You are on page 1of 23

Westinghouse Proprietary Class 2

2012 Westinghouse Electric Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Spent Fuel Pool safety and performance


Development and application of MAAP5 Spent Fuel Model for enhancement of EOPs and SAMGs in light of the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant and stress test evaluations.
Chan Young Paik, Quan Zhou Fauske and Associates, LLC., USA Oleg Solovjanov , Robert Prior Westinghouse Electric Company, LLC, Belgium

Westinghouse Proprietary Class 2

2012 Westinghouse Electric Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Outline
1.
2. 3.

Motivation
Features needed Modeling

4.
5.

Testing
Status and Future Plans

Westinghouse Proprietary Class 2

2012 Westinghouse Electric Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Motivation - Spent Fuel Pool Model


Model development started before Fukushima Motivated by the need to evaluate Accident Management strategies and provide (not unnecessarily conservative) inputs to PSA level 2:

Pool heatup times;


Effects of boiling: Building thermal-hydraulics. Hydrogen from radiolysis.

Source term analysis.


Accident management and severe accident management strategy evaluation

In line with MAAP philosophy, aim was to produce best estimate predictions.

Westinghouse Proprietary Class 2

2012 Westinghouse Electric Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Features Required

Fuel rack design. Heat loads and inventories. Heat sinks and gas space behavior including hydrogen. Fuel damage and melt progression:
Cladding oxidation in air. Ru release.

The model uses a special MAAP containment control


volume with additional models.

Westinghouse Proprietary Class 2

2012 Westinghouse Electric Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.

The MAAP Code


Modular Accident Analysis Program Integrated code for severe accident analysis. Applications include:
SAM strategy verification PSA2 sequence analysis and source term analysis Design of mitigation systems

Increasingly used for pre-core damage scenarios. EPRI owns MAAP and manages development. FAI is main developer. MAAP5 includes major model upgrades, including improved primary system modeling, neutron kinetics.

Westinghouse Proprietary Class 2

2012 Westinghouse Electric Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Key Features of MAAP5 Spent Fuel Pool Model


The storage pool is represented by a water pool model in the
MAAP containment (reactor building) model. Current model does not calculate water natural circulation within fuel racks. MAAP calculates a gas natural circulation once the water level decrease below the bottom of the fuel rack or fuel rack melted away. Current model allows up to 40 channels. Each channel can have filled or empty cells, and hot and cold fuel assemblies, but the decay power within a channel is homogenized.

Westinghouse Proprietary Class 2

2012 Westinghouse Electric Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Key Features of MAAP5 Spent Fuel Pool Model (Continued)


The checker board configuration can be modeled by
dividing channels based on assemblies (i.e., individually modeling hot assembly as one channel and cold assemblies as another channel). Each channel is homogenized. Thus, in-homogeneity and non-symmetrical nature of the SFP pool must be modeled at the hierarchical level of channel. Users are allowed to use up to 40 channels and each rack can be modeled as multiple channels. The storage pool wall is represented by distributed heat sink model.

Westinghouse Proprietary Class 2

2012 Westinghouse Electric Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Key Features of MAAP5 Spent Fuel Pool Model (Continued)


Spent fuel rack and fuel assemblies are modeled similar to the
MAAP5 core model (uses identical models).
Spent fuel racks and assemblies are modeled as 2-D (channels and axial nodes) objects. There can be one or more channels for each rack. Up to 20 different types of fuel assemblies can be specified in each channel. The rack wall (steel with boraflex plate) is modeled as one of the core components surrounding each fuel assembly, such as control blades in BWR. Boiled-up level for each channel is calculated based on the steam generation rate within the channel.

Westinghouse Proprietary Class 2

2012 Westinghouse Electric Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Defining Inputs for Representative Types of Spent Fuel Assembly


Maximum of 20 different types of fuel
assemblies (power groups) can be defined
Cycle and Burn-up History How long for each cycle and how much accumulated burn-up at the end of the cycle Cooling time

Time the fuel assembly is cooled in the spent fuel pool (including time from shutdown to transfer into pool)
Initial Enrichment

Masses of Materials
UO2, Zr, Ag-In-Cd, B4C, Stainless Steel, etc. Number of Fuel Pins and Non-Fuel Rods

Westinghouse Proprietary Class 2

2012 Westinghouse Electric Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Spent Fuel Rack Designs

10

Westinghouse Proprietary Class 2

2012 Westinghouse Electric Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Spent Fuel Channel (Rack) Modeling


Currently, only the High Density Rack
(HDR) and square type racks are modeled.

