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KMM342E Mathematical Modeling in ChE Spring 2012 HOMEWORK 4

Due Date: March 16, 2012

1. Originally, a perfectly mixed tank holds 4 m3 of aqueous solution including 10% salt by weight. To dilute the solution, a stream containing pure water starts to be fed into the tank at a rate of 0.2 m3/min. The densities can be assumed constant at 1.163 g/cm3. At the same time, a valve at the bottom of the tank is opened and the solution is withdrawn at a specific rate. a. Considering an exit stream flowrate of 0.2 m3/min, determine the amount of salt in the tank after 4 h. b. If the solution is withdrawn at a rate of 0.1 m3/min, calculate the amount of salt in the tank after 4 h. 2. An oil acts as a lubricant between two coaxial cylinders laying horizontally. The inner cylinder is stationary and the outer cylinder of radius R rotates at a constant velocity of R. The clearance between the cylinders is b, which is small compared to the radii of the cylinders; so, curvature effects can be neglected and the cylindrical system can be approximated by a plane narrow slit to be solved in cartesian coordinates. The flow is solely due to the movement of the top surface and there is no pressure gradient imposed on the system. During viscous flow, fluid layers rub against adjacent layers of fluid and the internal friction produces heat. In other words, mechanical energy is degraded into thermal energy irreversibly. The heat generation by viscous dissipation per unit volume depends on the local velocity gradient and is given by

R R b

x=b x=0 z

Derive an expression for the maximum temperature in the lubricant if both cylinders are at temperature T0. Neglect the temperature dependence of and k, but explicitly take into account the heat generated by viscous dissipation.

3. An airplane of mass M that is flying horizontally with velocity u through otherwise stationary air. The airplane is propelled by a jet engine that ejects hot gas of density g at atmospheric pressure with velocity v relative to the engine, through exhaust ports of total cross-sectional area A. The drag force F is cu2, where c is a known constant. Answer the following, using any or all of the symbols u, v, g, A, M and c: a. Write down an expression for m, the mass flow rate of hot gas leaving the engines. b. As seen by a stationary observer on the ground, what is the velocity and direction of the exhaust gases? c. Perform a momentum balance on a control surface moving with the airplane, and drive and expression for its acceleration a. Assume that the mass of fuel consumed is negligibly small in comparison with that of the airplane. d. Compute a (m/s2) if u=100 m/s, v=300 m/s, g=0.4 kg/m3, A=2 m2, M=104 kg and c=0.60 kg/m.

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