Text Page 180 BB Page 37 The product of an objects velocity and mass is called momentum.

Momentum is a vector quantity meaning it has direction.

= = =

MOMENTUM An objects momentum is measured in kilogram metres per second. symbol "kg m /s" MASS An objects mass is measured in kilograms. symbol "kg" VELOCITY The objects velocity is measured in metres per second. symbol "m/s"

mv

kgm/s = kg x m/s

m v

CH 09

EXAMPLE PROBLEM What is the momentum of a 10,000 kg truck at 100 km/h?

p = mv
All objects in motion have a momentum. It is what resists an object from speeding up slowing down or changing direction. In the example below we will determine the momentum of a truck

p = 10 000kg 100km/h p = 1.00 10 6 kg km/h

or p = 10 000kg 27.8m /s p = 2.78 10 5 kg m /s

Either method is acceptable as long as your units in your answer match the units used in the calculations

Text Page 178 BB Page 37

Impulse is an objects change in momentum given the symbol p. The amount of force required to change the objects momentum is dependent on how long it took to change. The objects velocity change however is dependent on its mass as well as how much force was applied and for how long.

p = m v =
kg m/s = kg x m/s =

Ft
N x s
The time for the object to change velocity, measured in seconds.Symbol "s"

p = m
=

IMPULSE or change in momentum, measured in kilograms metre per second. Symbol "kg m /s"

t = F =

MASS An objects mass, measured in kilograms. Symbol "kg" CHANGE IN VELOCITY The change in the objects velocity, is measured in metres per second. Symbol "m/s"

The force applied to change the objects velocity, measured in newtons. Symbol "N"

v =

FORMULA DERIVATION We start with and

F = ma

v a= t
Impulse is very useful in determing forces during impacts

we substitute a for what it is equal to

and then rearrange for

m v F= t

Ft = mv

Impulse Example #1
A 50g tennis ball traveling at 20 m/s hit a racket and remained in contact for 0.10s before leaving in the opposite direction at 25m/s. Calculate the force on the racket and the ball.

v t = m p = F mv F = t 5m / s /s 2 20 m 50g 0.10s = F t. The e racke l b u t n th q N o o e .5 kThis is the tfhreceball isthe ura cket. a = 22 n n F orce o to that o f

Note oppos: V e l o c i g i v e n ite direc t i e s i n t A l s o o p p o s i t ions are e the veloci u n i t signs. ties s fo in m/ used r secon s and th should be e tim ds e in

oppos

ite

Impulse Example #2
A 2000 kg car hit a 500 kg trash bin at 50.0 km / h. If the car slowed to 40.0 km/h after the collision what was the acceleration of the trash bin if the car was in contact with the bin for 0.400 seconds?

Now find the force that was placed on the car by the bin to slow it down. Because this is the same force that was placed on the bin, we can now find it's acceleration. (don't forget to convert to m/s)

By using the force formula we can now calculate the acceleration of the garbage bin

p = vm= F t F = vm t (11.1 m / s 13.9m/s ) 2000kg F= 0. 400 s 13.9kN F=

F = ma F 13.9kN = = 27.8m/ s 2 a= m 500 kg

Conservation of Momentum

Text Page 181 BB Page 43

Conservation of momentum is key to solving many physics problems. According to the laws of physics momentum is a conserved quantity. Meaning when two or more objects interact (collide) the sum of the momentum before must equal the momentum after. Remember momentum is a vector quantity, meaning it has direction.

EXAMPLE PROBLEM If a 3000 kg car traveling south at 20 m/s, collides with a 2000 kg car traveling north at 25 m/s. What is the speed of the north bound car after the collision if the south bound car came to a stop during the collision?
use two o T solve we need to tum must basics concepts We know that momen sion. lli co tity be conserved in a at the is a vector quan Since momentum going opposite to each Therefore we can say thllision the co and the cars areust be given a negative momentum before ter r one car m south must equal the momentum af othe sign velocity. Lets as value for its the collision. . a negative value

pbefore = pafter pnorth

car before

+ psouth

car before = car

pnorth
before

car after

+ p south

car after=

(mv) north

car before

+ ( mv) south

= (mv) north

car after

+ ( mv) south

car after

(mv) ncb + ( mv) scb ( mv) sca = v nca mnca

2000kg 25m/s) ncb + ( 3000kg 20m/s ) scb ( 3000kg 0m/ s) sca vnca = ( 2000kg nca vnca = 5.00 m/ s or vnca =5.00 m/ s south
The momentum before must equal the momentum after .