CLASS XII

PHYSICS

By:DR. VIKRAM SINGH TANUSHREE SINGH

YEAR OF PUBLICATION-2010
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form or by any meansElectronic, Mechanical, Photocopying, Recording or otherwise, without prior permission of the Authors and Publisher

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SAVANT INSTITUTE

Physics

Capacitance

2
CAPACITANCE
Slide 1 Capacitance is defined by C = Q/V, where Q and Q are the charges on the two conductors and V is the potential difference between them. C is determined purely geometrically, by the shapes, sizes and relative positions of the two conductors. The unit of capacitance is farad:, 1 F = 1 C V1. For a parallel plate capacitor (with vacuum between the plates), C = 0 In the parallel combination, the total capacitance C is:

C = C1 + C2 + C3 + ....
where C1, C2, C3.. are individual capacitances. ____________________ Slide 4 ______________________ Spherical capacitor: (Outer sphere is earthed)

C=

q 4 0 .ab = v (b a )

A d

where A is the area of each plate and d

If the inner sphere is earthed and the outer sphere is charged, the capacity of the condenser becomes

the separation between them.

C' = 40b +

40 .ab 40b2 b = = c c ' > c. (b a ) (b a ) a

v + + + + + + + + a + + b + + + + q

If the medium between the plates of a capacitor is filled with an insulating substance (dielectric), the electric field due to the charged plates induces a net dipole moment in the dielectric. This effect, called polarisation, gives rise to a field in the opposite direction. The net electric field inside the dielectric and hence the potential difference between the plates is thus reduced. Consequently, the capacitance C increases from its value C0 when there is no medium (vacuum), to C = KC0, where K is the dielectric constant of the insulating substance. ____________________ Slide 2 ______________________ The energy U stored in a capacitor of capacitance C, with charge Q and voltage V is

____________________ Slide 5 ______________________ Cylindrical Capacitor:

C=

20 r Farad 2.303log10 ( b / a )

a = inner radius, b = outer radius

U=

1 1 1 Q2 QV = cV 2 = 2 2 2 C

____________________ Slide 6 ______________________ Variation in PPC under two conditions: (a) Battery disconnected (after charging) Q = const. (b) Battery remains connected V const.

____________________ Slide 3 ______________________ For capacitors in the series combination, the total capacitance C is given by 1 = 1 + 1 + 1 + ...........

C1

C2

C3

Q = CV,C =

0 r A Q v , 0 = = = d A 0 r d 0 r

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22
(a) Battery removed (Q const.) (i) Initially Q0 V0 K E0 K C0 K

Capacitance
u0 K

Physics

It is that time in which the charge on the plates grows to 63.2% of the final value. It is the time in which the potential difference across the capacitor rises to 63.2% of its final value. It is the time in which current falls to 36.8% of the initial value.
q

(ii) Insert a dielectric slab. (iii) Separation d (iv) Eff. area A

(b) Battery remains connected (V const.) (i) Initially Q0 K V0 E0 C0 K u0 K

0.632v

(ii) Insert a dielectric slab. (iii) Separation d (iv) Eff. area A

0.632v

____________________ Slide 7 ______________________ Charging: When a voltage is placed a cross the terminals of a capacitor the potential cannot rise to its final value instantaneously. As the charge builds up it tends to repel the addition of further charge. q = Q0 (1 et / RC) and V = V0 (1 et/RC) The current in circuit during charging is given by I = I0 e
t/RC

I I0

0.368 I 0

, where I0 = V0/R.

the growth of q and V and decay of I is exponential, and depends on

Current in R C circuit while charging decrease exponentially (to 0.368 I0 in time, to 0.135 I0 in time 2. and to 0.05 I0 in time 3). Thus after same time the current in the RC circuit becomes unmeassurable (zero). Thus a capacitor blocks a direct current (d.c) flow. ____________________ Slide 8______________________ Discharging of capacitors: Let at time t = 0, the switch S in circuit of given fig. (Fully charged capacitor) is changed to position2. Then the capacitor discharges through resistance R. The charge voltage across the capacitor and the current in the circuit falls exponentially q = Q0 et/RC, V = V0 et/RC and I = I0 et/RC at, time constant = RC q = 0.368 Q0, V =0.368 V0 It is that time in which the charge or the voltage or the current decays to reach 36.8% of its initial value. Half life (Th): Half life or RC circuit Th = 0.693 RC = RC log (z) = 0.693 .

