate infrastructural set-up for environmental monitoring is not recommended. The mining and industrial units may take the help of local laboratories, which are recognised by CPCB, for environmental monitoring.

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CHAPTER-VIII RECOMMENDATIONS & ACTION PLAN

8.1 Recommendations

It may be concluded from the present study that eco-restoration of the Aravali Hills need concerted efforts from various departments of State Government, NGOs etc. Though the environmental upgradation measures need to be taken more seriously by the mining and other industrial operators, there is need on the part of the State Government to immediately start these measures in the areas where degradation has already taken place. The actions that have to be taken by various government departments may be summarised as under: State Government of Haryana: Eco-restroration programmes may be chalked out by State Govt. of Haryana in consultation with various government departments and the same should be carried out in phases. Central Pollution Control Board also needs to participate in such exercises and provide technical support for the purpose. It is also imperative on the part of State Government to improve inter-departmental coordination among various government departments to achieve the common objective i.e. ecological restoration of Aravali Hills in the district. The state government should also monitor the progress in eco-restoration efforts through satellite imagery at an interval of say 2 years. CPCB should also provide technical guidance to the State government in this matter.

District Administration: need to take up following action for eco-upgradation measures of the Aravali Hills: Identify the areas where illegal mining is being carried out and immediately take legal action against such persons. All the mining and stone crushers should be asked to display signboard giving all the relevant information on the status of their lease / units. The boundary line of the lease area should also be properly demarcated. Initiate action to issue to the concerned institutions to prepare & issue Master Plan showing developmental plan of the district integrating environmental concerns. The future land use pattern and the land-scaping should be finalized and the Master Plan should interlia exhibit the same. The Master Plan must interalia address the following issues: i. Land use planning clearly specifying the areas for overburden dumps, waste materials stocking sites, area earmarked for plantation along with the species, site for common effluent treatment plant (CETP) and common Bio-medical Waste Management facilities, hazardous waste dumping site and the sites for residential colonies.

Page No. VIII-1

ii. iii.

iv. v. vi. vii.

The master plan should also indicate the proposed eco-restoration plan to compensate the environmental degradation by the proposed activities in the master plan. Economic zoning and categorization of industries with reference to their pollution potential from A to H category. Master Plan should clearly indicate the categories of industries allowed in a particular industrial area. Natural Resource Assessment The areas proposed for the industrial area, mining area and stone crushing zone should be clearly indicated in the districts level maps. Plan for the rehabilitation of the wasteland and salt affected areas. Rehabilitation programmes for the abandoned mines areas either to convert these to water reservoirs and eco-parks or reclamation by filling by rural waste, urban waste or fly ash. The Master Plan should be detailed to show the areas where overburden could be dumped, areas where waste material could be stocked, areas where plantation could be carried out, type of plant species etc. Master Plan should interlia clearly specify the areas where mining may be permitted along with the measures required for eco-upgradation.

Providing more opportunities for alternative employment in the district. This should lessen the dependence on the hills and the forest produce, thus helping in conservation off natural resources. Help of local reputed NGOs may also be taken for the purpose. Preparing GIS based land use plan of the district showing the restricted areas as per the Aravali Notification. This will help in effective monitoring of the environmental protection measures. For any successful programme, participation of local people is very much essential. For eco-restoration of the Aravali hills also, participation of local community need to be ensured. In addition, efforts should be there to increase awareness among the local community regarding the need for protection of environmental in the district. Help of reputed local NGOs may be taken for this purpose. Efforts should be there to enhance shifting of attitude among the local community for rearing of cows, buffaloes etc. in lieu of goats and sheep. This will increase the biomass generation, increasing fertility of the soil and the productivity of the lands in the district. This will improve the fuel and fodder scenario for the poorer section of the society. Distribution of LPG cylinders may also be considered for the purpose. Regulated access of the common land in the district should be ensured to protect the natural resources in the district through the formation of village forest committees etc. The developmental planning in the district should not be carried out in isolation. All the planning should interlia include environmental impact and concerns of activities of one sector on the other sectors in the district e.g. afforestation should be planned not only with a view to increase vegetation on the hills but also be supplement for fuel, fodder etc. in the district. Thus, there should be integrated

Page No. VIII-2

planning covering all the departments in the district to foster the eco-restoration in the district. Action to be immediately started for rehabilitation of common lands in the region. These lands should be developed to provide support in respect of fuel and fodder and that will reduce biotic pressure on the hills. All efforts should be made to preserve the ground water resources. Water shed Management and rainwater harvesting to be implemented in the Aravali hills regions on war footing. In the areas where mining deeper than the ground water table of the area is to be carried out, adequate provision of pollution control and conservation of water resources should be made. Efforts need to be started immediately for reclamation of salt affected land. In addition, efforts are also required to be expedited for vegetation of barren rocky land and the gullied land. Possibilities of rehabilitation of the degraded lands in the form of abandoned mine pits to water reservoir and eco-parks to be explored. Besides water management it will have commercial benefits by attracting tourism and creating job opportunities. The other possibilities for reclamation of the abandoned mines which are not feasible for developing water reservoir and eco-parks are given below in the descending order of priority: Rural waste Urban waste Fly ash from thermal power plants

For this purpose, a survey may be undertaken to identify the bio-waste from rural areas, which could be used for filling the voids created due to mining operations. However, urban and semi-urban solid waste may also be considered for the purpose, which may include construction waste, and other solid waste, which are free from plastic, and other harmful substances. An option of fly ash disposal may also be considered for rehabilitation of mine voids and low lands.

Initiate close co-ordination among all related departments for eco-restoration of Aravali Hills.

Department of Mines & Geology: Department of Mines & Geology, Government of Haryana should take the following measures to streamline the mining activities in the region so that the mining and allied operations are in consonance with the designated land use planning of the district: Integrate the provision for approval of mine plan along with grant of mine lease. The mine plan should be in consonance with the designated land use pattern / landscaping of the area. There should be frequent inspections of the mining operations to ensure that these are in line with the requirement for sustainable development in the district. The inspection may be carried out at an interval of say 3 months.

Page No. VIII-3

There should be continual source of revenue from the mining operations to the fund, recommended to be created, for the eco-restoration of the Aravali Hills. This cost may be internalized into the cost of production. Small mining leases less than 5 ha should be discontinued. The minimum period of lease should be for 15-20 years. This will induce the mine operators to take environmental protection measures seriously.

State Pollution Control Board: The following actions are required on the part of the State Pollution Control Board to ensure sustainable mining and industrial operations in the district: Prepare inventory of the environmental upgradation measures undertaken by all the mining and other industrial operation in the Aravali Hill region. Specify the additional measures, if any, required for achieving environmentally compatible conditions. Periodically verify whether the environmental protection measures are in existence and operating effectively. Initiate legal action against mining and industry units found violating the environmental laws, standards and consent conditions. Regular monitoring to check compliance and to assess the ambient air quality, water quality and other environmental protection measures should be carried out at critical locations. Online monitoring stations and networking should be installed in the critical areas. In order to carry out environmental monitoring and other tasks, Regional Office may need additional staffing, budget, vehicle and equipment support, which may be assessed and accordingly provided. State PCBs should also undertake awareness programmes of the local people and the entrepreneurs. There should be frequent interaction with the mine / industry owners to ensure environmental protection. It is recommended that stone crushers should either be in identified zones or in the mining leases. The crushers outside the zones should be brought into the zones, in the mining lease areas in the phased manner. The siting criteria should accordingly be modified.

Department of Agriculture: The following actions are required on the part of State Department of Agriculture Rehabilitation of the salt affected land. This should be done in close coordination of the Regional Office of the CGWB. Development of the pasture lands. Rehabilitation of the barren rocky and gullied land Improve soil conservation measures in the district

Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF), Government of India: The following actions are required from MoEF side for environmental protection / eco-restoration in the area:

Page No. VIII-4

Ministry of Environment & Forests should take initiative to appoint a central agency to monitor the overall eco-restoration efforts in the Aravali Hills and to provide technical support to the implementing organizations. CPCB may be one such body to oversee the progress in environmental protection and eco-restoration and also to provide technical support to the implementing organizations. For this purpose, CPCB may seek assistance of a resource organization having experience in mining environment. The task force may be constituted with CPCB or any such agency to act as nodal agency and the officers from the following departments to be as members: Regional Office of State Pollution Control Board Forest Department District Administration Department of Mining & Geology Irrigation Department Regional Office of CGWB Agriculture Department District Industry Department

It is recommended that MoEF should also include representative from Central Ground Water Board and CPCB in the Expert Committee/Monitoring Committee constituted to examine the progress of the eco-restoration programmes and implementation of pollution control measures to comply with the standards. The renewal of mining lease and granting new leases should be effected after examining the environmental protection measures taken by the lessee. The above committee should periodically inspect and ensure the implementation of conditions imposed while granting lease.

Central Ground Water Board: The Regional Office of Central Ground Water Board should assess the ground water potential of the district covering some more monitoring stations, if required. They should recognize the areas where water tables are depleting and causing danger to the underground aquifer. It is suggested that Regional Office of CGWB should display the data on their site on Internet for the awareness of public and further usage. This will be a guiding tool for the further industrial and urban activities in the district, which affect the ground water level and to take stringent actions for water conservation. Also water shed management and rainwater harvesting in the region should be implemented. Forest Department: The Forest Department should fix the target for afforestation and the same should be carried out in phased manner. The Forest Department may even carry out the afforestation on behalf of mine operator. For this purpose, the expenses should be borne by the mine operators. This should be carried out keeping in view the following considerations:

Page No. VIII-5

Increasing the fertility of the soil to support vegetation Increasing the vegetation Checking the soil erosion Vegetating the barren rocking land and gullied land At places, the consideration may be to make available fuel to the locals and fodder to livestock, to reduce the biotic pressure on the hills. Protection of the vegetated area: Efforts should be there to involve locals also to protect the existing vegetation and the plantation, which were carried out under the afforestation programme. The afforestation programme should be carried out not on the mineral rich areas but on wasteland or village common land. Access to the common land: The regulated access to the common land in lieu of open access system should be encouraged. For this purpose, involvement of village panchayat should be ensured.

Central Pollution Control Board: The following actions, on the part of Central Pollution Control Board, are recommended: CPCB should review the status of environmental improvement periodically through field visits and interaction with other agencies. The environmental ingredients to be reviewed may be: Increase in vegetation / afforestation Status of salt affected land Status of rehabilitation of the degraded land Implementation of the master plan Status of ambient air quality, water quality, under ground water and other relevant environmental attributes. Implementation of pollution control measures taken by the mines/ processing units for implementation of the standards.

CPCB should also provide technical support to the implementing agencies. Take up further studies in the Aravali Range in the areas where the concentration of mining and allied activities are considerable to take stock of the environmental status of such areas and preparing action plan for ecorestoration.

Page No. VIII-6

Mine Lesseess: The mine lessees should implement the environmental management plan and mining plan approved by the concerned authority. The conditions imposed by the SPCB in the consent as well as notified environmental standards should be implemented by the mine lessees and other enterpreneurs. Also the conditions laid down by any other regulatory authorities like Ground Water Board, Director of Mine and Geology should also be implemented. Stone Crushers operators: The operators of stone crushers should fully implement the pollution prevention measures and emission standards notified under Environmental Protection Act, 1986. Also the condition imposed by SPCB in the consent granting in the Air Act, should be implemented.

8.2

Search for Sustainable Development of the Aravali Region

Though the aforesaid recommendations have been drawn for the industries existing in the Aravali range, any future effort in respect of search for sustainable development in the Aravali Range should broadly take into consideration resource potential in the region, the demand of the products and the supply options. Though the demand for the niche products existing in the Aravali Range which is one of the oldest mountain ranges in India will continue to grow, the supply options need to be given a closer look due to eco-sensitivity of the region. The environmental cost needs to be internalised in the cost of the product and there is need to limit the supply options. The Aravali range has been reported to prevent the desert from spreading into Indo-Gangetic plains. So, all the future planning should not only concentrate to meet the ever growing demand of the products but due consideration should also be given to protect the chain. All the developmental activities should therefore be planned in a coherent manner and there should be integrated approach for sustainable development in the Aravali Region. The major actions to be taken by various agencies is shown in Figure-8.1.

