Web Services and J2EE

Dan Harkey

Agenda

9Introduction to Web Services

9Web Services and EJB

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Introduction

9Next step in distributed computing evolution

9Web Services are
ƒ self-describing
ƒ lightweight
ƒ inter-galactic components

Evolution

9Remote Procedure Calls (RPCs)

9Distributed Component Architectures
ƒ CORBA, DCOM
ƒ RMI & EJB
9XML-RPC, SOAP
9Web Services

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Web Services and Distributed
Objects …

9 Both attempt to provide distributed computing solutions

over a network
ƒ Software components executing in different
processes on different systems
9 Both provide mechanisms for locating components
ƒ Naming or directory service of some type
ƒ Web services model provides a service registry
9 Both provide encoding methods or function invocations
between participants

Web Services and Distributed

Objects … (cont.)

9 Provide mechanisms for suitably marshalling parameters

passed as arguments in function calls or method
invocations
9 Provide rules detailing on-the-wire bits and bytes
9 Provide mechanisms for determining if faults have
occurred during a method call or function invocation
9 Provide introspection capabilities

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What Web Services aren’t…

9Web services are not object oriented

ƒ No object reference
ƒ No encapsulated data
ƒ Data has to be always passed or pointed to
ƒ No Polymorphism

What is a Web Service

9Set of endpoints operating on XML messages

9Endpoint is defined by set of
ƒ Operations
ƒ Messages (arguments, results)

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Web Services Roles

9 Service provider publishes information about the

service to a service registry.
9 Service registry maintains a catalog of deployed
(published) services and makes this catalog available to
new service providers and service requestors
9 Service Requester finds the service by using a lookup
against the service registry, and then binds to the
service provider. The provider and requestor can then
interact

Web Services Roles

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Web Service Provider Tasks

9Create or obtain WSDL document describing

web service
9Implement service
9Deploy service
9Publish WSDL defining concrete service
ƒ Includes binding and addressing information
for service endpoints

Web Services Requester Tasks

9Obtain WSDL description of service

9Create artifacts to use service
9Send messages to endpoints/receive responses

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Web Service Invocation

Web Services Architecture

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Web Services Building Blocks

BPEL
BPML

Basic Building Blocks

9 Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP)

ƒ XML based messaging framework
• Application-to-application protocol.
• Provides serialization formats and RPC-style mapping
9 Universal Description, Discovery and Integration
(UDDI)
ƒ A repository for discovering and registering Web Service
descriptions
9 Web Services Definition Language (WSDL)
ƒ XML application designed to describe all information
needed to interact with a service
• messages, operations and protocol mappings

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Building Blocks

9 Transport protocols
ƒ HTTP, FTP, SMTP, Message Queues etc.
9 Flow languages
ƒ Describe the ordering of interactions between services.
• Client based programming to control business
processes (no centralized server).
• Examples:
‰ Business Process Modeling Language (BPML)
‰ Business Process Execution Language (BPEL)

Building Blocks (SOAP)

9XML based messaging framework designed to

act as application-to-application protocol
9Provides serialization formats for basic data
types
9Standard way of doing XML-RPC
9Does not mandate the transport protocol
ƒ Only HTTP binding is defines as standard

9
SOAP Functionality

Contents of a SOAP Message

9A SOAP Envelope that describes the message

and tells how the message should be processed
9Encoding rules to describe how application-
defined data types are encoded
9Elements that describe the desired remote
procedure calls and responses

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SOAP Message

SOAP Envelope

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SOAP Request/Response

Building blocks (WSDL)

9XML application designed to describe messages,

operations and protocol mappings of a Web
Service

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WSDL

The Components of WSDL

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WSDL Basic Service Description

WSDL

9 Message
ƒ Abstract definition of the data in the form of a message
ƒ presented either as an entire document or in the form of
arguments to be mapped to a method invocation
9 Types
ƒ Defines data types to be used in the messages
ƒ Typically in the form of XML Schemas, although WSDL
allows other mechanisms
ƒ Elements or the data structures that will be contained in a
message.
9 Operation
ƒ Abstract definition of the operation for a message
ƒ Naming a method, message queue, or business process
that will accept and process the message

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WSDL (contd.)

