1.

The following table summarizes the analysis of samples of galvanized steel for coating weight and surface roughness:

a. If the coating weight of a sample is high, what is the probability that the surface roughness is high? b. If the surface roughness of a sample is high, what is the probability that the coating weight is high? c. If the surface roughness of a sample is low, what is the probability that the coating weight is low? 2. A lot of 100 semiconductor chips contains 20 that are defective. Two are selected randomly, without replacement, from the lot. a. What is the probability that the first one selected is defective? b. What is the probability that the second one selected is defective given that the first one was defective? c. What is the probability that both are defective? d. How does the answer to part (b) change if chips selected were replaced prior to the next selection? 3. The edge roughness of slit paper products increases as knife blades wear. Only 1% of products slit with new blades have rough edges, 3% of products slit with blades of average sharpness exhibit roughness, and 5% of products slit with worn blades exhibit roughness. If 25% of the blades in manufacturing are new, 60% are of average sharpness, and 15% are worn, what is the proportion of products that exhibit edge roughness? 4. Incoming calls to a customer service center are classified as complaints (75% of call) or requests for information (25% of calls). Of the complaints, 40% deal with computer equipment that does not respond and 57% deal with incomplete software installation; and in the remaining 3% of complaints the user has improperly followed the installation instructions. The requests for information are evenly divided on technical questions (50%) and requests to purchase more products (50%). a. What is the probability that an incoming call to the customer service center will be from a customer who has not followed installation instructions properly? b. Find the probability that an incoming call is a request for purchasing more products.

5. Samples of a cast aluminum part are classified on the basis of surface finish (in microinches) and length measurements. The results of 100 parts are summarized as follows:

Let A denote the event that a sample has excellent surface finish, and let B denote the event that a sample has excellen length. Are events A and B independent? 6. The following circuit operates if and only if there is a path of functional devices from left to right. The probability that each device functions is as shown. Assume that the probability that a device is functional does not depend on whether or not other devices are functional. What is the probability that the circuit operates?

7. The following circuit operates if and only if there is a path of functional devices from left to right. The probability each device functions is as shown. Assume that the probability that a device functions does not depend on whether or not other devices are functional. What is the probability that the circuit operates?

8. A new analytical method to detect pollutants in water is being tested. This new method of chemical analysis is important because, if adopted, it could be used to detect three different contaminantsorganic pollutants, volatile solvents, and chlorinated compoundsinstead of having to use a single test for each pollutant. The makers of the test claim that it can detect high levels of organic pollutants with 99.7% accuracy, volatile solvents with 99.95% accuracy, and chlorinated compounds with 89.7% accuracy. If a pollutant is not present, the test does not signal. Samples are prepared for the calibration of the test and 60% of them are contaminated with organic pollutants, 27% with volatile solvents, and 13% with traces of chlorinated compounds. A test sample is selected randomly. a. What is the probability that the test will signal? b. If the test signals, what is the probability that chlorinated compounds are present?