Page No. VIII-7

District Administration

Creation of Eco-restoration Fund

Central Pollution Control Board

Prepare district level map showing restricted areas as indicated in Aravali Notification Indicate the details for the plantation areas, waste material and overburden dump area and the landscaping apart from the final land use pattern in the Master Plan

Contribution through rent & royalties Contribution from State Government Contribution from Central Government Approach to International Institutions for the fund by State / Central Government Sufficiency of fund for eco-restoration efforts

Periodic review of progress in eco-restoration Resolution of deficiency if any on the ecorestoration efforts Issual of further guidelines for eco-restoration and further study in the range Further studies of critical areas

Department of Mines & Geology

Introduce approval of mine plan along with grant of mine lease and increase minimum size of lease to 5 ha Ensure mine plan, operations, mine closure and decommissioning, to be in consonance with the landscaping and future land use plan Ensure frequent inspection of the mines so that mine operations are as per the Master Plan

Expert Committee

Regulatory Bodies/ Monitoring Committee

Effective compliance of environmental rules/regulations Operation of mining and other industries in a sustainable manner Frequent interaction with entrepreneurs

Select the target environmental species needing utmost attention Intimate this to the Monitoring Committee for ensuring compliance

Eco-restoration Efforts by Entrepreneurs

State /Central Government & NGOs

Forest Department
Identify the area for taking up tree plantation which is consonance with the Master Plan, in phased manner Identify the plant species for such identified areas Provide input to Expert Committee to set the plantation target for the mine operators and other entrepreneurs Maintain the saplings planted

Pollution Control Measures Up gradation of Technology Eco-restoration measures

Creation of awareness to local people and entrepreneurs Improve literacy level Alternative employment opportunities offered Provide alternative for fuel and fodder

Ministry of Environment and Forests

Constitute a Task Force to oversee the various aspects of env up gradation, Include CGWB in Expert and Monitoring Committee Appoint an agency say CPCB to review the progress made in respect of environmental improvement

ECO-RESTORATION OF ARAVALI HILLS

Short-Term Action Plan for Eco-Restoration of the Aravali Hills Gurgaon District

Figure-8.1: Recommended Actions for various agencies for eco-restoration of Aravali Hills

Page No. VIII-8

Page No. VIII-10

Sl No. 1

Action Item

Name of the Agency to execute State Government of Haryana

Time duration 06 months 06 months

Remarks, if any

Initiate the eco-restoration efforts in the mined out and other aresa Improve inter-departmental co-ordination amongst various government departments to achieve the goal of environmental upgradation of the Aravali Hill region Monitor the eco-restoration efforts through satellite imagery at an interval of say 2 years Prepare the Master Plan for the development of the district integrating environmental concerns interalia showing:
-

06 months District Collector in association with various State Department 1 year

Land use pattern of the district Landscaping of the areas Areas where plantation could be carried out Type of species which could be planted in such areas Areas where overburden and waste material could be dumped, disposal sites for bio-medical wastes Guidelines for dumping of waste materials i.e. area and the height of the dumps and biological reclamation measures Plan showing degraded lands, which could be developed as water storage tanks/eco-parks etc. Siting of industries of categories A to H

Promote integrated developmental planning giving due consideration to environmental concerns of the area Issue district level map showing restricted areas as per Aravali Notification Initiate action for rehabilitation of degraded lands in the form of abandoned mine pits and others. Alternately these pits could be developed for rainwater harvesting.

Routine 03 months 06 months 06 months

Page No. VIII-9

Page No. VIII-10

Collect, compile and prepare the base document for the mining projects and other industries interalia covering: Name of mine/processing unit Name of the owner Production capacity Lease Number Consent period Existing pollution control measures Initiate monthly inspection of the existence of the pollution control measures and their operation Conduct environmental monitoring of the mines and crusher units situated in the hill region for assessment of the overall environmental status at critical locations Emphasize the details on target environmental species in the annual environmental statement Review the details so obtained and the monitoring report for grant of consent to the units in future Initiate legal action on the industries not complying to the consent conditions within a year Conduct awareness programmes and have regular interaction with the entrepreneurs to facilitate environmental upgradation Introduce preparation of mine plan, its submission, review and approval along with the grant of mine lease Increase the minimum size of the lease from the present 1 ha to 5 ha and lease period to minimum 15 ha to undertake the environmental protection measures effectively Fixing of environmental protection charges and collection of the same to the States fund for eco-restoration Regular inspection of the mines to ensure that mining operations are carried out as proposed which will finally result into mine closure and decommissioning in consonance with finalized land use pattern and landscaping Take action for treatment of effluent from mine before their

State Pollution Control Board

6 months

State Pollution Control Board State Pollution Control Board

1 month 3 months

State Pollution Control Board

2 months

State Pollution Control Board State Pollution Control Board

1 year Routine

Department of Mines & Geology Department of Mines & Geology

6 months 1 year

Department of Mines & Geology Department of Mines & Geology

1 year Routine

Mining Entrepreneur

06 months

Page No. VIII-10

Page No. VIII-10

discharge Carry out/ maintain the plantation in the mine areas in consultation with the Forest Department Disposal of solid waste at designated places Improve the housekeeping in the mine areas Monitor the environmental attributes in the mining areas and also the most vulnerable habitat sites Improve compliance to the EMP clearance conditions Carry out/ maintain the plantation in and around the crusher plant areas Improve the house keeping in and around the crusher plant Install the chutes and effectively operate the dust suppression measures Monitor the environmental attributes Improve compliance to the EMP clearance conditions Appoint a Central Agency (CPCB or any other) to monitor the eco-restoration efforts in the Aravali Hills. Such agency, may take assistance of a resource organization having expertise in mining environment. Make provision for representative of CGWB to participate in the Expert Committee and Monitoring Committee Meeting Constitute a National Task Force under CPCB or other such designated agency to review the progress made for ecorestoration of the Aravali Hills CPCB to participate in the Expert Committee & Monitoring Committee Meetings Ensure grant of new lease or renewal of lease to the entrepreneurs having satisfactory past performance Conduct six-monthly review of the eco-restoration measures taken by various government agencies and entrepreneurs Issue fresh guidelines, if required, for eco-upgradation in the district CPCB (or any other such designated agency) Routine For this purpose, CPCB may take assistance of a resource organization having Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India 06 months Crusher Operators 06 months

Page No. VIII-11

Page No. VIII-10

Assist State Government to assess the environmental degradation/up- review and suggest additional measures if required for upgradation Initiate further studies in the areas where concentration of mining and other industrial activities are significant in the Aravali ranges. Central Pollution Control Board 06 months

expertise in mining environmnet

This will be helpful in assessing the environmental status of the problematic area in the Aravali Hills and measures to be taken for eco-restoration

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Page No. VIII-10

Long-Term Action Plan For Eco-Restoration of the Aravali Hills Gurgaon District
Sl No. 1 2 Action Item Name of the Agency to execute
State Government of Haryana State Government of Haryana

Time duration Remarks, if any

Routine 1 year

Continue to execute eco-restoration efforts in the district Initiate study for the sustainable development of the Gurgaon district. This should interalia take into consideration the availability of the resources and their productivity potential and the future demand pattern Initiate R&D studies for greening of the Aravali range

State Government

1 year

This will provide thrust to the afforestation programme in the Aravali Range

Monitoring of ground water level at strategic locations in the district

Regional Office of Central Ground Water Board

Routine

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Page No. VIII-10

Annexure-I

ARAVALLI
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT & FORESTS NOTIFICATION

New Delhi, the 7th May 1992

(Under Section 3(1) and 3(2) (v) of the Environment Protection) Act, 1986 and rule 5 (3) (d) of the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986 restricting certain activities in specified area of Aravalli Range, which are causing Environmental Degradation in the Region. S.O. 319 (E) - Whereas a Notification under section 3 (1) and section 3 (2) (v) of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of 1986) inviting objections against restricting certain activities in specified area of Aravalli Range which are causing Environmental Degradation in the Region was published in the Gazette of India, Part II-Section 3 Sub-section (ii) vide S. O. 25 (E) dated 9th January, 1992; And whereas all objections received have been duly considered by the Central Government; Now, therefore, in exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section (1) and clause (v) of sub-section (2), of section 3 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of 1986), read with rule 5 of the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986, the Central Government hereby prohibits the carrying on of the following process and operations, except with its prior permission, in the areas specified in the Table appended to this Notification:
I. Location of any new industry including expansion modernisation; II. All new mining operations including renewals of mining leases. III. Existing mining leases in sanctuaries/national Park and areas covered under IV. Mining is being done without permission of the competent authority. V. Cutting of trees; VI. Construction of any clusters of dwelling units, farms houses, sheds, community

Project Tiger and/or

centres, information centres and any other activity connected with such construction (including roads a part of any infrastructure relating thereto); VII. Electrification (laying of new transmission lines).

Any person who desires to undertake any of the above mentioned processes or operations in the said areas, shall submit an application to the Secretary, Ministry of Environment and Forests, New Delhi, in the attached application form (Annexure) specifying, inter alia, details of the area and the proposed process or operation. He shall also furnish an Environment Impact Statement and an Environmental Management Plan along with the application and such other information as may be required by the Central Government for considering the application. Page No. Ann(I)-1

The Central Government in the Ministry of Environment and Forests shall, having regard to the guidelines issued by it from time to time for giving effect to the provisions of the said Act, grant permission within a period of three months from the date of receipt of the application or where further information has been asked for from the applicant, within a period of three months from the date of the receipt of such information, or refuse permission within the said time on the basis of the impact of the proposed process or operation on the environment in the said area. For seeking permission under this Notification, an application in the prescribed form (see Annexure), duly filled in, may be submitted to the Secretary, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Paryavaran Bhavan, CGO Complex, Lodi Road, New Delhi. [No. 17/1/91-PL/IA] R. RAJAMANI, Secy. TABLE Areas where carrying on of processes and operations without permission is prohibited (i) all reserved forests, protected forests or any other area shown as "forest in the land records maintained by the State Government as on the date of this notification in relation to Gurgaon District of the State of Haryana and the Alwar District of the State of Rajasthan. All areas shown as: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Gair Mumkin Pahar, or Gair Mumkin Rada, or Gair Mumkin Behed, or Banjad Beed, or Rundh.

(ii)

(iii) (iv)

in the land records maintained by the State Government as on the date of this notification in relation to Gurgaon district of the State of Haryana and the Alwar district of the State of Rajasthan. all areas covered by notifications issued under section 4 and 5 of the Punjab Land Preservation Act, 1900, as applicable to the State of Haryana in the district of Gurgaon up to the date of this Notification. all areas of Sariska National Park and Sariska Sanctuary notified under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 (53 of 1972).

Page No. Ann(I)-2

ANNEXURE APPLICATION FORM 1. (a) Name & address of the project proposed: (b) Location of the project: Name of the Place: District, Tehsil: Location Map: (c) Alternate sites examined and the reasons for the site proposed: Objectives of the project: (a) Land Requirement: Agriculture land: Other (specify): (b) (i) Topography of the area indicating gradient, aspect & altitude. (ii) Erodability classification of the proposed land. (c) Pollution sources existing within 10 km. Radius. (d) Distance of the nearest National Park/Sanctuary/Biosphere reserve/Monuments/heritage site/Reserve Forest: (e) Rehabilitation plan for Quarries/borrow areas : (f) Green belt plan. (g) Compensatory afforestation plan. Climate & Air Quality*: a. Wind rose at site: b. Max. /Min./Mean annual temperature. c. Ambient air quality data: d. Nature & concentration of emission of SPM, Gases (CO, CO2, SO2, NOx etc.) from the project: ** (a) Water balance at site surface and ground water availability and demand: (b) Lean season water availability: (c) Water source to be tapped with details of competing users (Rivers, lake, Ground, Public supply): (d) Water Quality: (e) Changes observed in quantity and quality of water in the last 15 years and present charging and extraction details: (f) (i) Quantum of waste water to be released with treatment details: (ii) Quantum & Quality of water in the receiving water body: (iii) Quantum of waste water to be released on land and the type of land: 6. Solid Wastes: (a). Nature & quantity of solid wastes generated: (b). Solid waste disposal method: Page No. Ann(I)-3

2. 3.

4.

5.

7.

