Institute of Nuclear Power Operations

U.S. Industry Response to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Accident

William E. Webster, Jr.
Senior Vice President, Industry Evaluations March 20, 2012

2012 Institute of Nuclear Power Operations

Overview
New perspective the way
forward
actions

U.S. industry response

Near-term actions Diverse and flexible mitigation capability

U.S. Nuclear Industry Event

Response Framework
Technical support Equipment and material support

Conclusions

2012 Institute of Nuclear Power Operations

A New Perspective:
Nuclear Excellence = Operational Excellence and Emergency Response Excellence

2012 Institute of Nuclear Power Operations

The Way Forward Strategic Goals

1. Existing plant safety 2. Synchronize response capability 3. Effective industry emergency plan 4. Integrate strategies, consider multi-unit impact

5. External event margins

6. Spent fuel pool cooling protection 7. Primary containment protection 8. Radiological protection response

2012 Institute of Nuclear Power Operations

U.S. Industry Response

Verify readiness
for known conditions Improve countermeasures for beyond design conditions

2012 Institute of Nuclear Power Operations

Verify Readiness for Known Conditions INPO Event Report (IER)11-1,

Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Station Fuel Damage Caused by Earthquake and Tsunami

IER 11-1, Supplement 1 IER 11-2, Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear

Station Spent Fuel Pool Loss of Cooling and Makeup

2012 Institute of Nuclear Power Operations

Improve Countermeasures
IER 11-4, Near-Term Actions to Diverse and Flexible Coping
Strategies (FLEX)
Address the Effects of an Extended Loss of All AC Power

U.S. Nuclear Industry Event

Response Framework

2012 Institute of Nuclear Power Operations

IER 11-4, Near-Term Actions to Address the Effects of an Extended Loss of All AC Power
Sensitivity review to understand limits Develop strategy to extend limiting conditions Develop strategy for critical instruments Develop strategy for fuel sources Develop strategy for communications
2012 Institute of Nuclear Power Operations

Diverse and Flexible Coping Strategies (FLEX)

Prevent core damage, protect containment Diverse equipment (number, location
application) Flexible strategy Three phases
On-site portable Off-site portable

Installed equipment

Site specific hazards

2012 Institute of Nuclear Power Operations

Three Phased Approach for FLEX

Event

Phase 1
Installed Equipment

Phase 2

Phase 3

On-site Portable Equipment

Off-site Portable Equipment

2012 Institute of Nuclear Power Operations

U.S. Nuclear Industry Event Response Framework

US industrys role
Obtain and communicate operational information Provide technical information and support Facilitate equipment/material support

Enhanced responsibilities
Off-site equipment support (regional, national) Industry technical support

Information needs
Coordination with government agencies (NRC, FEMA, DHS, DOD, DOE)

2012 Institute of Nuclear Power Operations

Off-Site Equipment Support

Diversity in supply Transport and install during Phase 2
of FLEX Large equipment/consumables Standardized connections Pre-established logistics Central accountability

2012 Institute of Nuclear Power Operations

Typical Off-Site Equipment

High capacity pump (Diesel driven) High pressure pump (Diesel driven)
Suction/discharge hoses, strainers, fittings

Portable Diesel Generator sets

Cables, connections

Air compressors/Nitrogen bottles and

regulators Portable ventilation fans Communications equipment
Satellite phones, radios
2012 Institute of Nuclear Power Operations

Industry Technical Support

Designated industry experts

Utility, vendor, EPRI

INPO emergency response center Information
requirements

2012 Institute of Nuclear Power Operations

Current Nuclear Accident Response

Prevention/ Protection
Design Bases

Mitigation
Station Blackout Coping Strategy

Emergency Response
Severe Accident Management Guidelines (SAMGs) Off-Site Protective Measures

Stabilization/ Restoration
Long-Term Core Cooling Closed Loop Long-Term SFP Cooling/Inventory Control Containment Closure

Configuration/ Plant Status Control

External Event Strategy Safety Culture Security Order Strategies

Security Order Strategies

Water Management
Radioactive Material Control Redundancy Built In Environmental Monitoring

Training Operations: EOPs, AOPs, Fundamentals

2012 Institute of Nuclear Power Operations

Future Nuclear Accident Response

Prevention/ Protection
Design Bases

Mitigation
Station Blackout Coping Strategy Extensive Damage Mitigation Strategies, Repurposed and Integrated Extended Loss of AC Response

