PHARYNX - musculomembranous tube - present posterior to the nose, mouth & larynx - extends from the base of skull

to the 6th cervical vertebrae then it joins esophagus , composed of : 1. Lining mucous membrane 2. Inner fibrous coat (pharyngobasilar fascia) 3. Muscles of pharynx 4. Outer fibrous coat (buccopharyngeal fascia)

SUPERIOR CONSTRICTOR

MIDDLE CONSTRICTOR

LOWER CONSTRICTOR STYLOPHARYNGEUS SALPINGOPHARYNGEUS PALATOPHARYNGEUS

ORIGIN - lower part of posterior border of medial pterygoid plate - pterygoid hamulus - pterygo-mandibular raphe - posterior end of the mylohyoid line of mandible - lower part of stylohyoid ligament - lesser & greater horn of hyoid bone - oblique line of thyroid cartilage - side of cricoids cartilage styloid process of temporal bone

INSERTION - pharyngeal tubercle - median pharyngeal raphe

posterior border of thyroid cartilage inferior surface of cartilaginous blends with part of auditory tube palatopharynge us muscke - posterior border of hard palate lamina of - palatine aponeurosis thyroid cartilage

ACTION - during the process of swallowing, contraction of upper fibers of superior constrictors will pull the pharyngeal wall forward aid in the soft palate in closure of nasopharyngeal isthmus - successive contraction of sup, middle & lower constrictor propels the bolus of food downwards into esophagus elevate pharynx & larynx during swallowing elevate pharynx

NERVE SUPPLY pharyngeal plexus

glossopharyngeal nerve pharyngeal plexus

- depress palate - with soft palatenarrows nasopharyngeal isthmus

cranial part of accessory nerve

extends from to 1. NASOPHARYNX base of the skull upper surface of soft palate (C1) 2. OROPHARYNX lower surface of soft palate upper border of epiglottis - communicates anteriorly with oral cavity by an opening called oropharyngeal isthmus (made by palatoglossal arch on each side) - also contains palatopharynegal arch *between palatoglossal & palatopharyngeus, the is the palatine tonsil 3. LARYNGOPHARYNX upper border of epiglottis level of cricoids cartilage (C6) - its upper part lies behind the inlet of larynx * Pyriform fossa = - depression on each side of the inlet of larynx - boundaries medial aryepiglottic fold of larynx lateral - above = thyrohyoid membrane - below = lamina of the thyroid cartilage - nervous supply of mucous membrane of pyriform fossa = internal laryngeal nerve

Palatine tonsil = 2 masses of lymphoid tissue, - in lateral wall of the oropharynx - covered with mucous membrane - medial surface projects into the lumen of oropharynx - its surface is pitted by numerous small openings which lead into tonsillar crypts - upper part of medial surface has a deep tonsillar cleft - covered on its lateral side by a capsule