Noise & vibrations: (a) Sources of noise & vibrations: (b) Ambient noise level: (c) Noise & vibration control measures proposed: (d) Subsidence problem, if any, with control measures:

8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

Power requirement indicating source of supply; complete environmental details to be furnished separately, if captive power unit proposed: Total labour force to be deployed with details of: Endemic health problems in the area. Health care system proposed: (a) Number of families and population to be displaced : (b) Rehabilitation Master Plan: Risk assessment report:

(a) Environmental Impact Assessment Report : (b) Environmental Management Plan: Prepared as per Guidelines of MEF issued from time to time. (c) Detailed Feasibility Report: (d) Proposal for diversion of Forestland under Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 including Benefit Cost analysis. 13. Recommendations of the State Pollution Control Board and/or the State Department of Environment & Forests. Signature of the Applicant Along with name, date and full Postal address. _________________________________________________________________ *Data may be obtained from India Meteorological Department and State Pollution Control Board. **Ground water Board and the Irrigation Deptt. May be contacted for data. N.B. Item Nos. 3(c), 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12 (b) and 12 (c) are not applicable to cutting of trees. Item Nos. 3(c), 4, 7, 11 are not applicable to construction of cluster of dwelling units, farm sheds, community centre and any other activity connected with such construction including roads. Item Nos. 3(b), 3(c) (3e), 3(f), 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12(a) & 12(b) are not applicable to electrification. All items to be furnished in case of mining, industry, thermal power, transport projects. Notwithstanding the above, any item(s) considered not applicable may be so indicated along with reasons.

_______________________________________________________________________________

Page No. Ann(I)-4

TABLE-1: INVENTORY OF MINING LEASES IN DISTRICT GURGAON GRANTED FOR MAJOR/MINOR MINERALS
Sl No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Name of the Lessee M/s S.A. Minerals Shri Mani Ram Shri Lal Chand M/s Juneja & Company M/s Ravinder Makkar & Company M/s Ashok Bhasin & Company M/s Abdul Razak and Associates M/s Bright Star Mining Company M/s Tajvir Singh & Company M/s Subhas Yadav & Company M/s Shiv Akta Mines M/s Ishwar Minerals M/s Ishwar Minerals M/s Ishwar Minerals M/s Maruti Minerals Shri Ashok upta M/s Aravali Mines & Silica Sand M/s Subhas & Company Address 2008, Bank Street, Karol Bagh, New Delhi C/o shri S.N. Sharma, 152, Sarai Julana, New Delhi 312, Apka Bazar, Gurgaon J.T. Road, Palwal 356, Ward No. 6, hansi F-112, Kirti Nagar, New Delhi VPO- Padhani, Gurgaon B-3, Greater Kailash, New Delhi U-24, Town House, DLF Phase-III, Gurgaon Yadav Nivas, Opposite-SP Office, Gurgaon VPO- Bhango, District- Gurgaon 30-Ishwar Nagar, New Delhi 30-Ishwar Nagar, New Delhi 30-Ishwar Nagar, New Delhi 4, Sukh Vihar, Parwana Road, Delhi 4, Sukh Vihar, Parwana Road, Delhi No. 1, Rajendra Colony, Link Road, Sector-28, Faridabad 112, Hope Apartments, Sector-15, II Gurgaon Location Gangani Mohamadpur Ahir Jalalpur, Sohna Nurpur Kharak, Sohana Silkho Somdh Bandhri-I Bandhri-II Ghamroj Bhango Naurangpur-I Nauragpur-II Bar Gujjar Rozka Gujjar 5 Belola-I Rojka Gujjar-1 Indri Area(ha) 406.24 92.85 91.00 11.16 143.32 103.06 69.14 108.66 91.20 106.42 137.79 167.11 108.51 234.00 28.262 19.71 29.25 49.135 Name of the Minerals Silica sand, Ordinary Sand & Stone Silica sand & Ordinary sand Silica sand & Ordinary sand Silica sand, Ordinary sand & stone Silica sand & Ordinary sand Silica sand & Ordinary sand China Clay, Ordinary Sand & Stone Silica sand, China Clay, Quartz, Ordinary sand & Stone China Clay & Stone China Clay, Quartz, Ordinary sand & stone China Clay & Stone China Clay and stone China Clay & Stone China Clay, Silica sand, Ordinary Sand & Stone China Clay, silica sand, Quartz, Ordinary sand & stone China Clay, silica sand & stone Quartz, Quartzite & stone

Page No.- Ann(II)-1

Sl No. 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

Name of the Lessee M/s Rajinder Dhingra & Associates M/s Rajinder Dhingra & Associates M/s Surjeet Arora & Associates -do-doM/s Virender Singh Teja & Associates M/s Parminder Singh & Associates M/s Subhas & Company M/s Surinder & Company M/s Satish & Company -doM/s Gupta & Company -doM/s Kailash Kumar & Company M/s Gurgaon, Sohna Minerals Corporation M/s PCL Minerals Corporation -doM/s Manjeet Chawala & Company -doM/s Ranbeer Singh & Company M/s balbir Singh & Company M/s Jai Minerals M/s Gupta & Company M/s Dalip Singh & Company M/s New India Minerals Corporation M/s Mahan Minerals M/s Maruti Minerals M/s Faridabad Minerals Corporation

Address 3/51, Shivaji Nagar, Gurgaon 3/51, Shivaji Nagar, Gurgaon Anand Niketan, Sohna, Gurgaon -do-doC-4/42, SDA, New Delhi C-4/37, SDA, New Delhi 112, Hope Apartments, Sector-15, II, Gurgaon 451-Urban Estate-II, Hissar Goyal Bhavan, Tauru -doBehind PNB, Qutabpur, Rewari -doBhima Basti, Fatehabad 191, Model Town, Gurgaon 30, Ishwar Nagar, New Delhi -doG-201, Preet Vihar, Delhi -doVPO- Nathupur, Gurgaon VPO- Balsamand, Hissar 30, Ishwar Nagar, New Delhi Behind PNB, Qutabpur, Rewari 131/12, New Railway Road, Gurgaon L-116, Kirti Nagar, New Delhi 30-Ishwar Nagar, New Delhi 47-Sukh Vihar, Parwana Road, Delhi 15-A/849, Faridabad

Location Marola Chajjupur Mahavan Khor Berka Alimudin Rozka Basai Melhawas Shakatpur Rehna Tapkan Panchgaon Malaka Teekli Dhulawat Bisar, Akbarpur Kota Khandewala Shikohpur I Shikohpur II Bhondasi Rithoj Khoh Chilla Belola-III Hariahera Alipur Berhampur 3 Rozka Gujjar 2

Area(ha) 32.12 27.732 38.85 92.795 112.88 118.90 78.325 3.2725 91.09 193.6 100.23 94.625 1.22 32.715 119.3 191.82 301.6 74.75 5.274 802.322 123.55 44.07 122.93 19.56 159.782 29.25 93.05 28.925

Name of the Minerals China Clay, Quartzite, Stone China Clay, Quartzite, Stone -do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-doChina Clay, quartzite, quartz and stone China Clay, stone Quartz, Stone China Clay, Quartzite, Stone -doChina Clay, Quartzite, Quartz, Stone -doSilica Sand, Quartz, China clay & Stone Silica sand, Quartzite, Ordinary sand & Stone -do-doSilica sand, China Clay & Stone

46

Page No.- Ann(II)-2

TABLE-2: LIST OF MINING LEASES IN DISTRICT GURGAON GRANTED FOR ROAD METAL AND MASONARY STONE IN 1999
Sl No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Name of the Lessee Shri Mukhtair Singh M/s Shri Ram Minerals Shri Lalit Kumar Shri Jitender Singh M/s Mukesh Ladha & Company Shri Jitender Kumar Shri Balbir Singh Saini M/s RRF Stone Company M/s Vikram & Company Shri Hari Chand Shri Atam Prakash Shri Amarnath M/s New Stone Company Shri Sanjay Singh M/s Hiranyada (India) Pvt Limited Shri Satbir Singh M/s Beniwal & Company M/s Ram Phal Mohinder & Company Shri Bhusn Khurana Shri Pharis M/s Deposit Mining Company Shri Dharmender Singh Address Village-Toda, The-Loharu, Dist-Bhiwani 47, Sukh Vihar, Delhi 468/9, Babra Mohalla No. 2, Rohtak 1161, Sector-4, Gurgaon Khol House, Circular Road, Rewari 114/12, Jahajpur, Hissar Saini Pura, Subhas Road, Rohtak 2G/92, BPNIT Faridabad Mangal House 1, Mehrauli Road, Gurgaon Village-Pangultu, Galota, Tehsil-Hodel, faridabad Nai Mandi, Narnaul VPO-Kailana, Tehsil-Ganaur, Sonepat 37/8, Model Town, Gurgaon VPO-Ujjina, The-Nuh, Gurgaon H-17/20, Sector-7, Rohini, New Delhi H. No. 106, Sector-14, Sonipat 16, Market Committee, Faridabad VPO- Sudken Khurd, Jind 841, Sector-14, Faridabad Rithath, Firozpur Jhirka, Gurgaon Ishwar Industries, Rohtak Road, Charkhi Dadri, Bhiwani 835/33, Kath Mandi, Rohtak Location Badshahpur, Thethar Charora-1 Charora-2 Alalpur Notaki Palla sahawaran Bhupawali Palri-I Nangli Dewla Kalinger, Bibipur Nalhar Palri-2 Bai Thethar Dhadoli Kalan Kasan-1 Kasan-2 Kasan-3 Rithath Sakatpur-1 Sakatpur-2 Area(ha) 53.36 70.00 86.8125 35.6775 81.00 27.91 77.87 4.95 54.725 30.0475 12.757 136.52 50.925 180.455 70.61 25.785 91.4175 85.65 90.425 27.605 20.125 18.51 Name of the Minerals RM & SM -do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-

Page No.- Ann(II)-3

TABLE-3: LIST OF VILLAGES WHERE THE MINING LEASES IS BEING GRANTED IN NEAR FUTURE IN DISTRICT GURGAON SL NO.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

LOCALITY
Rozka Gujjar Plot No. 6 Rozka Gujjar Plot No. 7 Rozka Gujjar Plot No. 8 Rozka Gujjar Plot No. 9 Mahun Plot No. 1 Mahun Plot No. 2 Chittora Pingwan Plot No. 1 Akbarpur Sehsola (Northern-I) Sehsola (Northern-II) Chandraka Gujjar Nangala Dungoja Bhagola Jharpuri shekhpur Rwa dhana gehbar-i gehbar-ii paded cudhola bajidpur nawli papra kulrola gwaliar rilaka

MINERALS FOR WHICH THE LEASE IS TO BE GRANTED

Silica sand, ordinary sand, road metal & masonary stone -do-do-doSlate Stone, Road Metal and Masonary Stone -do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-

Page No.- Ann(II)-4

TABLE No. III-1

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF GURGAON DISTRICT Location Season Month : : : Sohna (Near Tourist complex) (GA1) Summer May 2001

Unit: g/m3

Sl. No.

