Halaman 34

Panduan Praktekum Administrasi Server

WEB SERVER DENGAN DEBIAN ETCH 4.0

Rumus menghitung subneting

IP ADDRESS : 192.168.1.1/28 (lihat pada tabel subneting 255.255.255.240)

256-240= 16 Blok kelipatan 0,16,32,64, Ip Pertama : 192.168.1.1 NAMA DOMAIN : smkbs.sch.id Ip Terakhir : 192.168.1.14 Broadcast : 192.168.1.15

Studi Kasus www.smkbs.sch.id alamatnya 192.168.1.1/28 tkj.smkbs.sch.id alamatnya 192.168.1.2/28

Aplikasi yang harus konfigurasi :

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Setting Network DHCP DNS Apache2 PHP Virtualhost

A. Setting Network
Langkah setting network

1. pilih desktop, pilih administration, klik networking 2. pilh nic yang aktif, klik propertis
masukan : IP addres 192.168.1.1 subnetmask 255.255.255.240 Getway 192.168.1.1

isikan pada menu general hostname : smkbs domain name : smkbs.sch.id Isikan pada DNS server : 192.168.1.1 isikan pada search domain : smkbs.sch.id setelah selesai klik ok a

tau konfigurasi pada direktori /etc/network/interfaces

# pico /etc/network/interfaces
# The primary network interface allow-hotplug eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.240 network 192.168.1.0 broadcast 192.168.1.15 gateway 192.168.1.1 # dns-* options are implemented by the resolvconf package, if installed dns-nameservers 192.168.1.1 dns-search smkbs.sch.id untuk keluar dan save tekan tombol ctrl+x >y (yes)

lakukan pengecekan IP Address dengan perintah ifconfig

:
debian:~# ifconfig

eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:BF:5E:19:C9 inet addr:192.168.1.1 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::250:bfff:fe5e:19c9/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:902 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:2081 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:116241 (113.5 KiB) TX bytes:141221 (137.9 KiB) Interrupt:5 Base address:0xa800

eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:A0:00:02:FE:AA UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b) Interrupt:11 Base address:0xac00

lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0

inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:1105 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1105 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:97805 (95.5 KiB) TX bytes:97805 (95.5 KiB)

Konfigurasi hosts

smkbs:/etc/bind# pico /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1 localhost smkbs.sch.id 192.168.1.1 smkbs.sch.id smkbs.sch.id

# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts ::1 ip6-localhost ip6-loopback fe00::0 ip6-localnet ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix ff02::1 ip6-allnodes ff02::2 ip6-allrouters ff02::3 ip6-allhosts

Konfigurasi resolv.conf smkbs:/etc/bind# pico /etc/resolv.conf

search smkbs.sch.id domain smkbs.sch.id nameserver 192.168.1.1

Lakukan Pengecekan dengan ping

smkbs:/home/smk# ping smkbs.sch.id

PING localhost (127.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from localhost (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.209 ms 64 bytes from localhost (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.163 ms 64 bytes from localhost (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.168 ms

Jika berhasil maka akan muncul seperti diatas jika gagal cek pada hosts dan resolv.conf

B. DHCP

Langkah langkah Instalasi DHCP

smkbs:/home/smk# apt-get install dhcp3-server

Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done The following NEW packages will be installed: dhcp3-server 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 0B/292kB of archives. After unpacking 836kB of additional disk space will be used. Preconfiguring packages ... Selecting previously deselected package dhcp3-server. (Reading database ... 72002 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking dhcp3-server (from .../dhcp3-server_3.0.4-13_i386.deb) ... Setting up dhcp3-server (3.0.4-13) ... Generating /etc/default/dhcp3-server... Starting DHCP server: dhcpd3 failed to start - check syslog for diagnostics. invoke-rc.d: initscript dhcp3-server, action "start" failed.