(a) The capacitance of the capacitor, and (b) The resistance of the circuit through which it is being charged Time constant of R C circuits: time const. = RC. if t = RC, q = Q0 (1 1/e) = 0.632 Q0 V = 0.632 V0, & I = 0.368 I0

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Physics
at t = T . q = Q0 ,V = V0 & I = I0 . h

Capacitance
Slide 12

23

Heat produced across resistance of connecting wire is equal to energy stored in capacitor.

Heat = Ucap . =

1 CV 2 Heat R0 2
dH dt
____________________ Slide13 _____________________ In n identical condensers, each of capacity C are connected in series, then the effective capacitance of the system is C/n. ____________________ Slide 14 _____________________ If n identical capacitors each of capacity C are connected in parallel, then the effective capacitance of the system is nC. ____________________ Slide 15 _____________________
Q t

Rate of heat dissipation =

dH dH 2 If R = = It R. dt dt
v1 V

0.368

Energy stored in a condenser or conductor lies in its electric field.

t

RC

____________________ Slide 16 ____________________ Energy stored per unit volume in the medium between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor is u = (1/2) 2 K 2E 2 ,
0

0.3681o

where u is called the energy density of the medium.

I0

____________________ Slide 17 _____________________ Electric potential (V) due to point charge at a distance r is proportional to 1/r. ____________________ Slide 18 _____________________ Electric potential (V) due to a dipole at a distance r is proportional to 1/r2. ____________________ Slide 19 _____________________ The phenomenon of displacement of centres of positive and negative charges of a non-polar dielectric in the presence of external field is called dielectric c polarisation. It is found that the induced dipole moment p is proportional to the electric field E. It can be expressed as p = E , where is 0 proportionality constant. It is known as atomic polarizability. The above equation can be in scalar form, as

IMORTANCE RESULTS ____________________ Slide 9 _____________________

A 1 2 3 4 3 0 A d

____________________ Slide 10 _____________________

1 2 3 A + 4 5 C = B eq 2 0 A d

____________________ Slide 11 _____________________

p = 0 or

p 0 E

____________________ Slide 20 _____________________ Induced charge on the faces of dielectric due to dielectric polarisation is q' = q 1 1/ k .

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24

Capacitance
Slide 21 If three capacitors of capacitance C1, C2 and C3 are connected in series to a potential difference V, the potential across the capacitors in the respective order will be in the ratio C2 C3 : C3 C1 : C1C2. (d) Field between the plates remains the same.

Physics

(e) The energy increases, becomes K times the previous value, i.e. U2 = KU1. ____________________ Slide 27 _____________________ Kirchoffs laws can be applied to the capacitor circuits in a similar manner to the current circuits. (a) 1 Law: It states that the algebraic sum of charges at a junction in the circuit is zero q = 0 (b) II Law: The algebraic sum of quantity q/C in different branches of a closed mesh, is equal to the net elm in the mesh i.e. q/C = E

____________________ Slide 22_____________________ If n small drops each having a charge q, capacity C and potential V coalesce to from a big drop then. (a) The charge on the big drop = nq (b) Capacity of big drop = n (c) Potential of big drop = n
1/3 2/3

C V
5/3

(d) Potential energy of big drop = n

U
1/3

____________________ Slide 28 _____________________ n plates are arranged alternatively it constitutes (n 1) capacitors in parallel, each of value 0 A , so that

(e) Surface density of charge on the big drop = n surface density of charge on one small drop.