Spent fuel pool can be divided into 2-D


model:
# of channels (racks) * # of axial nodes (up to 40) (up to 100)

User can specify types and number of


fuel assemblies for each channel (rack).

For a given channel, there can be filled or


empty cells. Averaged fuel assembly properties are used to represent filled cells

11

Westinghouse Proprietary Class 2

2012 Westinghouse Electric Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Defining Inputs for Spent Fuel Channel (Rack)


Geometric Information
Number of storage cells for each channel (rack) Number of fuel assemblies (filled cells) for each channel (rack) Center-to-center distance between two adjacent cells Thickness of rack wall Thickness of Boraflex sheet in the rack wall Total height of the spent fuel rack Height of the top and bottom non-fuel regions in the spent fuel rack

Assemblies in the Rack


Number of specific type of spent fuel assemblies in the rack

12

Westinghouse Proprietary Class 2

2012 Westinghouse Electric Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Zr Oxidation in Air
Zr + O2 ZrO2 + HZr
HZr : Heat of reaction per mole of Zr (=1.1 x 109 J/kgmole [1]) [1] D.A. Powers, Technical Issues Associated with Air Ingression During Core Degradation, SAND2000-1935C, Sandia National Laboratories, 2000

MAAP5 uses NUREG Correlations (NUREG/CR-6218)

13

Westinghouse Proprietary Class 2

2012 Westinghouse Electric Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Relocation Model
Relocation model is similar to core relocation model except:
Sideward relocation between channels is not allowed. Molten mass at the bottom node is allowed to relocate into the floor without forming a crust.

Molten steel from steel rack is relocated one axial node at a


time. Fuel rod collapse criteria is based on the model used in the core based on the Larson-Miller approach (time at temperature). Fuel rack collapse is modeled based on the bottom node temperature using the Larson-Miller approach.

14

Westinghouse Proprietary Class 2

2012 Westinghouse Electric Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Example Cases
4-Loop PWR Spent Fuel Pool is modeled as one reactor building node Spent fuel pool fuel assemblies are modeled as 30 channels (racks)
with 22 axial nodes Total decay heat ~ 7.73 MW with 840 fuel assemblies Pool floor area = 178 m2 Limited gas circulation between upper space and fuel region Condensate in the walls and ceiling return to the water pool For a normal water level, it will take a more than a week to uncover the top of fuel assemblies for a loss of pool cooling event Three Cases: 1) Normal Initial water level (12.0 m) with a loss of pool cooling 2) Initial water level is set to 5.0 m with a loss of pool cooling 3) No water in the spent fuel pool (just to test the models)
15

Westinghouse Proprietary Class 2

2012 Westinghouse Electric Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Example: PWR Spent Fuel Pool

16

Westinghouse Proprietary Class 2

2012 Westinghouse Electric Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Channel Nodalization (30 channels)


Spen t Fuel 1 Chan 7 nel

2 8

4 10 16 22 28

9
15 21 27

11 12

13 14

17 18
23 24

19 20
25 26

29 30
17

Westinghouse Proprietary Class 2

2012 Westinghouse Electric Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Case 1 (Normal Water Level)


It will take about one week to uncover the top of fuel
assemblies.

Top of fuel assembly

18

Westinghouse Proprietary Class 2

2012 Westinghouse Electric Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Case 2 (Water level and Pressure )

Hydroge n burn Corium Level

19

Westinghouse Proprietary Class 2

2012 Westinghouse Electric Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Case 2 (Gas Temperature and Hydrogen Mole Fraction)

20

Westinghouse Proprietary Class 2

2012 Westinghouse Electric Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Case 2( Fuel Node Temperatures)

21

Westinghouse Proprietary Class 2

2012 Westinghouse Electric Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Case 2 (Mass of Hydrogen and Molten Corium Mass )

22

Westinghouse Proprietary Class 2

2012 Westinghouse Electric Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Status and Future Development


MAAP 5.01 (December 2011), first version includes Spent
Fuel Pool model.
Planned developments:

Radiolysis. Tests for other types of spent fuel pool designs. Improvements to radiation and natural circulation models. Validate the model against available data and other detailed codes.

23

You might also like