LIST OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT

iii

LIST OF FIGURES

iv

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION.

1.1

Heat transfer enhancement........

1.2

Classification of enhancement techniques.

1.3

EHD phenomenon.

1.4

Objective of the work

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW.

CHAPTER 3 DESIGN AND FABRICATION...

12

3.1

Experimental setup

12

3.2

Test section

13

3.3

Heating element.

14

3.4

Cooling system..

14

3.5

Thermocouples...

15

3.6

The working fluids.

15

3.7

Electrical circuit diagram...

16

CHAPTER 4 EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS

17

4.1

Test procedure and data analysis...

17

4.2

Detailed test procedure..

17

4.3

Measurement of supplied voltage..

18

4.4

Analysis.

18

CHAPTER 5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

20

5.1

Variation of heat transfer coefficient for both oils with and without
electric field when brass electrode is inserted...

5.2

Variation of heat transfer coefficient for both oils with and without
electric field when stainless steel electrode is inserted..

5.3

20

23

Generalized comparison of heat transfer coefficient for both oils and

electrodes...........................................................................................

26

5.4

Enhancement of heat transfer for both oils and electrodes

31

5.5

Enhancement of heat transfer coefficient with Reynolds number.

35

5.6

DOE analysis.

38

5.6.1 Details of experimental design..

38

5.6.2 Inputs for DOE analysis.

38

5.6.3 Half Normal Plot

39

5.6.4 Analysis of variants...

40

5.6.5 Model graphs.

41

CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS

44

6.1

Scope of work

44

REFERENCES

45

ii

ABSTRACT
An experimental investigation of electrohrodynamic (EHD) augmentation of heat
transfer has been performed in a stainless steel tube with a rod electrode placed in the
centre of the tube. In a vertical annular duct, uniformly heated outer wall, a dielectric
liquid is forced to move upward. Sharp points are added perpendicularly to the inner
cylinder while the outer cylinder is grounded. The effects of varying the mass flow
rate (0.419 and 0.596 kg/s), heat input (200 and 400 W) and the level of applied
voltage (1 kV E 8 kV) are examined. The average percentage of heat transfer
enhancement lies in the range of 80 115. The enhancement of heat transfer was
found to be greatest for stainless steel JK oil configuration. The experimental results
are validated using Design of Experiments software. With the electric field on, the
heat transfer turns out to be weakly influenced by the heat flux. The analytical results
correlate well with the experimental data. The effect of EHD heat transfer
enhancement occurs more readily in low viscosity liquids at low Reynolds number
flows for a given electrical power input.

iii

LIST OF FIGURES
Fig 1.1

Schematic diagram of EHD phenomenon of air molecules 6

Fig 3.1

Schematic figure of experimental setup.. 12

Fig 3.2

Photographic view of the experimental setup. 13

Fig 3.3

Heating element..

14

Fig 3.4

Refrigeration system...

15

Fig 3.5

Electrical circuit diagram 16

Fig 5.1

Variation of heat transfer coefficient (0.419 kg/s, 200 W, brass)... 21

Fig 5.2

Variation of heat transfer coefficient (0.419 kg/s, 400 W, brass)... 22

Fig 5.3

Variation of heat transfer coefficient (0.596 kg/s, 200 W, brass)... 22

Fig 5.4

Variation of heat transfer coefficient (0.596kg/s, 400 W, brass) 23

Fig 5.5

Variation of heat transfer coefficient (0.419 kg/s, 200 W, SS)..

24

Fig 5.6

Variation of heat transfer coefficient (0.419 kg/s, 400 W, SS)..

25

Fig 5.7

Variation of heat transfer coefficient (0.596 kg/s, 200 W, SS)..

25

Fig 5.8

Variation of heat transfer coefficient (0.596 kg/s, 400 W, SS).

26

Fig 5.9

Variation of heat transfer coefficient for both oils and electrodes

(0.419 kg/s, 200 W)

Fig 5.10

Variation of heat transfer coefficient for both oils and electrodes

(0.419 kg/s, 400 W)

Fig 5.11

28

Variation of heat transfer coefficient for both oils and electrodes

(0.596 kg/s, 200 W)

Fig 5.12

27

29

Variation of heat transfer coefficient for both oils and electrodes

(0.596 kg/s, 400 W)

30

Fig 5.13

Enhancement of heat transfer (0.419 kg/s, 200 W, brass)..

31

Fig 5.14

Enhancement of heat transfer (0.419 kg/s, 200 W, SS).. 32

Fig 5.15

Enhancement of heat transfer (0.419 kg/s, 400 W, brass)..

Fig 5.16

Enhancement of heat transfer (0.419 kg/s, 400 W, SS).. 33

Fig 5.17

Enhancement of heat transfer (0.596 kg/s, 200 W, brass)..

iv

32

33

Fig 5.18

Enhancement of heat transfer (0.596 kg/s, 200 W, SS).. 34

Fig 5.19

Enhancement of heat transfer (0.596 kg/s, 400 W, brass)..

Fig 5.20

Enhancement of heat transfer (0.596 kg/s, 400 W, SS).. 35

Fig 5.21

Enhancement of heat transfer with Re (0.419 kg/s, 200 W, brass). 36

Fig 5.22

Enhancement of heat transfer with Re (0.419 kg/s, 200 W, SS)

Fig 5.23

Enhancement of heat transfer with Re (0.596 kg/s, 400 W, brass). 37

Fig 5.24

Enhancement of heat transfer with Re (0.596 kg/s, 400 W, SS)

Fig 5.25

Inputs for DOE analysis.. 39

Fig 5.26

Half Normal Plot. 40

Fig 5.27

ANOVA..

Fig 5.28

Model graph for rod 42

Fig 5.29

Model graph for fluid.. 42

Fig 5.30

Model graph for mass flow rate.. 43

Fig 5.31

Model graph for electric field input 43

34

36

37

41