Sampling Date

Sampling Time (Hrs.) 06-14

Parameters SO
2

NOx 15 19 11 14 18 11 17 19 13 16 18 13

CO <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5

SPM

RPM

13 16 9 12 14 10 15 18 11 14 17 11

02/03.05.2001

14-22 22-06 06-14

182

49

10/11.05.2001

14-22 22-06 06-14

178

47

18/19.05.2001

14-22 22-06 06-14

186

51

25/26.05.2001

14-22 22-06

189

52

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TABLE No. III-2

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF GURGAON DISTRICT

Location Season Month Sl. No. 1

: : :

Shikarpur (Near Tauru) (GA2) Summer May 2001 Sampling Time (Hrs.) 06-14 14-22 22-06 06-14

Unit: g/m3 Parameters

Sampling Date

SO2 15 17 11 16 19 12 18 20 13 19 21 13

NOx 17 19 12 18 21 13 20 22 14 21 23 14

CO <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5

SPM 206

RPM 56

02/03.05.2001

10/11.05.2001

14-22 22-06 06-14

204

54

18/19.05.2001

14-22 22-06 06-14

215

59

25/26.05.2001

14-22 22-06

223

61

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TABLE No. III-3

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF GURGAON DISTRICT
Location Season Month : : : Malab (Alwar Road) (GA3) Summer May 2001

Unit: g/m3

Sl. No. 1

Sampling Date

Sampling Time (Hrs.) 06-14 14-22 22-06 06-14

Parameters SO2 11 15 7 12 16 10 12 14 9 14 17 10 NOx 13 17 10 14 18 9 12 15 10 13 16 11 CO <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 167 43 148 38 152 39 145 37 SPM RPM

03/.04.05.2001

11/12.05.2001

14-22 22-06 06-14

19/20.05.2001

14-22 22-06 06-14

26/27.05.2001

14-22 22-06

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TABLE No. III-4

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF GURGAON DISTRICT

Location Season Month

: : :

Bhondsi (GA4) Summer May 2001

Unit: g/m3

Sl. No. 1

Sampling Date

Sampling Time (Hrs.) 06-14 14-22 22-06 06-14

Parameters SO2 15 19 11 17 20 12 19 22 12 18 23 11 NOx 17 21 12 19 23 13 20 25 13 21 26 12 CO <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 213 56 218 57 206 55 194 51 SPM RPM

02/03.05.2001

10/11.05.2001

14-22 22-06 06-14

18/19.05.2001

14-22 22-06 06-14

25/26.05.2001

14-22 22-06

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TABLE No. III-5

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF GURGAON DISTRICT

Location Season Month

: : :

Kherala (Near Damdama) (GA5) Summer May 2001

Unit: g/m3

Sl. No. 1

Sampling Date

Sampling Time (Hrs.) 06-14 14-22 22-06 06-14

Parameters SO2 13 16 9 14 18 10 14 19 10 16 20 11 NOx 15 17 10 16 19 11 17 20 11 18 22 12 CO <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 226 57 213 54 202 51 189 49 SPM RPM

02/03.05.2001

10/11.05.2001

14-22 22-06 06-14

18/19.05.2001

14-22 22-06 06-14

25/26.05.2001

14-22 22-06

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TABLE No. III-6

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF GURGAON DISTRICT (HARYANA)

Location Season Month

: : :

Rahaka (Sohna-Ballabhgarh Road) (GA6) Summer May 2001

Unit: g/m3

Sl. No. 1

Sampling Date

Sampling Time (Hrs.) 06-14 14-22 22-06 06-14

Parameters SO2 10 13 8 12 14 9 11 13 8 12 16 9 NOx 12 16 9 14 18 10 13 18 9 14 20 11 CO <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 143 35 132 32 136 33 121 31 SPM RPM

03 /04.05.2001

11/12.05.2001

14-22 22-06 06-14

19/20.05.2001

14-22 22-06 06-14

26/27.05.2001

14-22 22-06

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TABLE No. III-7

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF GURGAON DISTRICT

Location Season Month

: : :

Firozepur Jhirka (GA7) Summer May 2001

Unit: g/m3

Sl. No. 1

Sampling Date

Sampling Time (Hrs.) 06-14 14-22 22-06 06-14

Parameters SO2 15 18 10 16 19 11 18 21 12 17 20 11 NOx 17 21 11 19 23 12 20 25 13 19 23 12 CO <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 196 52 204 56 173 48 168 46 SPM RPM

03/04.05.2001

11/12.05.2001

14-22 22-06 06-14

19/20.05.2001

14-22 22-06 06-14

26/27.05.2001

14-22 22-06

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TABLE No. III-8

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF GURGAON DISTRICT

Location Season Month

: : :

Ghasera (Alwar Road) (GA8) Summer May 2001 Sampling Time (Hrs.)

Unit: g/m3 Parameters

Sl No.

Sampling Date

SO2

NOx

CO

SPM

RPM

06-14 1 03/04.05.2001 14-22 22-06 06-14 2 11/12.05.2001 14-22 22-06 06-14 3 19/20.05.2001 14-22 22-06 06-14 4 26/27.05.2001 14-22 22-06

12 15 8 11 14 8 12 17 10 13 19 11

13 17 9 12 16 9 14 20 11 16 22 11

<114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 171 46 166 44 143 39 152 42

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Table No. III-9 :Water Quality Report

Name of the District Date of Water Sampling Name of Water Sampling Locations Gurgaon 28 April, 2001 1. Openwell water at Jarasi village

2. Bore-well water at Dhulawat Parameters expressed in mg/litre unless specified otherwise BDL Below detection Limit Parameters analysed as per IS:10500 standards

Sl No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

Parameters Colour, Hazen Unit, Max Odour Taste Turbidity, NTU, Max pH value Total Hardness Iron Chlorides Total Residual Chlorine Dissolved Solids Calcium Copper Manganese Sulphate Nitrate Fluoride Mercury Cadmium Selenium Arsenic Lead Zinc Hexavalent Chromium Boron Phenolic compounds Mineral Oil Alkalinity MPN/100 ml

Sampling Stations 1 2 1 2 Unobjectionable Agreeable 1 2 7.37 7.67 50 170 BDL BDL 40 86 BDL BDL 332 454 27.6 38 BDL BDL BDL BDL 11 112 0.26 0.80 0.73 0.57 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 32 102 2 Nil

BIS:10500 standards 5 Unobjectionable Agreeable 5 5.5-8.5 300 0.3 250 0.2 500 75 0.05 0.1 200 45 1 0.001 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.05 5 0.05 1 0.001 0.01 Nil

Remarks

Page No. Ann(III)-9

Table No. III-10: Water Quality Report

Name of the District Date of Water Sampling Name of Water Sampling Locations Gurgaon 28 April, 2001 1. Damdama Pond water

Parameters expressed in mg/litre unless specified otherwise BDL Below detection Limit Parameters analysed as per IS:2296 standards [Class-C]

Sl No.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Parameters
Colour, Hazen Unit, Max Odour Taste Dissolved Oxygen pH value Total Hardness Iron Chlorides BOD Dissolved Solids Calcium Copper Manganese Sulphate Nitrate Fluoride Mercury Cadmium Selenium Arsenic Lead Zinc Hexavalent Chromium Phenolic compounds Mineral Oil Alkalinity

Sampling Stations
1 5 Unobjectionable Taseless 4.45 6.77 86 BDL 10 5 78 19.2 BDL BDL 1 0.88 0.40 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.08 BDL BDL BDL 68

BIS:2296 standards
300 $ $ 4 6.5-8.5 $ $ 600 3 1500 $ 1.5 $ 400 50 1.5 $ 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.1 15 0.05 0.005 0.01

Remarks

Class C tolerance limit is for surface water used for drinking water source with conventional treatment followed by disinfection $ - limits not specified Page No. Ann(III)-10

TABLE No. III-11 NOISE LEVEL DATA OF GURGAON DISTRICT

Location Season : : Sohna (GN-1) Summer

Dates of Monitoring :
Sl. No. Time (Hrs.)

05.05.2001 (1) & 25.05.2001 (2)

Leq Noise Level (1) (2) 47.6 53.2 50.4 46.2 40.6 42.2 Peak Noise Level (1) 49.1 55.4 52.3 50.4 41.6 44.1 (2) 51.3 57.2 54.1 49.3 42.4 44.3

Unit: dB(A)
Mean Noise Level (1) 47.8 52.3 50.6 48.8 40.2 42.1 (2) 48.6 54.2 52.4 47.5 41.1 43.5

1 2 3 4 5 6 Night Day

06-10 10-14 14-18 18-22 22-02 02-06

46.2 51.3 49.1 47.6 39.2 41.3

TABLE No. III-12 NOISE LEVEL DATA OF GURGAON DISTRICT

Location Season : : Tauru (GN-2) Summer

Dates of Monitoring :
Sl. No. Time (Hrs.)

05.05.2001 (1) & 25.05.2001 (2)

Leq Noise Level (1) (2) 45.3 48.2 48.7 46.9 36.8 38.7 Peak Noise Level (1) 46.5 49.6 51.2 48.1 37.8 40.1 (2) 48.1 51.7 52.8 49.3 38.3 40.8

Unit: dB(A)
Mean Noise Level (1) 44.2 47.6 48.5 46.4 37.3 39.1 (2) 46.5 49.3 49.8 47.6 37.5 39.4

1 2 3 4 5 6 Night Day

06-10 10-14 14-18 18-22 22-02 02-06

43.1 46.8 47.3 45.7 36.4 38.2

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TABLE No. III-13 NOISE LEVEL DATA OF GURGAON DISTRICT

Location : Season : Dates of Monitoring : Rahaka (GN-3) Summer 05.05.2001 (1) & 25.05.2001 (2) Leq Noise Level (1) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Night Day 06-10 10-14 14-18 18-22 22-02 02-06 39.4 40.6 41.8 39.1 33.2 35.3 (2) 40.2 41.4 42.6 39.4 33.5 36.1 Peak Noise Level (1) 41.8 43.2 45.1 42.4 35.1 37.3 (2) 42.2 44.1 46.3 42.7 35.3 38.1

Unit: dB(A) Mean Noise Level (1) 40.4 41.6 43.1 40.3 34.1 36.2 (2) 41.3 42.6 43.8 40.3 34.1 36.9

Sl. No.

Time (Hrs.)

Location : Season : Dates of Monitoring : Sl. No.

TABLE No. III-14 NOISE LEVEL DATA OF GURGAON DISTRICT

Kherala (GN-4) Summer 05.05.2001 (1) & 25.05.2001 (2) Leq Noise Level (1) (2) 42.1 44.3 47.5 42.8 36.5 39.2 Unit: dB(A) Mean Noise Level (1) 42.6 44.8 47.4 42.9 36.8 39.1 (2) 43.4 45.7 48.8 43.5 37.2 39.8

Time (Hrs.)

Peak Noise Level (1) 44.2 47.1 50.6 44.5 38.4 40.6 (2) 45.4 48.2 51.3 45.6 38.7 41.3

1 2 3 4 5 6 Night Day

06-10 10-14 14-18 18-22 22-02 02-06

41.3 43.6 46.3 42.1 36.2 38.3

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TABLE No. III-15 NOISE LEVEL DATA OF GURGAON DISTRICT

Location : Season : Dates of Monitoring : Firozepur Jhirka (GN-5) Summer 05.05.2001 (1) & 25.05.2001 (2) Leq Noise Level (1) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Night Day 06-10 10-14 14-18 18-22 22-02 02-06 45.1 47.3 48.2 44.8 38.1 39.8 (2) 45.8 48.1 49.3 45.2 38.9 40.3 Peak Noise Level (1) 48.3 50.8 52.4 47.3 39.7 40.6 (2) 47.1 51.3 53.6 48.1 40.2 41.7

Unit: dB(A) Mean Noise Level (1) 46.2 48.5 49.3 45.7 39.2 40.7 (2) 46.6 49.2 50.7 46.1 39.6 41.1

Sl. No.

Time (Hrs.)

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TABLE No. III-16 NOISE LEVEL STATUS OF GURGAON DISTRICT

Season Month : : Summer May 2001
Leq Noise Level
Min. Max. Mean Min.

Unit: dB(A)
Peak Noise Level
Max. Mean

Sl. No.

Location Name

Time

Mean Noise Level

Min. Max. Mean

Day

46.2 39.2 43.1 36.4 39.4 35.1 49.3 40.6 45.1 39.7

53.2 47.6 48.7 46.9 42.6 42.7 47.5 45.6 49.3 48.1

49.6 42.8 46.6 40.4 41.0 51.4 44.1 41.5 47.1 42.9

49.1 41.6 46.5 37.8 33.2 40.4 36.2 42.6 38.1 46.2

57.2 50.4 52.8 49.3 39.4 43.8 42.8 48.8 45.2 50.7

53.2 45.3 49.9 42.4 36.1 42.1 39.1 45.4 41.1 48.4

47.8 40.2 44.2 37.3 41.8 34.1 44.2 36.8 47.1 40.7

54.2 48.8 49.8 47.6 46.3 40.3 51.3 43.5 53.6 46.1

50.9 43.8 47.6 41.2 43.7 46.9 47.8 39.3 50.5 42.0

Sohna
Night Day

Tauru
Night Day

Rahaka
Night Day

Kherala
Night Day

Firozepur Jhirka
Night

Page No. Ann(III)-14

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TABLE No. III-17

Season Location Sl. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. pH Temperature Electrical Conductivity Nitrogen (Available) Phosphorous (Av.) Potassium (Av.) Organic matter (Walkey & Black method) Microbial Activity (Evolution of Carbon dioxide) Grain size distribution Sand Silt & Clay Gravel Textural class Natural Moisture Content Field Capacity Wilting Coefficient Available water storage capacity Bulk Density Cation Exchange Capacity Infiltration Rate % % % % % % % gms/cc cm/hr cm/hr : : Parameter

SOIL QUALITY DATA

Summer Date: 25/05/2001 Agricultural soil between Damdama & Sohna (at Doula) (GS-1) Unit 0-14 C mhos/cm Kg/ha Kg/ha Kg/ha % CO2 evolved/sq.m. Depth, cm 0 15 7.82 29.3 85 981.6 3.05 24.5 4.65 1.25 15 30 7.88 29.0 86 996.0 3.15 25.2 4.45 1.28 30 60 7.67 29.6 85 1008 3.20 26.4 4.60 1.34

9. a. b. c. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.