Emergency Response
SAMGs with SFP Cooling Extensive Damage Strategies Integration

Stabilization/ Restoration
Long-Term Core Cooling Closed Loop Long-Term SFP Cooling/Inventory Control Containment Closure

Configuration/ Plant Status Control

Safety Culture

Diverse and Flexible Coping Strategies (FLEX)

Off-Site Resource Support

Off-Site Protective Measures

Water Management
Radioactive Material Control

Training Operations: EOPs, AOPs, Fundamentals

Hydrogen Control and Venting Security Order Strategies

Redundancy Built In Environmental Monitoring

Spent Fuel Pool (SFP) Cooling Initiative

2012 Institute of Nuclear Power Operations

Future Nuclear Accident Response (Industry Response)

Prevention/ Protection
Design Bases

Mitigation
SBO Coping Strategy Extensive Damage Mitigation Strategies, Repurposed and Integrated Extended Loss of AC Response (IER 11-4) Diverse and Flexible Coping Strategies (FLEX) Off-Site Resource Support (Industry Emergency Plan) SFP Cooling Initiative (IER 11-2) (Industry Initiative)

Emergency Response
SAMGs with SFP Cooling (EPRI Initiative)
Extensive Damage Strategies Integration (Industry Initiative) Off-Site Protective Measures Hydrogen Control and Venting Security Order Strategies

Stabilization/ Restoration
Long-Term Core Cooling Closed Loop Long-Term SFP Cooling/Inventory Control Containment Closure

Configuration/ Plant Status Control (IER 11-1) (IER 11-2)

Safety Culture (Common Language Initiative) Training (SOER 10-2) Operations: EOPs, AOPs, Fundamentals (IER 11-3)

Water Management
Radioactive Material Control Redundancy Built In Environmental Monitoring

2012 Institute of Nuclear Power Operations

Implementation Status
US Nuclear Industry Event Response
Framework
Coordinated guide for INPO, NEI, EPRI

Equipment acquisitions
Modifications Procedural changes

2012 Institute of Nuclear Power Operations

Equipment Acquisitions
Nearly 400 equipment purchases have
been made or arranged

All utilities have committed to order

equipment by March 2012 that will be compatible with the implementation of FLEX

40% of identified equipment is on-site

and 82% will be on-site by the end of 2012

2012 Institute of Nuclear Power Operations

Equipment Acquired
Diesel-driven pumps
(B.5.b, AFW, SW) response

Air-driven pumps for flood

Fuel pumps Sump pumps Couplings and connections Hoses 2MW diesel generators 10KW diesel generators 6.5KW diesel generators Diesels for lighting

Battery chargers

13.8kV switchgear
4.16kV switchgear Power transformers

Cables
Fire trucks Trailers

Articulating wheel loaders

Spent Fuel Pool temporary level and temperature monitoring equipment

2012 Institute of Nuclear Power Operations

Key Modifications
Permanent connections for portable
equipment

Low-leakage RCP seals for SBO conditions

(8 stations)

Containment vents (3 stations)

Distribution centers for portable
generators

Seismically qualified connections and

cross ties to the condensate storage tanks

2012 Institute of Nuclear Power Operations

Procedural Changes
Changes typically addressed:
Operation of new equipment Revision and Improvement of accident response Instructions and curves for analysis of plant conditions

Other procedure revisions of interest:

Engineering review of modifications consider beyonddesign basis events

Added the location of specific emergency equipment

Added detail such as contact information for acquiring additional fuel oil

2012 Institute of Nuclear Power Operations

Next Steps
Engineering guide for FLEX

Protocols for regional/national

support

Training, drills, exercises

Industry-led follow-up reviews

2012 Institute of Nuclear Power Operations

Conclusion

The Way Forward

U.S. Nuclear Industry Event

Response Framework Strategies (FLEX)

Diverse and Flexible Coping

2012 Institute of Nuclear Power Operations

Institute of Nuclear Power Operations

U.S. Industry Response to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Accident

William E. Webster, Jr.
Senior Vice President, Industry Evaluations March 20, 2012

2012 Institute of Nuclear Power Operations