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Work study

An introduction to a method to improve work performance

Definitions

Method analysis is the study of the manual content of work as its effects or is affected by work-space conditions Work methods design (or motion study) develops the preferred method of doing works Work measurement (or time study) determines standard time to perform a specific task

Work Study
Consist of Method Study (Method engineering) and work measurement (time study) to examine the human work in all contexts which lead to the systematic investigation of resources and factors which effect the efficiency and economy of the situation being reviewed in order to effect improvement .
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Includes: Designing, creating, and selecting the best manufacturing methods, processes, tools, equipment, and skills to produce a desired product/service.

Definition of Work
Work is understood as human activities, by which humans interact with each other or with technical tools, guided by economical goals producing goods and services which are either traded/marketed or financed by public subventions/demands (e.g. taxes).

(Stirn, 1980)

Work activities
Principal activity: planned activity, directly related to the task
process the piece assemble the parts prepare the meal repair the vehicle

Ancillary activity : planned activity, indirectly related to the task

clamp pieces meet customers purchase groceries

Additional activity : unforeseeable activity

refinish a work piece adjust machine settings
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If the production department is the heart of an industry then methods, standards, and work design is the heart of production. This function determines how competitive a product/company will become. Who performs this analysis? Engineers, OA, psychologists, HR, supervisors, and workers.

Work interruptions
Interruption inherent to the procedure (Allowable delays):

Waiting period occurring when a machine or device needs time to complete a procedure. turning by CNC-controlled machines booting a computer Interruption due to interference (Non-allowable delays) Unscheduled waits due to technical and organizational interferences waiting for a mechanic power failure Interruption for personal reasons: Interruption or delay of an activity for personal reasons e.g. smoking a cigarette using the lavatory began work late Interruption for recovery: Interruption of an activity due to fatigue

Opportunities Available

Systematic Approach
Select the project

Retrieve, format and present data

Analyze data Develop method

Present and install method

Develop a job analysis Establish time standards

Follow up
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Standards
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End result of time study or work measurement

Establishes an allowed time to perform a given

task, based on measurable results Considers allowances for fatigue, personal, and unavoidable delays

Objectives
Minimize the time required to perform tasks Continually improve the quality and reliability of products and services Conserve resources and minimize cost by specifying the most appropriate direct and indirect materials for the production of goods and services Take the availability of power into careful consideration Maximize safety, health, and well-being of all employees Produce with an increasing concern for protecting the environment Follow a humane program of management that results in job interest and satisfaction for each employee

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