____________________ Slide 23 _____________________ There can be a potential difference across the terminals of the condenser even if there is no current in the current in the current. ____________________ Slide 24 _____________________ For D.C circuits the condenser acts as an open circuit because for D.C circuits with condenser, I = 0. ____________________ Slide 25 _____________________ If a parallel plate capacitor is charged to V volts and the charging battery is removed. A dielectric plate is now introduced between the plates of condenser, then (a) Charge on the condenser remains the same. (b) Capacity increases, becomes K times the previous value. (c) Potential difference between the plates decrease and becomes (1/k) times the previous value. (d) The field between the plates decreases and becomes (1/K) times the previous value. (e) Energy decreases and becomes (1/K) times the previous value i.e U2 = U1 /k ____________________ Slide 26 _____________________ If the air capacitor is charged to V volts and dielectric plate is introduced in the gap between the plates, (battery still connected), then (a) The charge on the plates increases. (b) The capacity increases K times. (c) The potential difference between the plates remains the same.

Cp = ( n 1)

0 A . d

____________________ Slide 29 _____________________ Capacitance of a conductor connected to earth (whatever be its shape, size of charge on it) will be C = q = q =

____________________ Slide 30 _____________________ In case of conductors one connected to other. Total capacity of the system will be C = C1 + C2. ____________________ Slide 31 _____________________ Charging source supply charge at const. potential (say V), work done by the charging source W = q V, while energy stored in the charged conductor is u = qV. i.e. in charging a body 50% of the energy is wasted as heat. ____________________ Slide 32 _____________________ In sharing of charge (between two spheres) there will be no loss of energy if V = V i.e. q1 = q2 1 2

R1

R2

____________________ Slide 33 _____________________ A spherical shell of radius a with charge Q is expanded to radius b. The work-done by the electrical force in the force in the process.

kQ2 kQ2 Q2 1 1 w = U = (UF UI ) = = 2a 80 a b 2b

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Physics

Capacitance

25

CURRICULUM BASED WORKSHEET

Topics for Worksheet - I
Electric dipole, Capacitors and Energy density Worksheet - I
An electric dipole consists of two charges of +2.4 C and 2.4 C separated by a distance of 2.5 103 m. Calculate the potential at a point P at a distance of 30 cm from the centre of the dipole on (i) axial line of the dipole, (ii) equatorial line of the dipole. 2. Calculate the electric potential due to a dipole whose dipole moment is 4.8 1030 Cm at a point 1.0 109 m away if this point is 45 above the axis but nearer to the positive charge. 3. Any conducting object connected to earth is said to be grounded. Explain, 4. The plates of a parallel plate air capacitor are separated by a distance of 1 mm. What must be the plate area if the capacitance of the capacitor is to be 1F? 5. Calculate the capacitance of a parallel plate air 2 capacitor of plate area 30 m ; the plates are being separated by a dielectric 2 mm thick and of relative permittivity 6. If the electric field strength between the plates is 500 V/mm, calculate the charge on each plate. 6. A spherical capacitor has an inner sphere of radius 9 cm and an outer sphere of radius 10 cm. The outer sphere is earthed. Assume there is air in the space between the spheres. What is the capacitance of the capacitor? 7. A 16 F capacitor is charged to 100 V. After being disconnected, it is immediately connected to an uncharged capacitor of 4F. Determine (i) the p.d. across the combination (ii) the electrostatic energies before and after the capacitors are connected. 8. An electric dipole is located on the X-axis shown in Fig. Find (i) the electric potential (ii) electric field at the point P located at a distance x from the centre of the dipole. 9. The two charged conductors are touched mutually and then separated. What will be the charge on them? 10. Given a solid metal sphere and a hollow metal sphere, which will hold more charge? Both spheres are of the same radius. 11. Assuming earth to be an isolated conducting sphere of radius 6400 km, what is the capacitance of earth? 12. An isolated sphere has a capacitance of 50pF. (i) Calculate its radius. (ii) How much charge should be 4 placed on it to raise its potential to 10 V? 1.

13. Twenty seven spherical drops, each of radius 3 mm and carrying 1012 C of charge are combined to form a single drop. Find the capacitance and potential of the bigger drop. 14. What distance apart should the two plates each of area 0.2 m 0.1 m of a parallel plate air capacitor be placed in order to have the same capacitance as a spherical conductor of radius 0.5m?

