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    Ayush Jain
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    >75% of the land surface is Sedimentary Rock. Most of Earth's surface is covered with layers of loose sediment. Contain direct and indirect evidence of life. Source of "fossil fuels"

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    >75% of the land surface is Sedimentary Rock. Most of Earth's surface is covered with layers of loose sediment. Contain direct and indirect evidence of life. Source of "fossil fuels"

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    15 views3 pages

    Sedimentary

    Uploaded by

    Ayush Jain
    >75% of the land surface is Sedimentary Rock. Most of Earth's surface is covered with layers of loose sediment. Contain direct and indirect evidence of life. Source of "fossil fuels"

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 3

    2/14/2011

    SedimentaryRockIsFormedfrom theWeatheredandEroded RemainsoftheCrust.

    SEDIMENTARY ROCK
    CHAPTER8

    Manyoftherocklayers youcanseeinthis photographare composedof sedimentsthat accumulatedonthe seafloorinashallow ocean.Whatevidence wouldrevealtoa geologistthatarock formedinashallow marineenvironment?

    MostofEarths surfaceiscovered withlayersofloose Sediment

    >75%oftheland surfaceis SedimentaryRock

    WhyStudySedimentary Rocks?
    Reflectphysicaland chemicalcharacteristics ofsourceenvironments. Containdirectand indirectevidenceoflife. Canbeinterpretedto recreateEarthhistory. Sourceoffossilfuels.

    ThereAreThreeCommonTypesofSediment:Clastic,Chemical, andBiogenic CLASTICSEDIMENTS arebroken piecesofcrust depositedbywater,wind,ice,orsomeotherphysicalprocess

    CHEMICALSEDIMENTSProduced byinorganic(nonbiological) precipitationofdissolved compounds(e.g.,through evaporation)

    BIOGENICSEDIMENTS Producedbyorganic (biological)precipitationof theremainsoflivingorganism

    SedimentschangeastheyaretransportedacrossEarthssurface enroutetotheirEnvironmentofDeposition

    ParticleSizeReflects EnvironmentalEnergy

    SORTING particles separated basedon density

    2/14/2011

    Clasticgrainscombinewithchemicalandbiogenicsediments
    througheitherorganicorinorganicprecipitation.

    ABRASION rounding,duetotransport

    Dissolvedcompoundsaretransportedfromweatheringsites intoSedimentaryBasins.

    SedimentsevolveinSedimentaryBasins.
    Unstablegrains(olivine,pyroxene,calciumrich plagioclase,amphibole,andothers)becomeless abundant. Stablegrains(quartz,clays,muscovite,orthoclase) becomemoreabundant. b b d t Biogenicsedimentsaccumulate. Chemicalsedimentsmaybecomemoreabundant.

    SedimentBecomes RockDuringthe SedimentaryCycle.

    cementation and compaction.

    Lithification causedby

    ThereAreEightMajorTypesofClastic SedimentaryRock.
    Distinguishedby: Grainsizeand Lithology (compositionand textureofthe particlesand cementswithin them)

    breccia

    Specificcombinationsoftexture andcompositionforeachtype. Determinedbysedimentshistory: transportenergyanddistance, weatheringintensity,and compositionofsourcerock.

    ClasticSedimentaryRocks(8) arkose

    conglomerate

    quartzsandstone

    claystone

    siltstone lithicsandstone

    shale

    2/14/2011

    ThereAre7MajorTypesofChemical SedimentaryRock
    rocksalt rockgypsum limestone

    and4MajorTypesofBiogenicSedimentaryRock.
    skeletallimestone chalk coal

    SedimentaryRocksPreserveEvidenceofPast Environments

    travertine dolostone coquina

    micrite chert

    ContinentalEnvironmentsofdeposition

    CoastalEnvironmentsofdeposition

    MarineEnvironmentsofdeposition

    PrimarySedimentaryStructuresRecord EnvironmentalProcesses
    CrossBedding RippleMarks GradedBedding Stratification

    #3.Choosefourenvironmentsofdepositionin thisfigure.Foreach,describethetextureand compositionofthesedimentsyouwouldbe likelytofindthere.

    #7.Considerthecontinentalshelf,thestreams, thedesert,andtheglacier.Ifthesediment sourceforeachwasgraniticmountains, predictthetextureandcompositionof sedimentsateachenvironment.

    MudCracks

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