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Loading
The Loading portion of the TEEP Metric represents the percentage of time that an operation is scheduled to operate compared to the total Calendar Time that is available. The Loading Metric is a pure measurement of Schedule Effectiveness and is designed to exclude the effects how well that operation may perform. Calculation: Loading = Scheduled Time / Calendar Time Example: A given Work Center is scheduled to run 5 Days per Week, 24 Hours per Day. For a given week, the Total Calendar Time is 7 Days at 24 Hours. Loading = (5 days x 24 hours) / (7 days x 24 hours) = 71.4%
Availability
The Availability portion of the OEE Metric represents the percentage of scheduled time that the operation is available to operate. The Availability Metric is a pure measurement of Uptime that is designed to exclude the effects of Quality, Performance, and Scheduled Downtime Events. Calculation: Availability = Available Time / Scheduled Time Example: A given Work Center is scheduled to run for an 8 hour (480 minute) shift. The normal shift includes a scheduled 30 minute break when the Work Center is expected to be down. The Work Center experiences 60 minutes of unscheduled downtime. Scheduled Time = 480 min 30 min break = 450 Min Available Time = 450 min Scheduled 60 min Unscheduled Downtime = 390 Min Availability = 390 Avail Min / 450 Scheduled Min = 87%
Performance
The Performance portion of the OEE Metric represents the speed at which the Work Center runs as a percentage of its designed speed. The Performance Metric is a pure measurement of speed that is designed to exclude the effects of Quality and Availability. Calculation: Performance = (Parts Produced * Ideal Cycle Time) / Available Time Example: A given Work Center is scheduled to run for an 8 hour (480 minute) shift with a 30 minute scheduled break. Available Time = 450 Min Sched 60 Min Unsched Downtime = 390 Minutes The Standard Rate for the part being produced is 40 Units/Hour or 1.5 Minutes/Unit The Work Center produces 242 Total Units during the shift. Note: The basis is Total Units, not Good Units. The Performance metric does not penalize for Quality. Time to Produce Parts = 242 Units * 1.5 Minutes/Unit = 363 Minutes Performance = 363 Minutes / 390 Minutes = 93.0%
Quality
The Quality portion of the OEE Metric represents the Good Units produced as a percentage of the Total Units Started. The Quality Metric is a pure measurement of Process Yield that is designed to exclude the effects of Availability and Performance. Calculation: Quality = Good Units / Units Started Example: A given Work Center produces 230 Good Units during a shift. 242 Units were started in order to produce the 230 Good Units. Quality = 230 Good Units / 242 Units Started = 95.0%
Inductive Automation, Inductive Automation,[3] FactoryMetrics,[4] ActivPlant (acquired by CDC software), Capstone Metrics,[5] Plantnode by Shoplogix,[6] Informance (acquired by Solarsoft), Parsec Automation,[7] Zarpac Performance Index,[8] RS-Production (developed by Good Solution AB),[9] Memex Automation Inc.,[10] Provideam,[11] PerformOEE[12] from OEEsystems and EIT from Sidel Engineering EIT efficiency improvement tool,[13] Manifact Cause Findr Manifact CauseFindr,[14] Vorne Industries XL Appliances,[15] Idhammar OEE Systems[16] from Idhammar Systems Ltd, ProduMax from Live Monitoring.[17], AssetManager from InfoServe365[18]
Further reading
Koch, Arno (2007), "OEE for the Production Team", FullFact, ISBN 978-90-78210-08-5 (Dutch: 978-90-78210-07-8, German: 9-783940-775-04-7) Productivity Press Development Team (1999), "OEE for Operators: Overall Equipment Effectiveness", Productivity Press, ISBN 978-1-56327-221-9 Hansen, Robert C (2005), Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE), Industrial Press, ISBN (978-0-8311-)3237-8 Dwyer, John (2008), OEE The Great Energy Saving", The Manufacturer, February 2008 pp. 52 55 [19] France, Alan (2010), "Delivering on the Promise of OEE; Best Practice Implementation [20]", Idhammar Systems France, Alan (2010), "Making the Business Case for an OEE System; The Operational and Financial Return on Investment [21]"
OEE as a heuristic
OEE is useful as a heuristic, but can break down in several circumstances. For example, it may be far more costly to run a facility at certain times. Performance and quality may not be independent of each other or of availability and loading. Experience may develop over time. OEE has properties of a geometric mean. As such it punishes variability among its subcomponents. For example 20% * 80% = 16%, whereas 50% * 50% = 25%. When there are asymmetric costs associated with one or more of the components, then the model may become less appropriate. Consider a system where the cost of error is exceptionally high. In such a condition, higher quality may be far more important in a proper evaluation of effectiveness than performance or availability. OEE also to some extent assumes a closed system and a potentially static one. If one can bring in additional resources (or lease out unused resources to other projects or business units) then it may be more appropriate for example to use an expected net present value analysis. Variability in flow also can introduce important costs and risks that may merit further modeling. Sensitivity analysis and measures of change may be helpful.