Topics for Worksheet - II

System of Capacitors Worksheet - II
1. Three capacitors have capacitances of 0.5 F, 0.3 F and 0.2 F respectively. They are first connected to have maximum capacitance and then connected to have minimum capacitance, Find the ratio of maximum capacitance to minimum capacitance, Two capacitors of capacitances 15 F and 20 F are connected in series to a 6000 V d.c. supply. Find (i) charge on each capacitor, (ii) p.d. across each capacitor, The total capacitance of two capacitors is 4F when connected in series and 18 F when connected in parallel. Find the capacitance of each capacitor, In the circuit shown in fig, the total charge is 750 C. Find the values of V1, V and C2. Obtain the equivalent capacitance for the network shown in Fig. For 300 V d.c. supply, determine the charge and voltage across each capacitor.

2.

3.

4. 5.

6.

Fig shows a network of four capacitors. Determine the equivalent capacitance between points A and B. If a 10V battery is connected between A and B, how much total charge will be stored on the capacitors.

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26

Capacitance

Physics

7. 8.

9.

Calculate the equivalent capacitance between points A and B in fig. In the circuit shown in fig, find (i) the equivalent capacitance between A and D and (ii) the charge on 12 F capacitor. In the network shown in fig. 5.20 (i), C1 = C2 = C3 = C4 = 8 F and C5 = 10 F. Find the equivalent capacitance between points A and B.

12. A cylindrical capacitor has two co-axial cylinders of length 20 cm and radii 15.4 cm and 15 cm respectively. The relative permittivity of the insulation is 5. If a p.d. of 5000 V is maintained between the two cylinders, determine (i) capacitance of cylindrical capacitor and (ii) potential of inner cylinder. 13. Two capacitors of capacitances 1 F and 0.01 F are charged to the same potential. Which will give more intense electric shock if touched? 14. A capacitor of 20 F and charged to 500 V is connected in parallel with another capacitor of 10 F charged to 200 V. Find the common potential. 15. Infinite identical capacitors each of capacitance 1 F are connected as shown in fig. What is the equivalent capacitance between terminals A and B?

Topics for Worksheet - III

Dielectrics and Van-de- Graaff generator Worksheet - III
1. A parallel plate capacitor is partially filled with an ebonite plate of thickness 6 mm. The area of the plates of the capacitor is 2 103 m2 and the distance between them is 0.01m. The dielectric constant for ebonite is 3. Calculate the capacitance of the capacitor. A parallel plate capacitor has plate area of 2 m2 spaced by three layers of different dielectric materials. The relative permittivities are 2, 4, 6 and thickness are 0.5, 1.5 and 0.3 mm respectively. Calculate the capacitance of the capacitor. An air capacitor has two parallel plates of 15000 cm2 area and held 5 mm apart. If a dielectric slab of area 15000 cm2, thickness 2 mm and relative permittivity 3 is now introduced between the plates, what must be the new separation between the plates to bring the capacitance to the original value. The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor is 50 pF and the distance between the plates is 4 mm. It is charged to 200V and the charging battery is removed. Now a dielectric slab (k = 4 ) of thickness 2 mm is introduced between the plates. Find (i) final charge on each plate, (ii) p.d, between the plates, (iii) final energy in the capacitor, and (iv) energy loss.

2.

3.

10. A mica dielectric parallel plate capacitor has 21 plates, each having an effective area of 5 cm2 and each separated by a gap of 0.005 mm. Find the capacitance of the capacitor. Take the relative permittivity of mica as 6. 11. A parallel plate capacitor has three similar parallel plates. Find the ratio of capacitance when the inner plate is mid-way between the outers to the capacitance when inner plate is three times as near to one plate as the other.

4.

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Physics
5.

Capacitance
2 Mark Questions
8.

27

6.