78.0 19.5 2.5 Sandy loam 1.00 5.4 0.6 4.8 1.25 2.45 PROFILE

84.5 14.5 1.0 1.02 5.5 0.6 4.9 1.28 2.50 2.9

86.5 12.5 1.0 1.06 5.3 0.7 4.6 1.40 2.55 -

0 15 cm 15 30 cm Undisturbed sample 30-60 cm Sandy loam

Page No. Ann(III)-15

TABLE No. III-18

Season Location
Sl. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. a. b. c. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. pH Temperature Electrical Conductivity Nitrogen (Available) Phosphorous (Av.) Potassium (Av.) Organic matter (Walkey & Black method) Microbial Activity (Evolution of Carbon dioxide) Grain size distribution Sand Silt & Clay Gravel Textural class Natural Moisture Content Field Capacity Wilting Coefficient Available water storage capacity Bulk Density Cation Exchange Capacity Infiltration Rate

SOIL QUALITY DATA

: :

Summer Date: 25/05/2001 Barren land between Sohna & Tauru (GS-2)
Depth, cm 0 15 6.85 30.1 99 2736 1.40 120 3.65 1.18 15 30 6.80 29.9 101 2760 1.44 132 3.85 1.21 30 60 6.90 30.2 99 2770 1.48 130 3.90 1.25

Parameter

Unit 0-14 C mhos/cm Kg/ha Kg/ha Kg/ha % CO2 evolved/sq.m. % % % % % % % gms/cc cm/hr cm/hr

42.0 44.0 53.0 55.0 5.0 1.0 Sandy clay loam 1.00 4.5 0.5 4.0 0.96 1.36 0.90 4.3 0.6 3.7 0.95 1.32 2.6

40.0 59.0 1.0 0.90 4.8 0.6 4.2 0.97 1.34 -

PROFILE 0 15 cm 15 30 cm Undisturbed sample 30-60 cm Sandy clay loam

Page No. Ann(III)-16

Table No. III-19:Water Quality Report

Name of the District Date of Water Sampling Name of Water Sampling Locations Gurgaon 08.08.2001 1. Openwell water at Jarasi village 2. Bore-well water at Dhulawat Parameters expressed in mg/litre unless specified otherwise BDL Below detection Limit Parameters analysed as per IS:10500 standards

Sl No.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

Parameters
Colour, Hazen Unit, Max Odour Taste Turbidity, NTU, Max pH value Total Hardness Iron Chlorides Total Residual Chlorine Dissolved Solids Calcium Copper Manganese Sulphate Nitrate Fluoride Mercury Cadmium Selenium Arsenic Lead Zinc Hexavalent Chromium Boron Phenolic compounds Mineral Oil Alkalinity MPN/100 ml

Sampling Stations
1 1 2 2 Unobjectionable Agreeable 1 2 7.83 7.91 76 186 BDL BDL 42 78 BDL BDL 334 368 26 36 BDL BDL BDL BDL 20 36 0.26 1.20 0.10 0.39 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 42 56 2 Nil

BIS:10500 standards
5 Unobjectionable Agreeable 5 5.5-8.5 300 0.3 250 0.2 500 75 0.05 0.1 200 45 1 0.001 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.05 5 0.05 1 0.001 0.01 Nil

Remarks

Page No. Ann(III)-17

Table No. III-20: Water Quality Report

Name of the District Gurgaon Date of Water Sampling 08.08.2001 Name of Water Sampling Locations 1. Damdama Pond water Sl No. Parameters Sampling Stations BIS:2296 standards
1 Parameters expressedUnit, Max unless specified otherwise in mg/litre 5 1 Colour, Hazen BDL Below detection Limit 2 Odour Unobjectionable Parameters analysed as per IS:2296 Tasteless [Class-C] standards 3 Taste 4 Dissolved Oxygen 4.06 5 pH value 7.44 6 Total Hardness 92 7 Iron BDL 8 Chlorides 22 9 BOD 10 10 Dissolved Solids 250 11 Calcium 46.0 12 Copper BDL 13 Manganese BDL 14 Sulphate 48 15 Nitrate 2.4 16 Fluoride 0.14 17 Mercury BDL 18 Cadmium BDL 19 Selenium BDL 20 Arsenic BDL 21 Lead BDL 22 Zinc 0.6 23 Hexavalent Chromium BDL 24 Phenolic compounds BDL 25 Mineral Oil BDL 26 Alkalinity 70 300 $ $ 4 6.5-8.5 $ $ 600 3 1500 $ 1.5 $ 400 50 1.5 $ 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.1 15 0.05 0.005 0.01

Remarks

Class C tolerance limit is for surface water used for drinking water source with conventional treatment followed by disinfection $ - limits not specified

Page No. Ann(III)-18

TABLE No. III-21 NOISE LEVEL STATUS OF GURGAON DISTRICT (HARYANA)

Season Month

: :

Monsoon July 2001

Unit: dB(A) Leq Noise Level
Min. Max. Mean

Sl. No.

Location Name

Time

Peak Noise Level

Min. Max. Mean

Mean Noise Level

Min. Max. Mean

Day

43.2 40.1 42.1 36.3 38.4 31.4 40.3 35.9 44.3 36.3

51.2 46.3 48.2 45.3 41.3 38.9 46.3 43.2 50.1 44.9

48.9 41.9 45.6 39.6 39.8 34.0 33.3 38.4 47.2 40.5

48.3 42.6 43.6 36.9 40.3 32.1 41.2 37.3 46.3 38.9

56.3 53.2 51.3 48.3 45.3 41.3 50.3 44.3 52.6 47.9

53.1 46.0 48.5 41.4 42.8 36.6 46.4 40.4 50.1 42.3

47.8 41.2 45.2 36.3 39.3 33.1 41.3 35.9 45.3 40.1

55.1 49.6 49.2 46.3 42.1 40.1 47.0 42.2 48.3 45.3

51.1 44.6 47.4 39.9 40.9 35.9 44.1 38.8 46.9 41.5

Sohna
Night Day

Tauru
Night Day

Rahaka
Night Day

Kherala
Night Day

Firozepur Jhirka
Night

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TABLE No. III-22 NOISE LEVEL DATA OF GURGAON DISTRICT (HARYANA)

Location : Season : Dates of Monitoring :

Sohna (GN-1) Monsoon 24.07.2001 (1) & 28.07.2001 (2)

Unit: dB(A) Leq Noise Level (1) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Night Day 06-10 10-14 14-18 18-22 22-02 02-06 43.2 50.3 50.1 46.3 40.2 39.8 (2) 48.2 51.2 50.3 43.8 41.3 40.1 Peak Noise Level (1) 48.3 54.2 53.6 51.2 42.6 43.2 (2) 52.1 56.3 54.3 53.2 43.2 42.8 Mean Noise Level (1) 49.0 55.1 51.0 49.6 41.2 43.0 (2) 47.8 53.2 51.0 48.3 42.3 42.9

Sl. No.

Time (Hrs.)

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TABLE No. III-23 NOISE LEVEL DATA OF GURGAON DISTRICT (HARYANA)

Location : Season : Dates of Monitoring :

Tauru (GN-2) Monsoon 24.07.2001 (1) & 28.07.2001 (2) Unit: dB(A) Leq Noise Level (1) (2) 44.3 47.2 48.2 45.3 36.3 37.2 Peak Noise Level (1) 43.6 48.3 50.9 47.2 36.9 39.2 (2) 46.3 50.3 51.3 48.3 37.3 39.2 Mean Noise Level (1) 45.2 48.3 47.3 45.4 36.3 37.1 (2) 46.3 49.2 48.3 46.3 36.3 38.3

Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6

Time (Hrs.)

06-10 Day 10-14 14-18 18-22 Night 22-02 02-06

42.1 45.3 46.3 44.3 37.2 37.3

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TABLE No. III-24 NOISE LEVEL DATA OF GURGAON DISTRICT (HARYANA)

Location : Season : Dates of Monitoring :

Rahaka (GN-3) Monsoon 24.07.2001 (1) & 28.07.2001 (2) Unit: dB(A) Leq Noise Level (1) (2) 39.3 40.3 41.3 38.9 32.5 34.3 Peak Noise Level (1) 40.3 42.3 44.3 41.3 34.3 35.3 (2) 41.3 43.2 45.3 41.3 35.0 32.1 Mean Noise Level (1) 39.3 40.6 42.1 39.3 33.1 34.2 (2) 40.3 41.3 41.9 40.1 33.1 35.8

Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6

Time (Hrs.)

06-10 Day 10-14 14-18 18-22 Night 22-02 02-06

38.4 39.3 40.3 38.1 31.4 34.3

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TABLE No. III-25 NOISE LEVEL DATA OF GURGAON DISTRICT (HARAYANA)

Location : Season : Dates of Monitoring :

Kherala (GN-4) Monsoon 24.07.2001 (1) & 28.07.2001 (2) Unit: dB(A) Leq Noise Level (1) (2) 41.3 43.9 46.3 41.2 35.9 38.3 Peak Noise Level (1) 41.2 46.1 49.2 43.2 37.9 39.2 (2) 44.3 47.2 50.3 44.3 37.3 40.3 Mean Noise Level (1) 41.3 43.9 46.3 41.3 35.9 38.3 (2) 42.3 44.0 47.0 42.2 36.3 39.0

Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6

Time (Hrs.)

06-10 Day 10-14 14-18 18-22 Night 22-02 02-06

40.3 42.3 45.9 41.9 36.0 37.3

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TABLE No. III-26 NOISE LEVEL DATA OF GURGAON DISTRICT (HARYANA)

Location : Season : Dates of Monitoring :

Firozepur Jhirka (GN-5) Monsoon 24.07.2001 (1) & 28.07.2001 (2) Unit: dB(A) Leq Noise Level (1) (2) 46.3 49.1 50.1 44.9 39.0 41.3 Peak Noise Level (1) 46.3 51.3 51.3 46.3 38.9 39.3 (2) 48.3 50.8 52.6 47.9 39.3 42.3 Mean Noise Level (1) 47.2 48.3 47.3 40.1 40.1 41.3 (2) 45.3 48.3 45.3 45.3 40.1 42.3

Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6

Time (Hrs.)