Langkah konfigurasi DHCP

1. backup terlebih dahulu file dhcpd.conf pada /etc/dhcp3

debian:~#cp /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf_orig

2. edit dan ketikan pada dhcpd.conf ( gunakan perintah pico utk mengedit teks)

contoh : debian:~# cd /etc/dhcp3

debian:/etc/dhcp3# pico dhcpd.conf # A slightly different configuration for an internal subnet. #subnet 10.5.5.0 netmask 255.255.255.224 { # range 10.5.5.26 10.5.5.30; # option domain-name-servers ns1.internal.example.org; # option domain-name "internal.example.org"; # option routers 10.5.5.1; # option broadcast-address 10.5.5.31; # default-lease-time 600; # max-lease-time 7200; #}

Lakukan pengeditan teks pada dhcpd.conf

hapus tanda ( #) dan tuliskan konfigurasinya menjadi : # A slightly different configuration for an internal subnet. subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.240 { range 192.168.1.5 192.168.1.14; option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.1; option domain-name "smkbs.sch.id"; option routers 192.168.1.1; option broadcast-address 192.168.1.15;

default-lease-time 600; max-lease-time 7200;

3. Tekan Ctrl x dan jawab yes untuk menyimpan teks dan keluar

4. lakukan perintah /etc/init.d/dhcp3-server restart

debian:/etc/dhcp3# /etc/init.d/dhcp3-server restart

Stopping DHCP server: dhcpd3. Starting DHCP server: dhcpd3 failed to start - check syslog for diagnostics.

5. ketikan /etc/dhcp3# netstat -uap

( untuk melihat aktivitas DHCP)

debian:/etc/dhcp3# netstat -uap

Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name udp 0 0 *:32768 *:* 2270/named udp 0 0 *:nfs *:* udp 0 0 *:32770 *:* 2284/lwresd udp 0 0 *:32772 *:* 2638/avahi-daemon:

udp 0 0 *:32773 *:* udp 0 0 *:32774 *:* 2850/rpc.statd udp 0 0 debian.com:netbios-ns *:* 2778/nmbd udp 0 0 *:netbios-ns *:* 2778/nmbd udp 0 0 *:906 *:* 2850/rpc.statd udp 0 0 debian.com:netbios-dgm *:* 2778/nmbd udp 0 0 *:netbios-dgm *:* 2778/nmbd udp 0 0 localhost.localdoma:921 *:* 2284/lwresd udp 0 0 *:817 *:* 2761/rpc.mountd udp 0 0 debian.com:domain *:* 2270/named udp 0 0 localhost.locald:domain *:* 2270/named udp 0 0 *:mdns *:* 2638/avahi-daemon: udp 0 0 *:sunrpc *:* 2017/portmap udp 0 0 *:ipp *:* 2563/cupsd udp6 0 0 *:32769 *:* 2270/named udp6 0 0 *:32771 *:* 2284/lwresd

udp6 0 0 *:domain *:* 2270/named

6. ketikan perintah tail -n 100 /var/log/syslog

untuk mengetahui DHCP telah berhasil dijalankan)

debian:/etc/dhcp3# tail -n 100 /var/log/syslog

Nov 7 06:09:26 localhost syslogd 1.4.1#18: restart. Nov 7 06:09:26 localhost anacron[2886]: Job `cron.daily' terminated Nov 7 06:09:26 localhost anacron[2886]: Normal exit (1 job run) Nov 7 06:09:26 localhost avahi-daemon[2638]: Interface eth0.IPv4 no longer relevant for mDNS. Nov 7 06:09:26 localhost avahi-daemon[2638]: Leaving mDNS multicast group on interface eth0.IPv4 with address 192.168.1.1. Nov 7 06:09:26 localhost avahi-daemon[2638]: Withdrawing address record for 192.168.1.1 on eth0. Nov 7 06:09:26 localhost kernel: eth0: link up, 100Mbps, full-duplex, lpa 0x45E1 Nov 7 06:09:26 localhost avahi-daemon[2638]: New relevant interface eth0.IPv4 for mDNS. Nov 7 06:09:26 localhost avahi-daemon[2638]: Joining mDNS multicast group on interface eth0.IPv4 with address 192.168.1.1.