7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

A parallel plate capacitor having plate separation of 3 mm possesses a capacitance of 17.7 pF. The capacitor is connected to a 100V supply. Explain what would happen if a 3 mm thick mica sheet of dielectric constant 6 were inserted between the plates (i) while the voltage supply remains connected (ii) after the supply was disconnected. If a solid dielectric is placed between the plates of capacitor, its capacitance increases. Is there any other advantage of solid dielectric? Can you place a parallel plate capacitor (consisting of two plates) of 1 farad in your almirah? Show that capacitance of a metal plate A can be increased by bringing another metal plate B near A. In the above question, show that capacitance of metal plate A can be further increased by earthing the plate B. What are the differences between conductors and dielectrics? Find the length of the paper used in a capacitor of capacitance 2 F if the dielectric constant of the paper is 2.5 and its width and thickness are 50 mm and 0.05 mm respectively. Suppose in the above problem, the capacitor is kept connected with the battery and then dielectric is inserted between the plates. What will be the change in charge, the capacitance, the potential difference the electric field and the stored energy? A parallel plate capacitor is maintained at a certain potential difference. When a 3 mm slab is introduced between the plates, in order to maintained the same potential difference, the distance between the plates is increased by 2.4 mm. Find the dielectric constant of the slab. In a van de Graaff generator, the shell electrode is at 25 107 V / m. Calculate the minimum radius of the spherical shell. How does a spark discharge occur between two charged objects?

Two rectangular metal plates, each of area A, are kept parallel to each other at a distance d apart to form a parallel plate capacitor. If the area of each of the plates is doubled and their distance of separation decreased to 1 /2 of its initial value, calculate the ratio of their capacitances in the two cases. 9. Find the capacitance of capacitor C if the equivalent capacitance between A and B is 15 F. 10. If 300 J of work is done in carrying a charge of 3 C from a place where the potential is 10 V to another place where potential is V, calculate the value of V. 11. Three capacitors have capacitance of 0.5 F, 0.3 F and 0.2 F respectively. They are first connected to have maximum capacitance and then connected to have minimum capacitance. Find the ration of maximum capacitance to minimum capacitance. 12. There capacitors, each of capacity 2 F, are connected in series. Find the resultant capacity.

3 Mark Questions
13. When two capacitors of C1 and C2 are connected in series the net capacitance is 3 F; when connected in parallel its value is 16 F. Calculate the values of C1 and C2. 14. Three capacitors of capacitances 4 pF, 5 pF and 6 pF are connected in parallel. (a) What is the total capacitances of the combination? (b) Determine the charge on each capacitor if the combination is connected to a 120V. 15. Explain what would air between the plates, each plate has an area of 6 10-3 m2 and the distance between the plates in 3 mm. calculate the capacitance of the capacitor. If this capacitor is connected to a 100V supply, what is the charge on each plate of the capacitor? 16. State the factors on which capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor depends. 17. Two capacitors of capacitances 6f and 12 f are connected in series with a battery. The voltage across the 6 f capacitor is 2V compute the total battery voltage. 18. (a) Why does the electric field inside a dielectric decrease when it is placed in an external electric field? (b) A parallel plate capacitor with air between the plates has a capacitance of 4 pF. What will be the capacitance if the distance between the plates be reduced by half and the space between them is filled with a 19. A 4 F capacitor is charged by a 200 V supply. The charged capacitor is connected to another uncharged 2F capacitor. How much electrostatic energy of the

CURRICULUM BASED CHAPTER ASSIGNMENT

1 Mark Questions
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Define one farad capacity of a conductor. Write the dimensional formula for capacitance. What form of energy is stored in a capacitor? What is the formula for energy stored in a capacitor? Why does the capacitance become more in parallel combination? Why does the capacitance become less in series combination? What is the effect of temperature on the dielectric constant of a dielectric?

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28

Capacitance
first capacitor is lost in the process of attaining the steady situation? 20. X and Y are two parallel plate capacitor having the same area of plates and same separation between the plates X has air between the plates and Y contains a dielectric medium of r = 5 (i) Calculate the potential difference between the plates of X and Y. (ii) What is the ratio of electrostatic energy stored in X and Y? 2.