06-10 Day 10-14 14-18 18-22 Night 22-02 02-06

44.3 46.3 47.2 43.3 37.9 36.3

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TABLE No. III-27

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF GURGAON DISTRICT Location Season Month Sl. No. 1 : : : Sohna (Near Tourist complex) (GA1) Post Monsoon Sept-Oct, 2001 Sampling Time (Hrs.) 06-14 17/18.09.2001 14-22 22-06 06-14 2 23/24.09.2001 14-22 22-06 06-14 3 29/30.09.2001 14-22 22-06 06-14 4 05/06.10.2001 14-22 22-06 Parameters SO2 11 13 8 10 12 7 12 14 18 13 15 9 NOx 12 15 8 13 16 9 14 17 10 14 16 11 CO <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 118 29 126 32 134 36 141 38 SPM RPM

Unit: g/m3

Sampling Date

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TABLE No. III-28

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF GURGAON DISTRICT

Location Season Month Sl. No. 1

: : :

Shikarpur (Near Tauru) (GA2) Post Monsoon Sept-Oct, 2001 Sampling Time (Hrs.) 06-14 14-22 22-06 06-14 Parameters SO2 12 14 9 11 13 8 10 14 9 10 12 7 NOx 14 16 11 12 14 9 12 15 10 11 14 8 CO <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5

Unit: g/m3

Sampling Date

SPM 147

RPM 43

17/18.09.2001

23/24.09.2001

14-22 22-06 06-14

139

41

29/30.09.2001

14-22 22-06 06-14

132

38

05/06.10.2001

14-22 22-06

124

32

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TABLE No. III-29

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF GURGAON DISTRICT
Location Season Month : : : Malab (Alwar Road) (GA3) Post Monsoon Sept-Oct, 2001

Unit: g/m3

Sl. No. 1

Sampling Date

Sampling Time (Hrs.) 06-14 14-22 22-06 06-14

Parameters SO2 12 14 8 11 13 9 10 12 8 10 17 7 NOx 14 16 10 12 14 10 11 13 9 11 12 8 CO <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 121 32 128 33 143 38 132 34 SPM RPM

18/19.09.2001

24/25.09.2001

14-22 22-06 06-14 14-22 22-06 06-14

30.09/01.10. 2001

06/07.10.2001

14-22 22-06

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TABLE No. III-30

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF GURGAON DISTRICT

Location Season Month

: : :

Bhondsi (GA4) Post Monsoon Sept-Oct, 2001

Unit: g/m3

Sl. No. 1

Sampling Date

Sampling Time (Hrs.) 06-14 14-22 22-06 06-14

Parameters SO2 13 15 10 12 14 9 13 16 9 11 13 8 NOx 15 17 11 14 16 10 15 17 10 13 15 9 CO <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 122 31 128 34 136 36 143 38 SPM RPM

17/18.09.2001

23/24.09.2001

14-22 22-06 06-14

29/30.09.2001

14-22 22-06 06-14

05/06.10.2001

14-22 22-06

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TABLE No. III-31

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF GURGAON DISTRICT

Location Season Month

: : :

Kherala (Near Damdama) (GA5) Post Monsoon Sept-Oct, 2001

Unit: g/m3

Sl. No. 1

Sampling Date

Sampling Time (Hrs.) 06-14 14-22 22-06 06-14

Parameters SO2 12 14 10 11 13 9 10 11 8 9 11 7 NOx 14 16 11 13 14 10 12 13 9 10 12 8 CO <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 127 35 138 37 152 43 146 41 SPM RPM

17/18.09.2001

23/24.09.2001

14-22 22-06 06-14

29/30.09.2001

14-22 22-06 06-14

05/06.10.2001

14-22 22-06

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TABLE No. III-32

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF GURGAON DISTRICT (HARYANA)

Location Season Month

: : :

Rahaka (Sohna-Ballabhgarh Road) (GA6) Post Monsoon Sept-October, 2001

Unit: g/m3

Sl. No. 1

Sampling Date

Sampling Time (Hrs.) 06-14 14-22 22-06 06-14

Parameters SO2 11 13 9 12 14 8 10 12 7 11 12 8 NOx 13 14 10 12 16 9 11 14 8 12 15 9 CO <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 102 26 95 24 118 28 126 32 SPM RPM

18/19.09.2001

24/25.09.2001

14-22 22-06 06-14

30.9/1.10.2001

14-22 22-06 06-14

06/07.10.2001

14-22 22-06

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TABLE No. III-33

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF GURGAON DISTRICT

Location Season Month

: : :

Firozepur Jhirka (GA7) Post Monsoon Sept-October, 2001

Unit: g/m3

Sl. No. 1

Sampling Date

Sampling Time (Hrs.) 06-14 14-22 22-06 06-14

Parameters SO2 16 19 11 14 17 10 13 15 9 12 14 8 NOx 18 20 13 16 19 11 14 18 10 13 16 9 CO <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 123 31 128 32 142 38 136 35 SPM RPM

18/19.09.2001

24/25.09.2001

14-22 22-06 06-14

30.9/1.10.2001

14-22 22-06 06-14

06/07.10.2001

14-22 22-06

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TABLE No. III-34

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF GURGAON DISTRICT

Location Season Month

: : :

Ghasera (Alwar Road) (GA8) Post Monsoon Sept-October, 2001 Sampling Time (Hrs.) Parameters SO2 NOx CO

Unit: g/m3

Sl No.

Sampling Date

SPM

RPM

06-14 1 18/19.09.2001 14-22 22-06 06-14 2 24/25.09.2001 14-22 22-06 06-14 3 30.9/1.10.2001 14-22 22-06 06-14 4 06/07.10.2001 14-22 22-06

13 16 10 12 15 9 10 13 8 9 12 7

14 18 11 13 17 10 11 15 9 10 14 8

<114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 138 38 134 37 147 41 156 43

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Table No. III-35: Water Quality Report

Name of the District Date of Water Sampling Name of Water Sampling Locations Gurgaon 09.10.2001 1. Openwell water at Jarasi village 2. Bore-well water at Dhulawat Parameters expressed in mg/litre unless specified otherwise BDL Below detection Limit Parameters analysed as per IS:10500 standards

Sl No.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

Parameters
Colour, Hazen Unit, Max Odour Taste Turbidity, NTU, Max pH value Total Hardness Iron Chlorides Total Residual Chlorine Dissolved Solids Calcium Copper Manganese Sulphate Nitrate Fluoride Mercury Cadmium Selenium Arsenic Lead Zinc Hexavalent Chromium Boron Phenolic compounds Mineral Oil Alkalinity MPN/100 ml

Sampling Stations
1 1 2 1 Unobjectionable Agreeable 2 1 7.48 7.24 78 168 BDL BDL 46 62 BDL BDL 300 294 11.6 32 BDL BDL BDL BDL 18 26 0.4 0.20 0.25 0.40 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 28 60 2 Nil

BIS:10500 standards
5 Unobjectionable Agreeable 5 5.5-8.5 300 0.3 250 0.2 500 75 0.05 0.1 200 45 1 0.001 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.05 5 0.05 1 0.001 0.01 Nil

Remarks

Page No. Ann(III)-33

Table No. III-36: Water Quality Report

Name of the District Gurgaon Date of Water Sampling 9.10.2001 Name of Water Sampling Locations 1. Damdama Pond water Sl No. Parameters Sampling Stations BIS:2296 standards
1 Parameters expressedUnit, Max unless specified otherwise 1 Colour, Hazen in mg/litre 3 BDL Below detection Limit 2 Odour Unobjectionable Parameters analysed as per IS:2296 Tasteless [Class-C] standards 3 Taste 4 Dissolved Oxygen 4.83 5 pH value 7.86 6 Total Hardness 64 7 Iron BDL 8 Chlorides 42 9 BOD 16 10 Dissolved Solids 288 11 Calcium 38.0 12 Copper BDL 13 Manganese BDL 14 Sulphate 32 15 Nitrate 2.4 16 Fluoride 0.35 17 Mercury BDL 18 Cadmium BDL 19 Selenium BDL 20 Arsenic BDL 21 Lead BDL 22 Zinc 0.5 23 Hexavalent Chromium BDL 24 Phenolic compounds BDL 25 Mineral Oil BDL 26 Alkalinity 76 300 $ $ 4 6.5-8.5 $ $ 600 3 1500 $ 1.5 $ 400 50 1.5 $ 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.1 15 0.05 0.005 0.01

Remarks

Class C tolerance limit is for surface water used for drinking water source with conventional treatment followed by disinfection $ - limits not specified

Page No. Ann(III)-34

TABLE No. III-37 NOISE LEVEL STATUS OF GURGAON DISTRICT (HARYANA)

Season Month

: :

Post Monsoon Sept-October, 2001

Unit: dB(A) Leq Noise Level
Min. Max. Mean

Sl. No.

Location Name

Time

Peak Noise Level

Min. Max. Mean

Mean Noise Level

Min. Max. Mean

Day

44.1 40.8 42.1 38.1 39.2 33.1 41.2 36.3 44.6 38.5

51.3 47.1 49.2 48.6 42.6 40.1 46.3 43.2 49.3 46.2

48.6 36.5 45.4 41.8 40.8 36.5 33.4 39.1 47.0 41.5

49.3 41.6 44.2 39.2 41.3 36.1 43.4 36.9 47.3 40.3

55.1 50.3 50.6 50.2 45.8 43.1 50.1 45.6 53.4 48.2

52.7 44.5 47.9 43.6 43.4 38.7 46.7 40.8 50.9 48.1

48.3 41.1 43.1 38.5 40.1 34.6 42.3 36.8 45.8 39.2

53.8 48.3 49.8 49.1 44.1 41.8 47.5 44.1 51.3 46.8

50.9 43.5 46.1 42.6 42.1 37.5 44.9 39.8 48.7 42.1

Sohna
Night Day

Tauru
Night Day

Rahaka
Night Day

Kherala
Night Day

Firozepur Jhirka
Night

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TABLE No. III-38 NOISE LEVEL DATA OF GURGAON DISTRICT (HARYANA)

Location : Season : Dates of Monitoring :

Sohna (GN-1) Post Monsoon 23/24.09.2001 (1) & 05/06.10.2001 (2)

Unit: dB(A) Leq Noise Level (1) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Night Day 06-10 10-14 14-18 18-22 22-02 02-06 44.1 51.3 49.6 47.1 40.8 41.1 (2) 47.6 50.8 48.2 45.6 40.6 40.7 Peak Noise Level (1) 49.3 55.1 53.2 50.3 42.3 42.3 (2) 51.6 54.2 52.6 48.7 41.8 41.6 Mean Noise Level (1) 48.3 53.8 51.2 48.3 41.7 41.8 (2) 49.1 52.6 50.3 46.9 41.1 41.2

Sl. No.

Time (Hrs.)

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TABLE No. III-39 NOISE LEVEL DATA OF GURGAON DISTRICT (HARYANA)

Location : Season : Dates of Monitoring :

Tauru (GN-2) Post Monsoon 23/24.09.2001 (1) & 05/06.10.2001 (2) Unit: dB(A) Leq Noise Level (1) (2) 43.5 46.1 49.2 48.6 38.6 40.1 Peak Noise Level (1) 44.2 45.1 49.6 49.3 39.2 41.2 (2) 45.3 47.3 50.6 50.2 40.1 41.8 Mean Noise Level (1) 43.1 45.9 48.2 47.9 38.5 40.2 (2) 44.3 45.3 49.8 49.1 39.2 40.6

Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6

Time (Hrs.)

06-10 Day 10-14 14-18 18-22 Night 22-02 02-06

42.1 44.2 47.5 46.1 38.1 39.6

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TABLE No. III-40 NOISE LEVEL DATA OF GURGAON DISTRICT (HARYANA)

Location : Season : Dates of Monitoring :

Rahaka (GN-3) Post Monsoon 24/25.09.2001 (1) & 06/07.10.2001 (2) Unit: dB(A) Leq Noise Level (1) (2) 40.1 41.5 42.6 40.1 34.5 36.5 Peak Noise Level (1) 41.3 42.6 44.2 42.3 36.1 36.8 (2) 42.5 44.3 45.8 43.1 36.8 38.1 Mean Noise Level (1) 40.1 41.5 42.8 40.6 34.6 35.9 (2) 41.3 42.8 44.1 41.8 35.2 37.2

Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6

Time (Hrs.)

06-10 Day 10-14 14-18 18-22 Night 22-02 02-06

39.2 40.2 41.3 39.3 33.1 35.6

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TABLE No. III-41 NOISE LEVEL DATA OF GURGAON DISTRICT (HARAYANA)

Location : Season : Dates of Monitoring :

Kherala (GN-4) Post Monsoon 23/24.09.2001 (1) & 05/06.10.2001 (2) Unit: dB(A) Leq Noise Level (1) (2) 41.9 42.3 45.4 42.3 36.3 37.4 Peak Noise Level (1) 43.4 47.2 50.1 45.6 38.4 39.6 (2) 45.3 45.9 48.6 44.7 37.9 38.7 Mean Noise Level (1) 42.3 45.1 47.5 44.1 37.8 38.8 (2) 43.1 44.2 47.4 43.2 36.8 37.9

Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6

Time (Hrs.)