References
[1] Automation and Control (http:/ / www2. schneider-electric. com/ sites/ corporate/ en/ products-services/ automation-control/ products-offer/ range-presentation. page?p_function_id=25& p_family_id=5441& p_range_id=2292). Schneider Electric. Retrieved on 19 October 2011. [2] (http:/ / www. declercqsolutions. eu/ ). www.declercqsolutions.eu Retrieved on 9 February 2012. [3] MES Software OEE Downtime Module Overview (http:/ / www. inductiveautomation. com/ mes-software/ oee-software). Inductive Automation. Retrieved on 19 October 2011. [4] Qualisys Software and Technologies Factory Metrics (http:/ / www. qualisyss. com/ en/ factorymetrics. html). Qualisys.com. Retrieved on 19 October 2011. [5] OEE Calculation Software by Capstone Metrics (http:/ / www. capstonemetrics. com). Capstonemetrics.com. Retrieved on 19 October 2011. [6] Manufacturing Software For Manufacturing Profitability (http:/ / www. shoplogix. com/ ). Shoplogix. Retrieved on 19 October 2011. [7] Real-Time Manufacturing Operations and Performance Management Software by Parsec TrakSYS (http:/ / www. parsec-corp. com). Parsec-corp.com. Retrieved on 19 October 2011. [8] Zarpac Performance Index Downtime OEE system fueling Continuous Improvement and Six Sigma Goals in manufacturing and processing facilities (http:/ / www. zarpacpi. com). Zarpacpi.com (24 November 2010). Retrieved on 19 October 2011. [9] GOOD SOLUTIONS AB Lnsamhet genom uppfljning av TAK, OEE och produktionseffektivitet (http:/ / www. goodsolutions. se). Goodsolutions.se. Retrieved on 19 October 2011. [10] Memex Automation (http:/ / www. memex. ca). Memex.ca. Retrieved on 19 October 2011. [11] OEE software for extra productivity in manufacturing UK, Ireland and worldwide (http:/ / www. Provideam. com). Provideam. Retrieved on 19 October 2011. [12] PerformOEE OEE Software from the OEE experts (http:/ / www. OEEsystems. com). Oeesystems.com. Retrieved on 19 October 2011. [13] Efficiency Improvement Tool (EIT) (http:/ / www. sidel-ec. com/ index. php?option=com_content& view=category& layout=blog& id=47& Itemid=75& lang=en). Sidel-ec.com. Retrieved on 19 October 2011. [14] Manifact AB Improve faster (http:/ / www. manifact. com). Manifact.com. Retrieved on 19 October 2011. [15] XL Productivity Appliance (http:/ / www. vorne. com/ xl/ ). Vorne.com. Retrieved on 19 October 2011. [16] Discover your hidden factory with Idhammar OEE Software (http:/ / www. idhammarsystems. com/ oee). Idhammarsystems.com. Retrieved on 19 October 2011. [17] Products (http:/ / www. livemonitoring. co. za/ products/ Produmax. html). Livemonitoring.co.za. Retrieved on 19 October 2011 [18] (http:/ / www. infoserve365. com/ ). www.infoserve365.com Retrieved on 5 January 2012. [19] http:/ / www. idhammarsystems. com/ uploaded_images/ docs/ t4p44c6OEE_%20The%20Great%20Saving_The%20Manufactuer_Web. pdf [20] http:/ / www. idhammarsystems. com/ uploaded_images/ docs/ t3p85c6IDH_Best%20Practice%20Implementation_OEE%20Whitepaper4_March2010. pdf [21] http:/ / www. idhammarsystems. com/ uploaded_images/ docs/ t3p31c4IDH_Business%20Case%20for%20OEE%20Systems_SILT_OEE%20Whitepaper3_March2010. pdf
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