ENGINEERING AND ORGANISATION

Engineering is the practical application of science and math to solve problems. Engineering technologies improve the ways that we communicate, work, travel, stay healthy, and entertain ourselves. Engineers are problem-solvers who want to make things work more efficiently and quickly and less expensively. From computer chips and satellites to medical devices and renewable energy technologies, engineering makes our modern life possible. Electrical engineers and computer engineers have a wide range of study options and career paths that let them design, build, and manage those ideas into reality.

At the atomic level, materials engineers are developing data storage techniques focusing on the spin of electrons in atoms. At the molecular level, chemical and bioengineers are working on drug delivery systems that work inside cells. At the macro level, environmental engineers are quantifying the particle flow of pollutants through soil to better understand how to clean up abandoned industrial sites, oil spills, and other biohazards. Galactic level, astronautical engineers are designing spacecraft for other-world exploration.

THE ROLE OF ENGINEER IN GOVERNMENT & PRIVATE SECTOR

Engineers are the practitioners of the art of managing the application of science and mathematics in various disciplines possible. Engineers are supposed to make the realization of human dreams by applying their engineering skills and knowledge. Engineers have a leading role in planning, designing, building and ensuring a sustainable future. Engineers provide the bridge between science and society. Engineers must actively promote and participate in multidisciplinary teams with other professionals, such as ecologists, economists, and sociologists. To effectively address the issues and challenges of sustainable development.

Civil engineering is the designing of community structures like roadways, buildings, tunnels, bridges, and sewage systems. Tasks are accomplished through an analysis of populations, infrastructures, capacity, and existing systems, and well as the organization of resources. Civil engineering is sometimes referred to as municipal engineering or construction engineering. Civil engineers investigate construction sites, make budgets, and design the structure to be built. Civil engineers are often on site organizing and supervising the delivery and use of materials, equipment, and human resources. Once completed, civil engineers are involved in the final inspection and in the process of turning the structure over to the community and those who will maintain it. The role of civil engineer will be discussed further detail in the following parts of this report. The role of engineer in government and private sector is varied with each other.

Tasks that are involved with Civil Engineering

Research the need for roads, airports, or other structures in a specific location. Prepare contracts Evaluate and recommend materials Conduct surveys Take photographs Design all the elements of a construction project Monitor project progress and handle challenges Obtain the appropriate permits and clearances Implement maintenance procedures and follow-up Prepare and present specifications Review bids from contractors Inspect work on an ongoing basis Conduct feasibility studies and environmental impact studies Take on client relations responsibilities Prepare and monitor budget

Areas of specialization in Civil Engineering

water resources environmental engineering municipal planning construction hydraulics transportation geotechnical engineering foundation analysis Transportation engineering architecture surveying building inspection structural engineering

Role of Civil Engineers in Government Sector

Civil engineer is very important in government sector. In government sector, civil engineer investigate the need for roads, buildings, water resources, bridges, tunnels, etc and then maintain and manage the structures.

Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia (JKR Malaysia) JKR Malaysia is a government department which acts as the main implementing agency in carrying out development projects throughout the country. The vision of JKR is to become a world-class service provider and centre of excellence in asset management, project management and engineering services for the development of nation's infrastructure through creative and innovative human capital and state-of-the-art technology.

Road Department
Civil engineers in Road Department are involved in design, construction, maintenance, and management of federal and state roads. They provide technical and advisory services to Ministry of Works and other government agencies in road project management and road maintenance. Role of civil engineer in Road Department: To plan, design, and build new roads and bridges To act as the implementation agency in constructing new roads To process and decide on the distribution of the fund to build and maintain the roads to State JKRs and local authorities. To maintain, manage, and improve all the federal roads, as well as coordinate the road maintenance concessions (programs). To prepare road standards as well advising State JKR directors on matters related to state roads. To give expert and technical advices to the Government and other government agencies on road matters.

Slope Engineering Department

The mission of Slope Engineering Department is to ensure safer slopes for the country by establishing the state-of-the-art in slope engineering. Formulate national policies on slopes by 2008 Cataloguing at least one thousand (1000) slopes per year using SMART system and produce hazard and risk maps. Formulate new standards and guidelines on maintenance for slopes by 2006. Promote public awareness on slope hazards starting 2006. Implement preventive maintenance on problematic slopes yearly. Ensure routine inspection of slopes twice a year and at anytime when there is a long period of heavy rainfall. Implement landslide Early Warning System by 2006. Develop a system on information management by next year. Provide technical consultancy on slope engineering as requested. Carry out forensic investigation on failed slopes as directed. Develop staff competency in slope engineering. Undertake research and development in slope engineering especially in tropical environment. Undertake major slope repair works.