Physics
Eight small drops, each of radius r and having same charge q, are combined to form a big drop. The ratio between the potential of the bigger drop and the smaller drop is (a) 1 : 8 (b) 2 : 1 (c) 4 : 1 (d) 8 : 1 100 small water drops, each of radius r and charge q, coalesce together to form one spherical drop. The potential of the big drop is larger than that of the smaller drops by a factor of (a) 1 (b) 10 (c) 100 (d) 1000 Two mental plates have potential difference of 300 V and are 0.01 m apart. A charged particle of mass 1.96 1015 kg is held in equilibrium between the plates of the capacitor. Then the electric field is (a) 3 102 V m1 (b) 3 V m1 4 1 (c) 3 10 V m (d) 3 104 V m1 The equivalent capacitance of three capacitors of capacitance C1, C2, and C3 connected in parallel is 12 units and the product of C1, C2, C3 is 48. When the capacitors C1 and C2 are connected in parallel, the equivalent capacitance is 6 units. Then the capacitance are (a) 1, 5, 6 (b) 1.5, 2.5, 8 (c) 2, 3, 7 (d) 2, 4, 6 To obtain 3 F capacity from three capacitors of 2 F each, they will be arranged (a) All the three in series (b) All the three in parallel (c) Two capacitors in series and the third in parallel with the combination of first two (d) Two capacitors in parallel and the third in series with the combination of first two A 10 F capacitor and a 20 F capacitor are connected in series across a 200 V supply line. The charged capacitors are then disconnected from the line and reconnected with their positive plates together and negative plates together and no external voltage is applied. The potential difference across each capacitor is 400V 800V (b) (a) V V 9 3 (c) 400 V (d) 200 V Eight drops of mercury of equal radii and possessing equal charges combine to form a big drop. Then the capacitance of bigger drop compared to each individual drop is (a) 18 times (b) 14 times (c) 2 times (d) 32 times

3.

4.

5 Mark Questions
21. Three capacitors, each of capacitance 9 F are connected in series. (a) What is the total capacitance of the combination? (b) What is the potential difference across each capacitor, if the combination is connected to a 120 V supply? 22. Explain the principle, construction and working of a Van De Graff generator. 23. Obtain the expression of the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor. Three capacitors of capacitances C1, C2 and C3 are connected (i) in series (ii) in parallel. Show that the energy stored in the series combination is the same as that in the parallel combination. 24. Find the equivalent capacitor between P and Q as shown in figure (i). 5.

6.

7.

QUESTION BANK FOR COMPETITIONS

1. The combined capacity of the parallel combination of two capacitors is four times their combined capacity when connected in series. This means that their capacitance are (a) equal (b) infinite (c) 0.5 F and 1 F (d) 1 F and 2 F

8.

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Physics
9.

Capacitance

29

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor becomes 4 times its original value of if a dielectric slab of 3 d thickness t = is inserted between the plates [d is the 2 separation between the plates]. The dielectric constant of the slab is (d) 4 (b) 8 (c) 2 (d) 6. A network of four capacitors of capacity equal to C1 = C, C2 = 2C, C3 = 3C and C4 = 4C are conducted to a battery as shown in Fig. 83. The ratio of the charges on C2 and C4 is : 3 7 (b) (a) 22 4 22 4 (d) (b) 3 7 125 identical drops, each charged to the same potential of 50 V, are combined to form a single drop. The potential of the new drop will be (a) 50 V (b) 250 V (c) 500 V (d) 25%. What fraction of the energy drawn from the charging battery is stored in a capacitor? (a) 100% (b) 75% (c) 50% (d) 25%. A 10 F capacitor is charged to a potential difference of 50 V and is connected to another uncharged capacitor in parallel. Now the common potential difference becomes 20 volt. The capacitance of second capacitor is (a) 100 F (b) 20 F (b) 30 F (d) 15 F. A capacitor of 20 F and charged to 500 V is connected in parallel with another capacitor of 10 F charged to 200 V. The common potential is (a) 100 V (b) 200 V (c) 300 V (d) V. A number of condensers, each of capacitance 1 F and each one of which gets punctured if a potential difference just exceeding 500 V is applied, are provided. Then an arrangement suitable for giving a capacitance of 2 F across which 3000 V may be applied requires at least .. component capacitors. (a) 6 (b) 12 (c) 72 (d) 3. Refer to the infinite network of capacitors shown in Fig. 88. The capacitance of each capacitor is 1 F. The equivalent capacity between A and B is (a) 1 F (b) 2 F (c) 0 F (d) . A 6 F capacitor is charged from 10 volt to 20 volt. Increase in energy will be (a) 18 104 joule (b) 9 104 joule (d) 9 106 joule. (c) 4.5 104 joule

