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CORRELATION OF SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE, SELF-ESTEEM AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF ELDERLY OF BARANGAY ZAPATERA AND COGON

Jose Rexanie Lepiten, Sarah Jane Ladera, Irene Legaspi, Lady Xyza Maturan, Ms. Marigold Kristine Uy, RN MN

Rationale Everyone needs others for sharing, caring and support. Belongingness is among the basic needs of human beings. This need is fulfilled by social institutions like family, neighbourhood and society. Acceptance of significant others and society are crucial for the self-esteem and well-being (Cooley, 1936 & Mead, 1937). Ageing refers to a multidimensional process of physical, psychological, and social change. Research shows that even late in life, potential exists for physical, mental, and social growth and development. It should realize that interacting with others is way for them to channel their desire to still be a part from society (Leary, 1995). In the Philippines, the 2011 census of the country enumerated about 4.4 million persons aged 65 years and over which account for (1.9 million males and 2.5 million females). This number represents 4.3% (102 million) of the elderly that of the total population (Central Intelligence Agency). The growing population of the elderly suggests the inquiry for quality. The attention was brought to self-esteem, quality of life and social acceptance. Hence, there is a need for us to take a look on a minute detail, the essence of these factors contributing to such behaviors. With this, the impetus for the study stems from the curiosity for the important pieces within the context of society that will able to give them a satisfactory aging process. Theoretical Background Sociometer theory proposed that selfesteem is essentially a psychological meter, or gauge, that monitors the peoples relationships with others (Leary, 1995). This psychological mechanism- the sociometer environmentcontinuously monitors the social environment for cues regarding the degree to which the individual is being accepted versus rejected by other people (Leary, 2003 & Anthony, 2007). Sociometer theory explains that the true function of self-esteem is to minimize the chances of rejection in society. Self-esteem measures the traits a person have according to how socially acceptable they are, how these qualities integrate them into society and of how desirable one would be to other people

and this is influenced by ones self-esteem (Leary 1999 & Anthony 2007). Disengagement theory asserts that aging is characterized by gradual disengagement from society and relationship. The society and older people engage in a beneficial process of reciprocal withdrawal to maintain social equilibrium. Acceptance to the society was one of the factors for elderly to be disconnected with the society, as social support of the elderly and quality of life were somehow for them disengaged in the society (Cumming & Henry, 1961; Mauk, 2008). The process of social and psychological withdrawal is to be explained as much by psychological events indigenous to the individual as by societal reactions related to exclusion from social life of the society. The key idea of disengagement theory is that the disengagement process is not only an affinity of successful aging through life satisfaction but also a probably condition of it. Quality of life theory by Brown (2004) deals with satisfaction of life. Being satisfied means feeling that life is the way it should be (Ventegodt, 2003). When one's expectations of needs, and desires in life are being met by the surrounding world, then one is satisfied thus addressing the need of ones esteem. The concept would be the basis in determining of how the quality of life affects ones self-esteem and vice versa. Quality of life has also been studied as a conceptualization of subjective well-being. Methodology Research Design The study will be utilizing non-experimental quantitative research design, specifically a descriptive correlational research design. A correlational study is a quantitative method of research in which it have two or more quantitative variables from the same group of subjects and the study is trying to determine if there is a significant relationship between the two variables. Setting and Sample To identify respondents in the study, purposive sampling, will be used, specifically maximum sampling. Purposive sampling is defined as the

selection of units entirely depending on choice of the investigator (Agarwal, 2005; Bordario & Suzara, 2011). This type sampling is appropriate for the study since total population of the locale is chosen as sample.

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Anthony, D. B. (2007).Social acceptance and self-esteem: Tuning the sociometer to interpersonal value (Unpublished dissertation). University of Waterloo, Ontario Canada. Anthony, D., Wood, J., &Holmes, J. (2006).Testing sociometer theory: Self-esteem and the importance of acceptance for social decision-making. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2006.03.002 Howe, C. (1987). Selected social gerontology theories and older adult leisure involvement: A review of the literature. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 6. doi: 10.1177/073346488700600407 Leary, M. R. (1999). Making sense of self esteem. Current directions in psychological science 8(1), 32-35. doi: 10.1111/14678721.0028 Leary, M. R., Haupt, A. L., Strausser, K. S., & Chokel, J. L. (1998). Calibrating the sociometer: The relationship between interpersonal appraisals and state self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1290 1299. Mauk, K. L. (2010). Gerontological nursing: competencies for care. (2. ed.). Boston: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Print. Mead, G. H. (1934). Mind, self, and society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Polit, D., & Beck, C. (2008).Resource manual to accompany nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice (8thed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. Naing, M.N., Nanthamongkolchai, S., & Munsawaengsub, C. (2010). Quality of life of the Elderly People in Einme Township Irrawaddy Division, Myanmar. Asia Journal of Public Health, 1(2). Retrieved from http://www.ASIAPH.org Sarvimaki, A. (2010). Quality of life in old age described as a sense of well-being, meaning and value. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 2000, 32(4), 1025-1033. Retrieved from http://www.blackwellpublishing.com Ventegodt, S., Merrick, J.,& Anderson, N.J. (2003).Quality of life theory II. Quality of life as the realization of life potential: A biological theory of human being. The Scientific World

The prime research settings for this study will be conducted at Barangay Cogon and Barangay Zapatera located at Ramos Street, Cebu City Data Gathering Procedures To begin the data collection, a transmittal letter will be given to the Barangay Captain of both Barangay Zapatera and Cogon (see Appendix B). After the transmittal letter will be approved, the Data Collection Team will do an IEC campaign (disseminate information) in the research locale to gather all the older persons a week before the specified date and time, wherein administration of the questionnaires will take place. In cases wherein, only a selected amount of respondents would attend meeting, the data collection team would have to do an ocular survey for they would make house to house implementation of the instruments. Then a screening process will be done, to find residents who are eligible for the criteria to be the respondents of the study. Nonetheless, it will be emphasized, as predetermined on the cover head of the questionnaire would imply their consent to participate on the study and their participation in the study would be of their benefit. In time of data collection, the researchers will be in attendance during the administration of research instrument to facilitate the respondents in answering the questionnaire given as well as helping to clarify the technical points of the instrument which they may have difficulty in understanding. Participants were debriefed. They were given instructions not to discuss the study with anyone in the community who would be likely to be taking part in the study in the near future. Finally, a token of appreciation will be given to each of the respondents in participating in the study and dismissed. Data Gathering Analysis Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Linear Regression are primary tests to be used in the study. PPMC is used to find out whether the variables have indeed a significant relationship to each other. Linear Regression is done to predict the highest possible factor that has strong interrelationship amongst the variables. References

Journal, 3. doi: 10.1100/TSW.2003.83 Acknowledgement We would like to thank our research instructor Mr. Cyril Amoin, RN MN and for our research adviser Ms. Marigold Kristine Uy RN MN for their unique way of teaching us vital things in undergoing the research process and for their dedication to bring out the best of the researchers. Corresponding Author Jose Rexanie G. Lepiten Jr.