Classification of Inmates: An Aid to effective Rehabilitative Treatment Introduction: Proper classification is crucial to the efficient application of treatment because

offenders are a diverse group, possessing a variety of behavioral issues and styles, as well as varying states of psychological health. In order to provide the most effective treatment, inmate needs to asses at a classification centre. Treatment is effectiveness is thought to be maximized by matching inmate needs with the proper treatment modality. Prison classification is a method of evaluating inmate behaviors that determine whether or not those are in high-risk. Once admitted, the offenders are put through a series of evaluations, including health and medical screenings, prior arrest surveys, and other behavioral testing. Specialist then assigns a profile to each inmates, their offending crime, and social background work history, and criminal record. Like the classification of inmates practiced in America. The earliest and the one that is most commonly used is risk assessment, used to assign inmates is the needs assessment, used to record staff assessment of prisoners problems, as well as the magnitude of these problems. Needs assessment are particularly essential for inmate re-entry programs. A third possible classification is the risk/needs assessment. It includes such factors as criminal history, educational employment, leisure/recreation activities, companions alcohol/drug use, and emotional or personal sate. Even when inmates have been classified according to risk and needs assessment there is important consideration of their treatment amenability or likelihood of achieving success in the program, which is defined as the responsibility principle. This research is basically intended to study the classification of inmates as an aid to effective correctional treatment. The paper is will enhance the knowledge of criminology students about rehabilitative process, theories, and principles which are vital in their chosen career. This paper will enable the proponent, to acquire additional knowledge. This section discusses problems that any classification system must address for female inmates. Inadequate Housing to match Classification needs, for classification system to be effective, appropriate housing options must exist (Towler 1993). Yet housing for women often appears inadequate in jails designed primarily

for male inmates. Female housing is often seen a lower priority than the male housing and often appears to be an afterthought in mixed-gender jails. Jails that have not yet adopted objective classification techniques must rely on traditional subjective classification. This style of classification is highly consistent and in crowded condition often degenerates into space available housing assignments. Inappropriate physical environment, a second problem in jails is that the physical security imposed on many female inmates is often excessive most female inmates do not warrant physical hard high security detention, and such surroundings may send an inappropriate message to person who interact with or visit these women particularly family and children. Many have argued that high-security physical surroundings are not an appropriate environment for family visits. Inadequate Assessment for Community and Rehabilitation Programs a weakness of current jail classification systems is there inadequate assessment of the social and habilitation needs of female inmates. This weakness undermines the ability to differentiate between women who need secure confinement and those who could safely be placed in community program (Chesney 1992). The poor development of classification to guide placement in community programs is surprising since most statistical evidence suggests women have much lower risk of escape or violence that men, but more severe social, educational, vocational, and family needs inadequate assess to treatment, work, and vocational programs, the effectiveness of classification is undermined by unavailability of programs, inadequate programs, or assignment to inappropriate program. Access to programs in many jails is limited by overcrowding, excessive demand, insufficient resources and lack of emphasis on programs. Research has shown that program participation for both male and female jail inmates-is much lower than the numbers of inmates needing programs (e.g. Forcier 1995). Program and service deficiencies in jail are particular severe in those areas are either more serious or argue to females ( e.g. certain medical services, substance abuse programs, educational and vocational training, child care, child visitation, preparation for sentry into the community, a social survival skills). The most serious charge against gender-neutral classification tool is that they over classify female inmates (Nesbitt 1984). Over classification may also occur because current scoring of womens violence does not take into account two qualifying factors. First, women with serious violent offenses are often accessories and not leaders or instigators. Second, a large percentage of female violence occurs in long term relationships, which is unlikely to generalize to the public at large.

Objectives: The researchers of this study Classification of Inmates an Aid to Effective rehabilitative Treatment focus on four objectives to understand its meaning effectiveness and its purpose. 1. To identify inmates classification strategy adopted by Batangas city Jail. 2. To asses level of implementation of the procedures in classification of inmates in Batangas City Jail. 3. To evaluate the impact of the inmates classification procedure to the rehabilitation and reformation of the prisoners in Batangas City Jail.

Paradigm:

Classification System of Inmates

Level of Implementation

Effective Rehabilitation Treatment

Figure 1 Significance of the Study: The researcher feel the necessity of conducting this research on how the classification be done. Base on this research we can determine the effectiveness of rehabilitative treatment and or/can it affect to their lives; if it implemented stricter to the inmates. They believed that the present study will be beneficial to the following. To the jail bureau for them to operate effectively and efficiently base on the result of this study and modify program and policy implement if necessary. To jail officer, the research study will be a great help for them in order to attain the effectiveness and consistent implementation of policies in classifying inmates in relation to rehabilitative treatment. To the inmates, this study will help them to know how they were classified for their progress and improvement and the theories behind why classification is really a part of rehabilitative treatment. To LPU, as an institution which concerns community development, for them to provide assistance to inmates and to the bureau their need regarding classification of inmates and their rehabilitative treatment. To the criminology student, this study is very important to them to enhance the knowledge of the students regarding rehabilitative treatment. This study will help them in understanding of proper classification of inmates in relation to rehabilitative treatment and be also a guide for their future research study. Shows the classification system of inmates administered in jail its level of its implementation and its impact rehabilitative treatment.