18. By inserting a plate of dielectric material between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor, the energy is decreased five times. The dielectric constant of the material is 1 1 (b) (a) 25 5 (c) 5 (d) 5. 19. A condenser having a capacity 2,0 microfarad is charged to 200 volt and then the plates of the capacitor are connected to a resistance wire. The heat produced will be 4 (b) 4 1010 joule (a) 4 10 joule 2 (c) 4 10 joule (d) 2 102 joule. 20. Two capacitors of capacities 6 F, charged to a potential of 12 V each, are connected to each other with the positive plate of each joined to the negative plate of the other. The potential difference across each will now be (a) 2 V (b) 13 V (c) 4 V (d) V. 21. Two condensers C1 and C2 in a circuit are joined as shown in Fig. 90. The potential of point A is V1 and that of B is V2. The potential of point D will be C2 V1 + C1 V2 1 (b) (b) (V1 + V2 ) C1 + C2 2 (c) C1 V1 + C2 V2 C1 + C2 (d) C2 V1 C1 V2 C1 + C2

22. Keeping the charge on a capacitor unchanged, we can decrease the energy of the capacitor by (a) increasing the dielectric constant of the medium between the plates. (b) decreasing the dielectric constant of the medium between the plates. (c) making dielectric constant zero. (d) none of the above. 23. Two identical parallel plate capacitors are placed in series and connected to a constant voltage source of V volt. If one of the capacitors is completely immersed in a liquid of dielectric constant K, then the potential difference between the plates of the other capacitor will change to K K +1 V (b) (a) V K +1 K (c) 2K V K +1 (d)
K +1 V. 2K

24. If the capacitors in the previous question are joined in parallel, the capacitance and the breakdown voltage of the combination will be (a) 2 C and 2 V (b) C and 2 V (c) 2 C and V (d) C and V.

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Capacitance
25. Force acting upon a charged particle kept between the plates of a charged capacitor if F. If one of the plates of the capacitor is removed, then the force acting on the same particle will be (a) F (b) 0 F (c) 2F (d) 2 26. An isolated parallel-plate capacitor of plate are A, plate separation d and capacitance C (= A/d) is found to lose charge slowly by conduction through the dielectric, which has resistivity p. What is the resistance of the dielectric? p (b) pC (a) C C pC (d) (c) p e p (e) C 27. Two condensers A and B of capacities 0.3 F and 0.6 F respectively are connected in series. The combination is connected across a potential of 6 volt. The ratio of energies stored by the condensers A and B will be (a) 2 (b) 4 1 1 (d) (c) 2 4 28. Three capacitors, each of capacitance 1 F, are connected in parallel. To this combination, a fourth capacitor of capacitance 1 F is connected in series. The resultant capacitance of the system is (a) 2F (b) 4 F 4 3 (d) (c) F F 3 4 29. There are 8 identical capacitors. The equivalent capacitance when they are connected in series is C. The equivalent capacitance when they are connected in parallel is (a) 8 C (b) 64 C C C (d) (c) 8 64 30. Two metallic charged spheres whose radii are 20 cm and 10 cm respectively, have each 150 microcoulomb positive charge. The common potential, after they are connected by a conducting wire, is 6 (b) 4.5 106 V (a) 9 10 V 7 (c) 1.8 10 V (d) 13.5 106 V.

Physics

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