SUBMITTED TO: Prof.

GEETANJALI KAPOOR

SUBMITTED BY: ASHWAJIT S DHAWARAL (19)

What do you understand by Communication Process? What is one way Communication? And what is two way Communication? Explain Oral and Written communication channel with example?

What do you understand by Organizational Communication? Explain Upward Communication Downward and Horizontal Communication? How are these types of communication managed? The term 'Communication' has been derived from the Latin word 'communis' that means 'common'. Thus 'to communicate' means 'to make common' or 'to make known'. This act of making common and known is carried out through exchange of thoughts, ideas or the like. The exchange of thoughts and ideas can be had by gestures, signs, signals, speech or writing.
Definition-

Communication is a process of transferring information from one entity to another.

It is the art and technique of using words effectively to impart information or ideas. It is the exchange of thoughts, messages or information as by speech, signals, writing, or behavior.

Communication Process

The communication process is a simple model that demonstrates all the factors that can affect communication. Communication is effective if the message that is received is the same one that is sent. Communication Process and the Key Elements: A. Sender The communicator or sender is the person who is sending the message. There are two factors that will determine how effective the communicator will be. The first factor is the communicators attitude. It must be positive. The second factor is the communicators selection of meaningful symbols, or selecting the right symbols depending on your audience and the right environment. Talk about a few wrong examples B. Message A communication in writing, in speech, or by signals C. Receiver The receiver is simply the person receiving the message, making sense of it, or understanding and translating it into meaning. Now think about this for a moment: the receiver is also a communicator. Communication is only successful when the reaction of the receiver is that which the communicator intended. Effective communication takes place with shared meaning and understanding. D. Feedback Feedback is that reaction I just mentioned. It can be a verbal or nonverbal reaction or response. It can be external feedback (something we see) or internal feedback (something we cant see), like self-examination. Its the feedback that allows the communicator to adjust his message and be more effective. Without feedback, there would be no way of knowing if meaning had been shared or if understanding had taken place. Encoding: verbal and non-verbal convention of communication Decoding: reading by the receiver of the encoding done by the messenger Channel: the means of communication

One way communication

As you now know, communication refers to any process used to get a message across. As the following model shows one way communication involves a Sender, a Receiver, a message and a delivery medium.

The last activity you were involved in was an example of one way communication.
The sender

This is the person or group sending the message.

The receiver

The receiver is the person or group for whom the message is intended.
The message

What you are trying so say. Messages cover a whole range of things including: Information, rules, jobs waiting to be completed, training etc.
The delivery medium

This is the method the sender chooses to pass on or deliver their message

Two way communication

A live 2 way communication system is a system composed of two connected parties or devices that can communicate with one another in both directions. The information goes out to a person on the other end. There is a sender and a receiver. Simply put, two-way communication is getting your message across to the receiver. It is the senders responsibility to make sure that the receiver gets the message and that the message received is the one sent.

Oral Communication
Oral communication implies communication through mouth. It includes individuals conversing with each other, be it direct conversation or telephonic conversation. Speeches, presentations, discussions are all forms of oral communication. Oral communication is generally recommended when the communication matter is of temporary kind or where a direct interaction is required. Face to face communication (meetings, lectures, conferences, interviews, etc.) is significant so as to build a rapport and trust.

The advantages of oral channels of communication are that they:

are fast - useful for obtaining very recent unpublished information are based on two-way communication and therefore promote an understanding of the real information need(s) and the communication of relevant information are flexible simplify and facilitate the transmission of information between people working in different subject areas (useful in interdisciplinary studies) are easy and pleasant to use

The disadvantages of oral channels of communication are that they:

are not open to everyone - established researchers have access to good networks of contacts, but these usually take time to cultivate can lead to misconceptions because the information is sometimes incomplete (lack of detail etc.) are difficult to maintain and therefore unstable.

Examples of Oral Communication Channel Presentations Presenting in front of a class can be a terrifying experience. Most students dread the class presentation, especially if they have not had enough instruction or practice before evaluation. By taking time to teach effective presentation skills before such an assignment, you free the student to focus on the content instead of the performance. The quality of presentations improves with effective instruction, practice and support.

Written Communication

Written communication has great significance in todays business world. It is an innovative activity of the mind. Effective written communication is essential for preparing worthy promotional materials for business development. Speech came before writing. But writing is more unique and formal than speech. Effective writing involves careful choice of words, their organization in correct order in sentences formation as well as cohesive composition of sentences. Also, writing is

more valid and reliable than speech. But while speech is spontaneous, writing causes delay and takes time as feedback is not immediate. Examples of Written Communication Channel

Business Use of E-Mail

The growth of e-mail has been spectacular, but it has also created challenges in managing information and an ever-increasing speed of doing business. Over 100 million adults in the United States use e-mail regularly (at least once a day). [579]Internet users around the world send an estimated 60 billion e-mails every day, and many of those are spam or scam attempts.[580] That makes e-mail the second most popular medium of communication worldwide, second only to voice. A 2005 study estimated that less than 1% of all written human communications even reached paperand we can imagine that this percentage has gone down even further since then.[581] To combat the overuse of e-mail, companies such as Intel have even instituted no e-mail Fridays where all communication is done via other communication channels. Learning to be more effective in your e-mail communication.

Organizational communication
The communication that takes in the organization can be categorized as formal and informal. Formal communication is categorized mainly as vertical and horizontal. Vertical communication in classical management hierarchy can be upward or downward between a superior and a subordinate. Functional communication or communication within a function or department also comes under this category. Horizontal communication is also cross functional communication. Interdepartmental meetings are a mechanism for formal facilitation of horizontal communication.

The communication that takes place within the organization can be categorized as interpersonal when it is taking place between two persons, and as interactive when more people are involved. Even though the text of Luthans does not discuss the issue, within an organization there are certain persons who have to communicate to a very large number of persons at the same time or at different times with the same message. For instance, CEO communicating to his organization. Organization behavior texts have to discuss the issues involved in this communication. Similarly, the PR communication aimed at the employees of the organization.

Upward Communication

Upward Communication is the process of information flowing from the lower levels of a hierarchy to the upper levels.[1] This type of communication is becoming more and more popular in organizations as traditional forms of communication are becoming less popular. The more traditional organization types such as a hierarchy, places people into separate ranks.

Importance of Communication in Managing People and Organizations

Communication is a central activity in most human and organizational activities. Communication is one of the important topics of organization behavior. Effective communication is a prerequisite for implementing organizational strategies as well as for managing day to day activities through people. Managers spend more than three fourths of their time in communicating exchanging information. Communication is found to make the biggest relative contribution to the effectiveness of managers. Or in other words, good communicators are more likely to be adjudged as effective managers (followers voluntarily listen to them and carry out instructions). But is communication the reason and solution to all problems in the world? Certainly not. Fred Luthans [1] strongly asserts this. Other issues like motivation, decision making, stress, organizational structure, etc. can also contribute to problems and therefore can be solutions to problems. But, it is to be stated that communication is a central activity in most human and organizational activities.

CONCLUSION
Communication in its most basic sense is transferring information from sender to receiver. Communication in its most expansive sense is everything and anything (not just information) that gets sent and received. Under this definition, all sentient beings are constantly communicating. Thus communication plays a major role in everyones day to day to life