06-10 Day 10-14 14-18 18-22 Night 22-02 02-06

41.2 43.4 46.3 43.2 37.1 38.3

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TABLE No. III-42 NOISE LEVEL DATA OF GURGAON DISTRICT (HARYANA)

Location : Season : Dates of Monitoring :

Firozepur Jhirka (GN-5) Post Monsoon 24/25.09.2001 (1) & 06/07.10.2001 (2)

Unit: dB(A) Leq Noise Level (1) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Night Day 06-10 10-14 14-18 18-22 22-02 02-06 45.2 47.5 48.2 45.1 38.5 39.2 (2) 44.6 47.2 49.3 46.2 39.6 40.6 Peak Noise Level (1) 48.6 52.1 52.6 47.6 40.1 40.3 (2) 47.3 51.6 53.4 48.2 40.8 41.8 Mean Noise Level (1) 46.9 49.6 49.8 45.9 39.2 39.6 (2) 45.8 48.9 51.3 46.8 40.2 41.2

Sl. No.

Time (Hrs.)

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TABLE No. III-43

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF GURGAON DISTRICT (HARYANA)

Location Season Month

: : :

Sohna (Near Tourist complex) (GA1) Winter Dec.2001-Jan.2002

Unit: g/m3 Sl. No. Sampling Date Sampling Time (Hrs.) 06-14 1 18/19.12.2001 14-22 22-06 06-14 2 29/30.12.2001 14-22 22-06 06-14 3 02/03.01.2002 14-22 22-06 06-14 4 13/14.01.2002 14-22 22-06 Parameters SO2 13 13 9 11 13 9 14 16 9 16 16 10 NOx 15 20 11 15 18 13 16 19 13 18 20 16 CO <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 108 23 110 29 120 34 112 36 SPM RPM

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TABLE No. III-44

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF GURGAON DISTRICT (HARYANA)

Location Season Month

: : :

Shikarpur (Near Tauru) (GA2) Winter Dec.2001-Jan.2002 Unit: g/m3

Sl. No.

Sampling Date

Sampling Time (Hrs.) 06-14 14-22 22-06 06-14

Parameters SO2 13 15 13 12 16 13 10 9 8 9 8 6 NOx 12 11 10 9 8 9 10 12 11 10 9 7 CO <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 95 20 115 30 120 33 125 37 SPM RPM

18/19.12.2001

29/30.12.2001

14-22 22-06 06-14

02/03.01.2002

14-22 22-06 06-14

13/14.01.2002

14-22 22-06

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TABLE No. III-45

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF GURGAON DISTRICT (HARYANA)

Location Season Month

: : :

Indri Rewason zone (GA9) Winter Dec.2001-Jan.2002 Unit: g/m3

Sl. No.

Sampling Date

Sampling Time (Hrs.) 06-14 14-22 22-06 06-14

Parameters SO2 13 15 9 13 15 12 13 15 10 9 12 10 NOx 20 19 21 15 21 16 20 24 21 20 19 20 CO <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 165 49 180 55 195 60 180 65 SPM RPM

18/19.12.2001

29/30.12.2001

14-22 22-06 06-14

02/03.01.2002

14-22 22-06 06-14

13/14.01.2002

14-22 22-06

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TABLE No. III-46

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF GURGAON DISTRICT (HARYANA)

Location Season Month

: : :

Bhondsi (GA4) Winter Dec.2001-Jan.2002 Unit: g/m3

Sl. No.

Sampling Date

Sampling Time (Hrs.) 06-14 14-22 22-06 06-14

Parameters SO2 12 11 10 10 12 10 13 12 11 13 10 9 NOx 16 18 16 16 18 13 17 18 11 15 13 10 CO <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 112 29 106 30 125 29 153 35 SPM RPM

18/19.12.2001

29/30.12.2001

14-22 22-06 06-14

02/03.01.2002

14-22 22-06 06-14

13/14.01.2002

14-22 22-06

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TABLE No. III-47

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF GURGAON DISTRICT (HARYANA)

Location Season Month

: : :

Kherala (Near Damdama) (GA5) Winter Dec.2001-Jan.2002 Unit: g/m3

Sl. No.

Sampling Date

Sampling Time (Hrs.) 06-14 14-22 22-06 06-14

Parameters SO2 10 9 10 9 9 10 9 10 8 8 8 7 NOx 14 13 13 16 15 13 12 14 13 12 13 9 CO <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 125 30 132 30 120 33 132 39 SPM RPM

20/21.12.2001

30/31.12.2001

14-22 22-06 06-14

03/04.01.2002

14-22 22-06 06-14

14/15.01.2002

14-22 22-06

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TABLE No. III-48

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF GURGAON DISTRICT (HARYANA)

Location Season Month

: : :

Rahaka (Sohna-Ballabhgarh Road) (GA6) Winter Dec.2001-Jan.2002 Unit: g/m3

Sl. No.

Sampling Date

Sampling Time (Hrs.) 06-14 14-22 22-06 06-14

Parameters SO2 12 13 10 11 13 10 9 10 8 10 11 9 NOx 7 8 9 12 12 10 10 13 10 13 16 13 CO <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 90 21 90 23 103 23 95 20 SPM RPM

20/21.12.2001

30/31.12.2001

14-22 22-06 06-14

03/04.01.2002

14-22 22-06 06-14

14/15.01.2002

14-22 22-06

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TABLE No. III-49

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF GURGAON DISTRICT (HARYANA)

Location Season Month

: : :

Firozepur Jhirka (GA7) Winter Dec.2001-Jan.2002 Unit: g/m3

Sl. No.

Sampling Date

Sampling Time (Hrs.) 06-14 14-22 22-06 06-14

Parameters SO2 14 16 16 16 17 13 14 13 11 12 13 12 NOx 21 19 12 13 16 16 19 22 15 17 18 16 CO <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 125 33 155 43 160 41 155 42 SPM RPM

20/21.12.2001

30/31.12.2001

14-22 22-06 06-14

03/04.01.2002

14-22 22-06 06-14

14/15.01.2002

14-22 22-06

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TABLE No. III-50

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF GURGAON DISTRICT (HARYANA)

Location Season Month

: : :

Ghasera (Alwar Road) (GA8) Winter Dec.2001-Jan.2002 Unit: g/m3

Sl. No.

Sampling Date

Sampling Time (Hrs.) 06-14 14-22 22-06 06-14

Parameters SO2 11 12 9 13 12 11 10 9 8 11 12 10 NOx 15 18 12 13 16 13 15 13 13 15 16 13 CO <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 <114.5 110 28 133 33 127 29 133 30 SPM RPM

20/21.12.2001

30/31.12.2001

14-22 22-06 06-14

03/04.01.2002

14-22 22-06 06-14

14/15.01.2002

14-22 22-06

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Table No. III-51:Water Quality Report

Name of the District Date of Water Sampling Name of Water Sampling Locations Gurgaon 27.12.2001 1. Openwell water at Jarasi village 2. Bore-well water at Dhulawat Parameters expressed in mg/litre unless specified otherwise BDL Below detection Limit Parameters analysed as per IS:10500 standards

Sl No.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

Parameters
Colour, Hazen Unit, Max Odour Taste Turbidity, NTU, Max pH value Total Hardness Iron Chlorides Total Residual Chlorine Dissolved Solids Calcium Copper Manganese Sulphate Nitrate Fluoride Mercury Cadmium Selenium Arsenic Lead Zinc Hexavalent Chromium Boron Phenolic compounds Mineral Oil Alkalinity MPN/100 ml

Sampling Stations
1 1 2 1 Unobjectionable Agreeable 2 1 7.56 7.60 62 142 BDL BDL 36 82 BDL BDL 224 382 16.8 52 BDL BDL BDL BDL 28 32 0.4 0.60 0.20 0.10 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 36 70 2 Nil

BIS:10500 standards
5 Unobjectionable Agreeable 5 5.5-8.5 300 0.3 250 0.2 500 75 0.05 0.1 200 45 1 0.001 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.05 5 0.05 1 0.001 0.01 Nil

Remarks

Page No. Ann(III)-49

Table No. III-52: Water Quality Report

Name of the District Gurgaon Date of Water Sampling 27.12.2001 Name of Water Sampling Locations 1. Damdama Pond water Sl No. Parameters Sampling Stations BIS:2296 standards
1 Parameters expressedUnit, Max unless specified otherwise 1 Colour, Hazen in mg/litre 2 BDL Below detection Limit 2 Odour Unobjectionable Parameters analysed as per IS:2296 Tasteless [Class-C] standards 3 Taste 4 Dissolved Oxygen 4.60 5 pH value 7.40 6 Total Hardness 52 7 Iron BDL 8 Chlorides 32 9 BOD 16 10 Dissolved Solids 248 11 Calcium 26.0 12 Copper BDL 13 Manganese BDL 14 Sulphate 24 15 Nitrate 1.80 16 Fluoride 0.22 17 Mercury BDL 18 Cadmium BDL 19 Selenium BDL 20 Arsenic BDL 21 Lead BDL 22 Zinc 0.1 23 Hexavalent Chromium BDL 24 Phenolic compounds BDL 25 Mineral Oil BDL 26 Alkalinity 52 300 $ $ 4 6.5-8.5 $ $ 600 3 1500 $ 1.5 $ 400 50 1.5 $ 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.1 15 0.05 0.005 0.01

Remarks

Class C tolerance limit is for surface water used for drinking water source with conventional treatment followed by disinfection $ - limits not specified

Page No. Ann(III)-50

TABLE No. III-53 NOISE LEVEL STATUS OF GURGAON DISTRICT (HARYANA)

Season Month

: :

Winter Dec.2001 - Jan. 2002

Unit: dB(A) Leq Noise Level
Min. Max. Mean

Sl. No.

Location Name

Time

Peak Noise Level

Min. Max. Mean

Mean Noise Level

Min. Max. Mean

Day

45.3 39.3 43.1 36.3 40.1 31.3 42.3 36.3 43.1 39.3

49.3 46.1 52.1 47.2 42.6 42.3 46.1 45.1 47.8 46.1

47.5 42.1 47.4 40.3 41.5 36.3 44.5 39.1 45.9 41.0

50.1 42.3 48.3 39.3 43.1 35.1 45.0 38.9 46.1 41.3

53.1 49.3 56.3 51.3 46.3 44.3 50.1 48.3 51.3 48.3

51.3 45.2 51.5 44.1 44.4 38.7 47.2 42.9 48.9 43.5

47.3 40.1 46.3 37.3 41.3 33.3 43.5 37.3 45.3 40.1

51.9 47.3 54.1 49.1 43.5 42.9 48.3 47.1 48.9 47.1

49.4 43.2 49.5 41.8 42.6 37.6 45.9 41.2 47.7 42.0

Sohna
Night Day

Tauru
Night Day

Rahaka
Night Day

Kherala
Night Day

Firozepur Jhirka
Night

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TABLE No. III-54 NOISE LEVEL DATA OF GURGAON DISTRICT (HARYANA)

Location : Season : Dates of Monitoring :

Sohna (GN-1) Winter 29/30.12.2001 (1) & 03/04.01.2002 (2) Unit: dB(A) Leq Noise Level (1) (2) 46.3 49.3 47.2 44.3 40.1 40.3 Peak Noise Level (1) 50.1 52.3 51.3 49.3 43.1 44.5 (2) 51.2 53.1 50.3 48.9 42.3 43.1 Mean Noise Level (1) 47.3 50.1 49.3 47.3 40.1 43.1 (2) 48.9 51.9 48.9 46.3 41.3 41.2

Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6

Time (Hrs.)

06-10 Day 10-14 14-18 18-22 Night 22-02 02-06

45.3 48.3 48.3 46.1 39.3 42.3

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TABLE No. III-55 NOISE LEVEL DATA OF GURGAON DISTRICT (HARYANA)

Location : Season : Dates of Monitoring :

Tauru (GN-2) Winter 29/30.12.2001 (1) & 03/04.01.2002 (2)

Unit: dB(A) Leq Noise Level (1) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Night Day 06-10 10-14 14-18 18-22 22-02 02-06 43.1 45.1 46.3 47.2 39.3 36.9 (2) 46.5 52.1 51.3 43.9 36.3 38.1 Peak Noise Level (1) 49.3 48.3 51.3 51.3 42.3 39.3 (2) 48.3 56.3 55.3 48.3 41.3 42.3 Mean Noise Level (1) 46.3 47.1 49.3 49.1 40.1 37.3 (2) 47.3 54.1 53.1 46.1 38.3 40.1

Sl. No.

Time (Hrs.)