Conceptual Framework: Since the primary aim of this study was to focus on the jail and find out if the classification system really works in Batangas City Jail, a descriptive method of the research was used. It is the study that focuses on the effects of classification to inmates and the effective rehabilitative treatment. A 1970 Rhode Island, classification is essential to the operation of an orderly and safe prison. It is a prerequisite for the rational allocation of whatever program opportunities exist within the institution. It enables the institution to gauge the proper custody level of an inmate, to identify the inmates education, vocational, and psychological needs, and to separate non-violent inmates from the more predatory. Classification is also indispensable for my coherent future planning.

Related literature: 1. Identify inmates classification strategy adopted by Batangas City Jail Classification, or the evaluative process by which housing decisions are made ,is the primary management tool to aid in providing appropriate responses to this widely diverse inmate population . Classification determines the degree of supervision required to control each inmate to ensure the security of institution and the safety of the community. Over all the property functioning classification system has been found to provide the basis for effective correctional environment, while also ensuring there equitable human treatment. Prisoner is classified and designated by security level. The security levels used by the division of prisons are closed, medium and minimum. Specific cell areas within closed security institutions maybe designated by the director of prison as maximum security. Security levels are determined by the design and unique features of the prison, the level of staffing, and the operating procedures. The prison security level is an indicator of the extent to which an offender who is assigned to that facility is separated from the civilian community .The maximum security units are utilized to confine the most dangerous inmates who're severe threat to the public safety, correctional staff, and other inmates .In inmates security, the inmate movement is restricted and supervised by correctional staff because they are the type of hazardous inmates. They are allowed out of their cells to work or attend corrective programs inside the facility .At the medium security, there is less supervision and control over the internal movement of the inmates. Minimum security is less supervision and control over inmates in the dormitories. Also inmates may participate in pre release transition program with community volunteers and family sponsor. (http:www.mcscs.jus.gov.on.ca/)

emotion and physical condition. As stated by Tim Brennan, 2009.Few studies have the impact objective classification on organizational and political dynamics of jail. 1.1 Impact on supervision style and monitoring of performance levels, classification data errors, and work load levels, over or under classification error levels, override rates, links between classification and discipline problems, population security profiles and other. This, in turn, enhances the potential for management to use this data fort informative feedback to staff, monitoring and overt control over the staff. 1.2Impact on dependency levels within the jail, new objective classification procedures may profoundly influence decision-making authority, access to new information. Some decisions, at both line and management levels, may become more dependent on the information produced by classification. Security decisions, housing movements, community access program eligibility and others, become more dependent on the classification, as the new system gain in credibility, and are seen as providing critical documentation for certain decisions. Staff in other jail units (e.g. security) may become more defendants on classification units for timely provision of data. 1.3. Impact on the size of classification unit and the numbers of hierarchical levels, the classification methods particularly if automated, may transform the efficiency of line work and suggest new ways of classification data, and new data analysis procedure. They ultimately may change the size and structure of the classification unit. Though must be given to this issue during the implementation effort. 3. Evaluate the impact of the inmates classification procedure to the rehabilitation and reformation of the prisoners in Batangas city jail. On the study conducted by Adante, 2003, it was concluded that the service offered by Lipa city jail were not so good and it is not conducive to speedy rehabilitation of inmates which prompted their recommendation to have a closer look to the rehabilitation of inmates at Lipa city jail services and programs to lead them to morally upright and productive life .criminal rehabilitation is gaining popularity among many who forward thinking. Such form of rehabilitation can help to reduce the number of repeat offenders who return to jail being unable to adopt the life outside of jail. This is also help to solve some of the more serious cases .Such as sexual offenders who may continue in their ways after being release, preying on women or children. It can alas help to solve problem of overcrowding in most prisons. the criminal population continues growing, as the death penalty has been abolished. And

2. Level of implementation of the procedures in classification of inmates. When program are properly implemented and coordinated, it will be greatly appreciated and adopted by each inmates (Adante, 2003).according to Castillo, 2003,in his conclusion ,female detainees perceived that the programs implemented in Batangas City Jail are very effective to their rehabilitation and significant to their

the state would need to spend more on facilities to house criminals .education is one of the ways which this positive was affected .It is offered within the prison to allow the prisoners to upgrade the story relevant to changing society outside the prison walls this, prisoners are given opportunity to increase their content knowledge base. This is essential as studies show that many inmates do not had basic grade school education. These would severely impede their success of acquiring jobs ,Thus many had to turn a life of crime .Basic criminal relation programs ensure that there is a standard level of literary amongst the inmates are socially well adjust. Psychological assessments being meted to test for mental or physical disabilities that led to their incarceration in the first place .Should the inmates be ready and willing to accept counseling and assessment, many of them are able to return to society as relatively well-balance individuals. rehabilitation has many positive benefits and can impact the lives of many inmates as well as their families .It can help with wider social issues as well, such as reducing discrimination and stigma.(http:Enzine article.com/?expert=Moses Wright).