C. DNS Instalasi & konfigurasi DNS

Instalasi BIND

smkbs:/home/smk# apt-get install bind

Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Suggested packages: bind-doc The following packages will be REMOVED:

bind9 The following NEW packages will be installed: bind 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 1 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 0B/966kB of archives. After unpacking 1356kB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y (Reading database ... 71947 files and directories currently installed.) Removing bind9 ... Stopping domain name service...: bind. Selecting previously deselected package bind. (Reading database ... 71924 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking bind (from .../b/bind/bind_8.4.7-1_i386.deb) ... Replaced by files in installed package dnsutils ... Setting up bind (8.4.7-1) ... Installing new version of config file /etc/bind/named.conf ... Installing new version of config file /etc/bind/named.conf.local ... Installing new version of config file /etc/bind/named.conf.options ... Starting domain name service: named.

Konfigurasi named.conf

zone "localhost" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.local"; };

zone "127.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.127"; };

zone "0.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.0"; };

Edit file named.conf menjadi

/ be authoritative for the localhost forward and reverse zones, and for // broadcast zones as per RFC 1912

zone "smkbs.sch.id" { type master; file "/etc/bind/forward"; };

zone "1.168.192.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/reverse"; };

zone "0.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.0"; };

Lakukan pengcopian ke 2 file pada direktori /etc/bind yaitu db.local menjadi forward dan db.127 menjadi reverse

smkbs:/etc/bind# cp /etc/bind/db.local /etc/bind/forward smkbs:/etc/bind# cp /etc/bind/db.127 /etc/bind/reverse

Konfigurasi Forward
smkbs:/etc/bind# pico forward ; ; BIND data file for local loopback interface ; $TTL 604800 @ IN SOA localhost. root.localhost. ( 1 ; Serial 604800 ; Refresh 86400 ; Retry 2419200 ; Expire 604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL ;

@ IN NS localhost. @ IN A 127.0.0.1

edit text menjadi :

; ; BIND data file for local loopback interface ; $TTL 604800 @ IN SOA smkbs.sch.id. root.smkbs.sch.id. ( 1 ; Serial 604800 ; Refresh 86400 ; Retry 2419200 ; Expire 604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL ; @ IN NS smkbs.sch.id. @ IN A 192.168.1.1 IN MX 10 mail.smkbs.sch.id. ns IN A 192.168.1.1 www IN CNAME @ tkj IN CNAME @ mail IN CNAME @

Konfigurasi Reverse
; ; BIND reverse data file for local loopback interface ; $TTL 604800 @ IN SOA localhost. root.localhost. ( 1 ; Serial 604800 ; Refresh 86400 ; Retry 2419200 ; Expire 604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL ; @ IN NS localhost. 1.0.0 IN PTR localhost.

Edit text menjadi :

; ; BIND reverse data file for local loopback interface ;

$TTL 604800 @ IN SOA smkbs.sch.id. root.smkbs.sch.id. ( 1 ; Serial 604800 ; Refresh 86400 ; Retry 2419200 ; Expire 604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL ; @ IN NS smkbs.sch.id. 1 IN PTR smkbs.sch.id.

Lakukan Pengecekan dengan perintah ping

smkbs:/home/smk# ping smkbs.sch.id

PING localhost (127.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from localhost (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.209 ms 64 bytes from localhost (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.163 ms 64 bytes from localhost (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.168 ms

smkbs:/home/smk# ping www.smkbs.sch.id

PING smkbs.sch.id (192.168.1.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from smkbs.sch.id.sch.id (192.168.1.1): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.117 ms 64 bytes from smkbs.sch.id.sch.id (192.168.1.1): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.140 ms 64 bytes from smkbs.sch.id.sch.id (192.168.1.1): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.160 ms 64 bytes from smkbs.sch.id.sch.id (192.168.1.1): icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.154 ms

Lakukan Pengecekan dengan perintah nslookup

smkbs:/home/smk# nslookup smkbs.sch.id

Server: 192.168.1.1 Address: 192.168.1.1#53

Name: smkbs.sch.id Address: 192.168.1.1

smkbs:/home/smk# nslookup www.smkbs.sch.id Server: 192.168.1.1 Address: 192.168.1.1#53

www.smkbs.sch.id canonical name = smkbs.sch.id.