9 Port Type
ƒ Represents a set of operations that are implemented by some
service provider residing at some location.
ƒ Define the possible operations for any number of service
providers who provide a common service.
ƒ Similar to an abstract interface.
ƒ Can be mapped to multiple transports through different
bindings.
9 Binding
ƒ Defines how an operation is bound to a protocol.
ƒ Combination of a protocol and data format for a port type
defines how the port type is mapped on to a particular
transport
ƒ Any protocol can be used to bind messages; however, SOAP,
HTTP GET/POST and MIME message binding formats are
defined in the spec.

WSDL (Contd.)

9 Port
ƒ
A combination of a binding and a network address,
that provides the target address of the service
communication. The ports define the actual network
end-point that associates a binding with a protocol
specific address.
9 Service
ƒ This is a collection of related endpoints
encompassing the service definitions in the file;
services map the binding to the port (in short, a
service is a collection of ports).

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Building blocks (UDDI)

9A repository for discovering and registering the

Web Service descriptions
9UDDI data categories
ƒ White Pages – address, contact, and known
identifiers
ƒ Yellow Pages – industrial categorizations
based on standard taxonomies
ƒ Green Pages – technical information about
services that are exposed by the business

UDDI
9 UDDI data structures
ƒ Business Entity
ƒ Business Service
ƒ Specification Pointers
ƒ Service Types

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UDDI Structures and their
Elements

UDDI-WSDL mapping

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EJB 2.1 Architecture

9Main addition is incorporation of Web Services

into the architecture
ƒ Make EJB components easy to use as
implementations for Web Services

Implementing a Web Service in EJB

9Stateless Session Bean is service endpoint

9Define web service endpoint interface
ƒ Maps to WSDL definition
ƒ JAX-RPC interface
9Implement business methods in bean class
9Invocations on service endpoint are delegate to
stateless session bean instance
ƒ JAX-RPC runtime handles mapping

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Web Service
Endpoint Interface Example

public interface StockQuoteProvider

extends java.rmi.Remote
{
public float getLastTradePrice(String tickerSymbol)
throws java.rmi.RemoteException;
...
}

Web Service Endpoint Interface

9Follows rules for JAX-RPC interfaces

ƒ Cannot pass EJB Objects as arguments or
results
ƒ JAX-RPC serialization rules for value types
9Declare in deployment descriptor for session
bean using service-endpoint element
9Transaction attributes
ƒ Web services cannot have transaction
context so Mandatory doesn’t make sense

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Stateless Session Bean Class

public class StockQuoteProviderBean

implements javax.ejb.SessionBean
{
public float getLastTradePrice(String tickerSymbol)
{
// business logic for method...
}
//...
}

Using a Web Service from an EJB

9Sending/Receiving messages looks like RPC

9Service-ref deployment descriptor
9Look up service stub in JNDI
9Get stub/proxy for service endpoint
9Invoke methods on endpoint
9JAX-RPC runtime in container handles
invocations on service endpoint, data type
mappings, etc.

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EJB Client Web Service
Invocation Example

public class InvestmentBean

implements javax.ejb.SessionBean
{
public void checkPortfolio(...)
{
Context ctx = new InitialContext();
StockQuoteService sqs = ctx.lookup(
“java:comp/env/service/StockQuoteService”);
StockQuoteProvider sqp =
sqs.getStockQuoteProviderPort();
float quotePrice = sqp.getLastTradePrice(...);
...
}
...
}

References

9Wireless Java Programming for Enterprise

Applications, Chapter 14, Harkey, Appajodu,
Larkin, (Wiley 2002)
9http://servlet.java.sun.com/javaone/sf2003/conf
/sessions/index.en.jsp (see ts-2255)

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