Procedure This study was conceptualized by the researchers through the help of their adviser, where books, journal, manuals, and unpublished materials and internet were used as their reference. After the modifications and approval of the adviser, panelist and concerned individuals, the researchers then distributed the questionnaire for validation. Instruments The main instruments for this study are a self made questionnaire based on the related literature. Interview method was used also by the researchers. Questionnaire has 3 parts. Part 1 consist of different classification strategies, part 2 was the level of implementation and the last part consist of the procedure as gathered by the jail officers inside the jail institution.

Method Design This study used the descriptive correction method of research. This method describes and integrates what exist. Descriptive research provides systematic description that is factual and accurate as possible. (Shuttleworth, 2008). Subjects of the study The researchers utilized 50% of the total population of inmates and 100% of total population of jail officers. Part I

Questionnaires

How do you rate the different classification strategies at the Batangas City Jail? In order to express yourself, use scale as: Papaano mo mamarkahan ang ibat-ibang stratehiya ng klasipikasyon sa Batangas City Jail? Para malaman ang iyong kasagutan, markahan mo ang sarili gamit ang mga sumusunod: 4 Strongly agree (Mahigpi na sumasang-ayon) 3 Agree (Sumasang-ayon) 2 Disagree (Mahigpit na hindi sumasang-ayon) 1 Strongly Disagree (Hinding-hinsi sumasang-ayon) (SA) (A) (DA) (SD)

Different Classification Strategies (Ibat-ibang stratehiya ng klasipikasyon) 1. Age (Edad) Separate male from female (Paghihiwalay ng lalaki sa bababe) Crime committed (Uri ng krimeng ginawa)

(SA) 4

(A) 3

(DA) 2

(SD) 1

Papaano mo mamarkahan ang antas sa pagpapatupad ng klasipikasyon sa mga bilanggo na isinasagawa ng Batangas City Jail? Para malaman ang inyong kasagutan, markahan mo ang iyong sarili gamit ang mga sumusunod: 4 Strictly implemented (Mahigpit na ipinapatupad) 3 Implemented (Ipinapatupad) 2 Slightly implemented (Hindi masyadong ipinapatupad) 1 Not implemented (Hindi ipinapatupad Level of Implementation (Antas ng Implementasyon) 1. Age (Edad) Separate male from female (Paghihiwalay ng lalaki sa bababe) Crime committed (Uri ng krimeng ginawa) Classified according to the length of sentence (Klasipikasyon batay sa haba ng sentensya) Separate from ethnic, culture and religious group (Ihiwalay mula sa etniko, kultura, at relihiyong pinaniniwalaan) (SI) (I) (SI) (NI)

2.

3.

4.

Classified according to the length of sentence (Klasipikasyon batay sa haba ng sentensya) Separate from ethnic, culture and religious group (Ihiwalay mula sa etniko, kultura at relihiyong pinaniniwalaan) Severity of current convictions and escape history (Seguridad ng kasalukuyang paghatol at kasaysayan ng pagtakas) Separate from compulsive behavior (Ihiwalay mula sa mapilit na pag-uugali)

(SI) 4

(I) 3

(SI) 2

(NI) 1

5.

2.

6.

3.

7.

4.

Part II How do you rate the level of implementation of the procedures in classification of inmates administered in Batangas City Jail? In order to express yourself use scale as:

5.

6.

Severity of current convictions and escape history (Seguridad ng kasalukuyang paghatol at kasaysayan ng pagtakas) Separate from compulsive behavior (Ihiwalay mula sa mapilit na pag-uugali)

3.

Strict control of firearms in jail (Mahigpit na control sa mga firearms sa bilangguan) Conduct frequent surprise searches (Magsagawa ng biglaang paghahanap) Authorized disciplinary punishment is imposed equally among inmates (Awtorisadong pagpaparusa na ipinapataw ng pantay sa mga bilanggo) Poor system of rehabilitation for inmates (Mahinang sistema ng rehabilitasyon para sa mga bilanggo)

7.

4.

Part III Below are the possible procedures on the rehabilitation and reformation of the prisoners in Batangas City Jail. Put a check on the space which corresponds to your answer using the legend below. Ang mga sumusunod sy posibleng pamamaraan sa rehabilitasyon at repormasyon ng mga bilanggo sa Batangas City Jail. LAgyan ng tsek ang puwang ng tamang sagot gamit ang mga sumusunod. 4 Highly effective (Epektibong-epektibo) 3 Effective (Epektibo) 2 Slightly effective (Hindi gaanong epekibo) 1 Not effective (HE) (E) (SE) (NE)

5.

6.

Procedure (Pamamaraan) 1. Maximum security for the non-bailable and bailable inmates (Pinakamataas na seguridad para sa non-bailable at bailable na mga bilanggo) Maintaining 24hrs. supervision (Pagpapanatili ng 24 oras na pagbabantay)

(HE) 4

(E) 3

(SE) 2

(NE) 1

2.