Name: smkbs.sch.id Address: 192.168.1.1

Lakukan Pengecekan dengan perintah host

smkbs:/home/smk# host www.smkbs.sch.id

www.smkbs.sch.id is an alias for smkbs.sch.id. smkbs.sch.id has address 192.168.1.1 smkbs.sch.id mail is handled by 10 mail.smkbs.sch.id.

Lakukan Pengecekan dengan perintah dig

smkbs:/home/smk# dig www.smkbs.sch.id

; <<>> DiG 9.3.4 <<>> www.smkbs.sch.id ;; global options: printcmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 52928 ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; QUESTION SECTION: ;www.smkbs.sch.id. IN A

;; ANSWER SECTION: www.smkbs.sch.id. 604800 IN CNAME smkbs.sch.id. smkbs.sch.id. 604800 IN A 192.168.1.1 ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: smkbs.sch.id. 604800 IN NS smkbs.sch.id.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: smkbs.sch.id. 604800 IN A 192.168.1.1 ;; Query time: 3 msec ;; SERVER: 192.168.1.1#53(192.168.1.1) ;; WHEN: Wed Apr 7 20:28:53 2010 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 94

Edit index.html pada direktori /etc/apache2/sites-default

Cek dibrowser melalui Epiphany Web Browser www.sm kbs.sch.i d atau dengan IP Address 192.168. 1.1

D. Instalasi Apache2

smkbs:/home/smk# apt-get install apache2

Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done The following NEW packages will be installed: apache2 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 0B/38.6kB of archives. After unpacking 86.0kB of additional disk space will be used. Selecting previously deselected package apache2. (Reading database ... 71959 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking apache2 (from .../apache2_2.2.3-4_all.deb) ... Setting up apache2 (2.2.3-4) ...

E. Instalasi PHP5 smkbs:/home/smk# apt-get install php5

Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done The following extra packages will be installed: libapache2-mod-php5 php5-common Suggested packages:

php-pear The following packages will be REMOVED: libapache2-mod-php4 The following NEW packages will be installed: libapache2-mod-php5 php5 php5-common 0 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 1 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 0B/2626kB of archives. After unpacking 2875kB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y (Reading database ... 71961 files and directories currently installed.) Removing libapache2-mod-php4 ... Module php4 disabled; run /etc/init.d/apache2 force-reload to fully disable. Selecting previously deselected package php5-common. (Reading database ... 71958 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking php5-common (from .../php5-common_5.2.0-8+etch1_i386.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package libapache2-mod-php5. Unpacking libapache2-mod-php5 (from .../libapache2-mod-php5_5.2.0-8+etch1_i386.d eb) ... Selecting previously deselected package php5. Unpacking php5 (from .../php5_5.2.0-8+etch1_all.deb) ... Setting up php5-common (5.2.0-8+etch1) ... Setting up libapache2-mod-php5 (5.2.0-8+etch1) ... Creating config file /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini with new version Forcing reload of web server (apache2).... Setting up php5 (5.2.0-8+etch1) ...

Konfigurasi php
smkbs:/home/smk# cd /var/www smkbs:/var/www# pico info.php

ketikan :

<? phpinfo (); ?>

F. Konfigurasi Virtualhost dengan IP Address yang berbeda

www.smkbs.sch.id 192.168.1.1 tkj.smkbs.sch.id 192.168.1.2

1. Buat terlebih dahulu IP Address Alias

smkbs:/var/www# /sbin/ifconfig eth0:1 192.168.1.2

Lakukan perintah untuk mengaktifkan IP Address alias /etc/init.d/networking restart

Cek IP address alias yang kita buat dengan perintah : # ifconfig

Lakukan perintah ping # ping 192.168.1.2

PING 192.168.1.2 (192.168.1.2) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.188 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.153 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.150 ms