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TABLE No. III-56 NOISE LEVEL DATA OF GURGAON DISTRICT (HARYANA)

Location : Season : Dates of Monitoring :

Rahaka (GN-3) Winter 29/30.12.2001 (1) & 03/04.01.2002 (2)

Unit: dB(A) Leq Noise Level (1) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Night Day 06-10 10-14 14-18 18-22 22-02 02-06 40.1 41.3 41.6 42.3 36.3 31.3 (2) 41.3 42.3 42.6 41.3 33.1 33.5 Peak Noise Level (1) 43.1 43.5 46.3 43.3 39.1 35.3 (2) 43.5 45.1 45.3 44.3 35.3 35.1 Mean Noise Level (1) 41.3 42.1 43.5 42.9 38.3 33.3 (2) 42.3 43.1 43.1 41.9 35.3 34.3

Sl. No.

Time (Hrs.)

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TABLE No. III-57 NOISE LEVEL DATA OF GURGAON DISTRICT (HARAYANA)

Location : Season : Dates of Monitoring :

Kherala (GN-4) Winter 29/30.12.2001 (1) & 03/04.01.2002 (2)

Unit: dB(A) Leq Noise Level (1) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Night Day 06-10 10-14 14-18 18-22 22-02 02-06 43.2 45.1 46.1 45.1 38.9 39.3 (2) 42.3 43.9 45.9 41.3 36.3 40.1 Peak Noise Level (1) 46.3 49.3 50.1 48.3 43.3 42.1 (2) 45.0 45.1 47.3 43.3 38.9 41.3 Mean Noise Level (1) 45.3 47.1 48.3 47.1 40.1 40.1 (2) 43.5 44.3 46.9 42.3 37.3 40.8

Sl. No.

Time (Hrs.)

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TABLE No. III-58 NOISE LEVEL DATA OF GURGAON DISTRICT (HARYANA)

Location : Season : Dates of Monitoring :

Firozepur Jhirka (GN-5) Winter 29/30.12.2001 (1) & 03/04.01.2002 (2)

Unit: dB(A) Leq Noise Level (1) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Night Day 06-10 10-14 14-18 18-22 22-02 02-06 46.1 46.3 47.8 46.1 39.3 41.3 (2) 43.1 46.3 45.9 40.1 40.2 39.3 Peak Noise Level (1) 49.3 51.3 49.3 48.3 41.3 43.1 (2) 46.1 49.3 48.3 43.1 42.3 43.2 Mean Noise Level (1) 48.3 48.9 48.3 47.1 40.1 41.9 (2) 45.3 48.3 47.3 41.2 41.3 40.3

Sl. No.

Time (Hrs.)

Page No. Ann(III)-56

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TABLE No. III-59

Season Location Sl. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. a. b. c. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. PH Temperature Electrical Conductivity Nitrogen (Available) Phosphorous (Av.) Potassium (Av.) Organic matter (Walkey & Black method) Microbial Activity (Evolution of Carbon dioxide) Grain size distribution Sand Silt & Clay Gravel Textural class Natural Moisture Content Field Capacity Wilting Coefficient Available water storage capacity Bulk Density Cation Exchange Capacity Infiltration Rate : :

SOIL QUALITY DATA

Winter Date: 11.01.2002 Agricultural soil between Damdama & Sohna (at Doula) (GS-1) Parameter Unit 0-14 C mhos/cm Kg/ha Kg/ha Kg/ha % CO2 evolved/sq. m. % % % % % % % gms/cc cm/hr cm/hr Depth, cm 0 15 7.12 24.3 66 981 4.0 30 3.95 1.10 15 30 30 60 7.31 24.0 69 996 4.15 26 3.85 1.12 7.12 24.2 70 1008 4.20 29 4.0 1.30

80 85 18 14 2 1 Sandy loam 0.90 5.6 0.50 5.1 1.20 2.30 0.92 5.7 0.50 5.2 1.23 2.35 1.9

86 13 1 0.96 5.8 0.60 5.3 1.30 2.40 -

PROFILE 0 15 cm 15 30 cm Undisturbed sample 30-60 cm Sandy loam

Page No. Ann(III)-57

TABLE No. III-60

Season Location
Sl. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. a. b. c. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. PH Temperature Electrical Conductivity Nitrogen (Available) Phosphorous (Av.) Potassium (Av.) Organic matter (Walkey & Black method) Microbial Activity (Evolution of Carbon dioxide) Grain size distribution Sand Silt & Clay Gravel Textural class Natural Moisture Content Field Capacity Wilting Coefficient Available water storage capacity Bulk Density Cation Exchange Capacity Infiltration Rate

SOIL QUALITY DATA

: :

Winter Date: 11.01.2002 Barren land between Sohna & Tauru (GS-2)
Unit 0-14 C mhos/cm Kg/ha Kg/ha Kg/ha % CO2 evolved/sq.m. % % % % % % % gms/cc cm/hr cm/hr PROFILE Depth, cm 0 15 6.35 25.3 96 2700 1.20 130 2.95 1.20 15 30 6.40 25.0 98 2730 1.30 140 3.15 1.20 30 60 6.50 24.8 101 2720 1.33 135 3.25 1.25

Parameter

43 54 3 1.0 4.5 0.6 4 1.00 1.40 -

45 53.5 1.5 0.90 4.6 0.6 3.9 1.11 1.42 2.5

41 58 1 0.90 4.7 0.6 4.1 1.12 1.43 -

Sandy clay loam

0 15 cm 15 30 cm Undisturbed sample 30-60 cm Sandy clay loam

Page No. Ann(III)-58

Page No. Ann(III)-59

Annexure-IV
Delegation of Powers to State Government
The Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India vide its Gazette Notification No. S.O. 1189 (E) dated November 29th, 1999, delegated the power conferred on it to take measures for protecting and improving the quality of the environment and preventing, controlling and abating environmental pollution also to the State Governments as notified in the notification of the Government of India in the Ministry of Environment & Forests S.O. No. 319 (E) dated 7th May, 1992 subject to the following conditions: i. The State Governments concerned, namely, Haryana & Rajasthan shall constitute an Expert Committee for each state as per the compositions given in the Schedule-I of this notification which is as under: Composition of the Expert Committee 1. Secretary, Department of Environment of the concerned State Government 2. Head of the Regional Office, Indian Bureau of Mines 3. Representative of Town & Country Planning Department of the concerned State Government 4. Representative of Sariska Tiger Reserve (for Rajasthan)/ District Forest Officer concerned (for Haryana) 5. One Expert on mining who is a qualified Mining Engineer 6. One expert on industry 7. One representative each from two non-governmental organisations nominated by Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India 8. Member Secretary of the State Pollution Control Board of the State 9. Representative of the Department of Environment of the concerned State Government Chairman Member Member Member Member Member Member

Member Member Secretary

ii.

Each State Government shall also constitute a Monitoring Committee, under the Chairmanship of the District Collector concerned (Gurgaon in Haryana & Alwar in Rajasthan) which shall inter-alia monitor the compliance of the conditions stipulated while according environmental clearance by such State Governments and report to each State Government about the violations, if any, and the action taken thereon. The composition of the Monitoring Committe is as under: Composition of the Monitoring Committee 1. District Collector of Gurgaon/Alwar 2. Representative of the Pollution Control Board of the concerned State 3. Representative of Sariska Tiger Reserve (for Rajasthan)/ District Forest Officer concerned (for Haryana) 4. Represetative of the Regional Office of Indian Bureau of Mines 5. Representative of a non-governmental organisation to be nominated by the respective State Government 6. Representative of Town & Country Planning Department of the concerned State Chairman Member Member Member Member Member

Page No. Ann(IV)-1

The State Government concerned shall initiate steps to prepare a Master Plan for the development of the area covered by the Aravali Notification integrating environmental concerns and keeping in view the future land use of the area. This Master Plan shall be prepared by the concerned state agency, approved by the competent authority and finally published, within two years from the date of issue of this notification, in accordance with the procedures laid down in the Town & Country Planning Act or any other similar Act of the respective State Government. The State Government concerned shall implement the Master Plan forthwith after its final publication. iv. Any person desirous of undertaking any of the activities mentioned in the Aravali Notification, 1992 shall submit an application to the Secretary, Department of Environment of Government of Haryana/Rajasthan, as the case may be. The applicant shall also furnish environmental impact statement and an environmental management plan and such other information as may be prescribed by such State Governments. The application after due scrutiny shall be placed before the Expert Committee for its recommendations. Based on the recommendations of the Expert Committee, the Department of Environment in the State Government concerned shall take a final decision and convey the same to the applicant within three months from the date of receipt of application or when further information has been asked for from the applicant within three months from the date of receipt of such information. The Ministry of Environment & Forests retains appellate power against rejection of any proposal and the National Environmental Appellate Authority constituted under the National Environmental Appellate Authority Act, 1997 (22 of 1997) shall continue as an Appellate Authority against approval. In view of this notification, the Expert Committee & Monitoring Committee both have been constituted by the Haryana State Government.

iii.

Page No. Ann(IV)-2

REFERENCES

1.

Economic and Social Development Needs in the Mineral Sector: Small Scale Mining Activities in Developing Countries and Economies in Transition, Economic & Social Council, United Nations, 29th December, 1993 Final Report on Economic Potential & Possibilities for Aravali Project for the district of Gurgaon & Rewari in Haryana, Forest Department, Government of Haryana Joint Management of Common Lands : The Aravali Experience, Aravali Project, Forest Department, Government of Haryana, 1994 Rehabilitation of Common Lands in the Aravali Hills, Haryana : Seven Years Experience of the Aravali Project ; A Management Persepective, Aravali Project, Haryana Forest Department in partership with European Commission, 1997 Fuelwood Crisis in the Aravalis : Need for Protection and Conservation, Aravali Project, 1995 Dictionary of Useful Plants of the Aravalis and Its Environs ; J.P.L. Srivastava, J.F. Redhead and R.N. Kaul, Aravali Project, Forest Department, Government of Haryana Watershed Management; V.V. Dhruva Narayana, G. Shastry, U.S. Patnaik, ICAR, New Delhi Ground Resource Potential of Gurgaon District; Central Ground Water Board (Northern Region), Chandigarh Salinity Hazards in Southern Parts of Gurgaon District, Haryana; H.S. Saini & S.A.I. Mujtaba, Geological Survey of India, Faridabad; Symposium of Earth Sciences in Environmental Assessment and Management, Lucknow, 9-11 April, 1996 Notification No. S.O. 76/C.A.29/1986/S.23/2000 dated 20th June, 2000 from Environment Department, Government of Haryana, Regarding Constitution of Expert Committee & Monitoring Committee Sacred Water and Sanctified Vegetation: Tanks & Trees in India; D.N.Pandey, Paper presented at the Conference of the International Association for the Study of Common Property (IASCP) in the Panel Constituting the Riparian Commons (Bloomington, Indiana, USA, 31st May- 4th June, 2000) Ethnoforestry: Local Knowledge for Sustainable Forestry and Livelihood Security, Himanshu, New Delhi

2.

3. 4.

5. 6.

7. 8. 9.

10.

11.

12.

Page No. R-1

13.

Notification No. S.O. 126/C.A.29/86/S 5&7/97 dated 18th December, 1997; Siting Criteria for Stone Crushers, Emission Norms and Pollution Control Measures Requirement, Government of Haryana, Department of Environment Notification No. S.O. 150/C.A.29/1986/S. 5&7/1998 dated 30th October, 1998; Amendment in Notification No. S.O. 126/C.A.29/86/S 5&7/97 dated 18th December, 1997, Environment Department, Government of Haryana Notification No. S.O. 103/C.A.29/1986/S.5&7/2001 dated 31st July, 2001, Norms for Siting of Hot Mix Plants; Environment Department, Government of Haryana Rehabilitation of Common Lands in the Aravali Hills, Haryana by Dr Milind S. Bokil, Rural Society Consultant, 1996, Fountain Renewable Resources Limited, UK Notification No. S.O. 1189 (E) dated 29th November, 1999; Delegation of Powers Under Aravali Notification, Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India Statistical Report of Haryana State published by Government of Haryana Provisional Census Report, 2001 of Government of Haryana Mining Data of Gurgaon District, Department of Mines & Geology, Gurgaon District

14.

15.

16.

17.

18. 19. 20.

Page No. R-2