Environment Department
Environment Department is responsible to ensure that development projects handled by JKR Malaysia do not create adverse impact to the Environment. The roles of civil engineer in Environment Department are: Monitoring and auditing Environmentally sensitive projects. Ensuring that projects handled by JKR Malaysia adhere to existing Environment acts, rules and guidelines. Developing Environment monitoring and auditing system. Drafting Environment policies for the department. Providing guidelines and checklists in the preparation of Environment Management Plan for JKR Malaysia projects especially in sensitive areas such as mangroves, hills and mountains, wetlands and water catchments. Updating contract documents, especially the specifications and contract drawings, to ensure Environment issues are taken care of.

Geotechnical & Structural Engineering Department

To safe infrastructure through efficient design and strategic improvement of civil engineering structures that include the protection of revering and coastal properties from soil erosion. To design and implement bridge projects. To carry out site and soil investigations and the structural design of all Government building projects. To coordinate with all the professional consultancy services in connection with the civil and structural engineering works for the wharf, jetty, river wall, bridge and building projects. To keep records and prepare specifications for the repairs of wharves, jetties, river walls, bridges and buildings. To provide technical advice and assistance to the JKR Divisional Offices in the maintenance and rehabilitation of existing bridges. To handle investigation of any failures of Government and public buildings, and subsequent follow-up tests such as structural integrity assessment as provided in Building Ordinance 1994. To provide advice and assistance to Local Authorities when required.

Building Department
Provides consultancy services and technical support to the various Government organizations, covering different aspects of architectural design, planning, project management, building construction, contract supervision and maintenance of Government Buildings. The roles of civil engineer in Environment Department are: To act as the implementation agency in constructing new buildings. To maintain, manage, and improve all the federal and state buildings. To solve the technical problem on site with the contractor. To ensure that a project runs smoothly and that the structure is completed on time and within budget. To review and approve project drawings. To Use range of design computer packages for designing projects and undertaking complex and repetitive calculations. Correcting any project deficiencies that affect production, quality and safety, requirements prior to final evaluation and project reviews. To certify estimates of work completed for payment of contractor.

Jabatan Pengaliran Saliran (JPS Malaysia)

JPS is a government department to manage water resources, river basins, flood risks and coastal zones to achieve environmental sustainability and enhanced quality of life. The objective of JPS is to provide engineering services which are beyond the capability of the target group itself and subsequently to ensure optimum land utilization and more efficient management of the nation's water resources. The roles of civil engineer in JPS are: To design the structure of water resources, drainage, tidal gate, flood barrier dam and etc. To maintain, manage, and improve the drainage, flood barrier, tidal gate and etc. To solve the technical problem on site with the contractor. To ensure that a project runs smoothly and that the structure is completed on time and within budget. To review and approve project drawings. To certify estimates of work completed for payment of contractor.

Local Council
Local Council is a council to plan, develop, administer and manage the local area or city. The roles of civil engineer in Local Council are: To design the structure. To prepare the tender documents, bill of Quantities and tender drawings. To think both creatively and logically to resolve design and development problems. To manage budgets and other project resources. To plan and control city development. To manage public housing. To solve the technical problem on site with the contractor. To ensure that a project runs smoothly and that the structure is completed on time and within budget. To review and approve project drawings. To certify estimates of work completed for payment of contractor.

Syarikat Perumahan Negara Berhad (SPNB)

Established on 21 August 1997 as a wholly owned subsidiary of the Minister Of Finance Incorporated (MOf Inc.) Pproviding quality affordable homes for every family in Malaysia in accordance with the National Housing . SPNB is responsible in implementing Rumah Mampu Milik Programme and the Rumah Mesra Rakyat Programme to ensure those low income groups are able to affordably own comfortable homes. The roles of civil engineer in Local Council are: To prepare the tender documents, bill of Quantities and tender drawings. To manage budgets and other project resources. To solve the technical problem on site with the contractor. To ensure that a project runs smoothly and that the structure is completed on time and within budget. To review and approve project drawings. To certify estimates of work completed for payment of contractor.

The role of civil engineer in private sector

Planner Planning provides a method of identifying objectives and designing a sequence of program & activities to achieve objectives. As a planner they must know some planning concepts such as: Responsibility for planning. Planning premises Planning horizon System of planning Policies and procedures It is important that planners understand the role of: Regulations Primary infrastructure Land taxation Shaping the spatial development of cities Impacting the price of land and floor space Allowing economic growth

Consultant
Consultants are considered to be specialist and experts in their field who give advice and guidance to organizations and companies. This development has not been welcome by certain government, council and local authority employees. Consultants can typically be found is very wide, for instance management, technology, law, accountancy etc.

Types of work consultants perform

Advising on issues like best practice Cost cutting measures, Specialists in new workplace technology Provide a service in a field of specialized knowledge or training Seek opportunities to be of service in civic affairs Develop creative design for solving novel problems To ensure that the intellectual property of employers and clients is protected