2. Buat website direktori /var/www smkbs:/var/www # mkdir -p /var/www/www.smkbs.sch.id/public_html smkbs:/var/www # mkdir -p /var/www/tkj.smkbs.sch.id/public_html

edit text smkbs:/var/www/www.smkbs.sch.id/public_html# pico index.html smkbs:/var/www/tkj.smkbs.sch.id/public_html# pico index.html

Buat web www.smkbs.sch.id

<html> Selamat datang di WWW.SMKBS.SCH.ID </html> simpan dengan nama index.html

smkbs:/var/www# mkdir -p /var/www/tkj.smkbs.sch.id/public_html smkbs:/var/www/tkj.smkbs.sch.id# pico index.html

Buat web tkj.smkbs.sch.id <html> selamat datang di tkj.smkbs.sch.id </html>

3. Merubah konfigurasi DNS forward dan reverse

Konfigurasi Forward

; ; BIND data file for local loopback interface ; $TTL 604800 @ IN SOA smkbs.sch.id. root.smkbs.sch.id. ( 1 ; Serial 604800 ; Refresh 86400 ; Retry 2419200 ; Expire 604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL ; @ IN NS smkbs.sch.id. @ IN A 192.168.1.1 IN MX 10 mail.smkbs.sch.id.

ns IN A 192.168.1.1 www IN A 192.168.1.1 tkj IN A 192.168.1.2 mail IN A 192.168.1.1

Konfigurasi Reverse
; ; BIND reverse data file for local loopback interface ;

$TTL 604800 @ IN SOA smkbs.sch.id. root.smkbs.sch.id. ( 1 ; Serial 604800 ; Refresh 86400 ; Retry 2419200 ; Expire 604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL ; @ IN NS smkbs.sch.id. 1 IN PTR smkbs.sch.id. 1 IN PTR mail.smkbs.sch.id. 2 IN PTR tkj.smkbs.sch.id.

Konfigurasi pada default pada direktori /etc/apache2/sites-available masuk ke direktori /etc/apache2/sites-available/default Perintah :

smkbs:~# cd /etc/apache2/sites-available smkbs:/etc/apache2/sites-available# ls default smkbs:/etc/apache2/sites-available# pico default

Konfigurasi file default Konfigurasi pada default pada direktori /etc/apache2/sites-available masuk ke direktori /etc/apache2/sites-available Jangan lupa back up terlebih dahulu default menjadi nama file master

smkbs:~# cd /etc/apache2/sites-available smkbs:/etc/apache2/sites-available# ls default smkbs:/etc/apache2/sites-available# pico default

Ketikan pada bagian terakir pada default

</VirtualHost> <VirtualHost 192.168.1.1> ServerAdmin djembar@smkbs.sch.id DocumentRoot /var/www/www.smkbs.sch.id/public_html ServerName www.smkbs.sch.id </VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost 192.168.1.2>

ServerAdmin djembar@smkbs.sch.id Documentroot /var/www/tkj.smkbs.sch.id/public_html ServerName tkj.smkbs.sch.id </VirtualHost>

Konfigurasi pada direktori /etc/apache2/ports.conf

smkbs:/etc/apache2# cd /etc/apache2 smkbs:/etc/apache2# ls apache2.conf envvars mods-available ports.conf sites-enabled conf.d httpd.conf mods-enabled sites-available

smkbs:/etc/apache2# pico ports.conf

Ketikan : NameVirtualhost 192.168.1.1 Listen 80

<IfModule mod_ssl.c> Listen 443 </Ifmodule>

Lakukan service : 1. smkbs:/etc/apache2# /etc/init.d/bind restart Stopping domain name service: named.

Starting domain name service: named.

2. smkbs:/etc/apache2# /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

Forcing reload of web server (apache2)...apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using smkbs.sch.id for ServerName apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using smkbs.sch.id for ServerName

3. smkbs:/etc/apache2# /etc/init.d/apache2 start

Starting web server (apache2)...apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using smkbs.sch.id for ServerName httpd (pid 4007) already running

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