Under floor Radiant system

Human Comfort Zone: Combination of 50% radiation, 30% convection and 20% evaporation. Temperature range: 20-26 C (68-78F) 20(68 Relative humidity range: 30-60% 30 Air movement velocities: 0.15-0.25 m/s 0.15 Surface to Air temperature difference 2 C (4F)

Limitations of Conventional All-Air HVAC System AllComfort and Indoor Air Quality Uneven space comfort-cost of control zones comfort High air velocities-typically0.3 m/s (50-100 fpm) velocities(50 Portion of contaminated air is mixed and re-circulated re Potentially high noise and draft levels Cost Large equipment capacities requirements Moving Large air volumes=energy intensive operation Higher mechanical equipment and building space cost Large space requirements

What is Radiant Cooling ?

Principal

Application

Radiant System Condition People . Not Building

What's the Radiant Cooling Concept

Cooling in summer (absorber), Heating in winter (emitter)

Radiant cooling supplements airside system Cooling medium warm 16C to 22C (61F to 72F) 16 22 (61 72 Heating medium cool at 30C to 40C (86F to 104F) 30 40 (86 104

Well suited to alternative energy sources due to moderate temperatures.

Cost Advantages Radiant System Smaller, More Efficient Chillers Testing and Balancing Made Simpler Reduced Maintenance Cost & Operating Cost Not paying for Over Ventilating Piping is not insulated Reduced Sprinkler Piping Reduce Fan Energy

What's the Attraction Radiant System Aesthetic benefits - clean space Better acoustics & Comfort Facilitates decoupling cooling and ventilation Works well with Displacement or UFAD Improved plant efficiency Shaves off peak load /Reduce Plant Installed capacity Cascade loads Geothermal and aquifer cooling Evaporative cooled Can reduce construction time/cost Simplified controls Reacts to direct solar loads Fits well with Thermally Active Buildings and Green Buildings

Benefit Features of Radiant System Zoning capabilities- Increase staff productivity capabilities No Noise, No draft No plenum- increase height up to one ft. of space ea. floor plenum Save energy up to 50% Maintenance one Pump!-Only Ventilation requires servicing Pump! Indoor Air Quality Radiant Cooling & Heating simultaneously (north & south) Utility room require less space

Figure shows how radiant cooling systems achieve savings. The graphic breaks out the components of peak HVAC energy use in office buildings for a conventional system and for a radiant cooling system that uses water as an energy transport medium. About 62.5 percent of the conventional systems energy use consists of cooling load that the chiller must remove. Virtually all of the remaining power demand is used for air transport, and radiant cooling can eliminate most of that. As a consequence, in the example in the figure, energy savings is greater than 42 percent. In areas with high humidity during the cooling season, the savings are proportionally less.

Source: LBNL

Design Methodology :

Source: Robert Bean - Ishrae

Design Methodology :

Effect on Radiant Output by varying different parameters

Operative Temp. -Uniform temp of an enclosure in which Occupant would exchange the same Amount of heat by radiation plus convection as In non-uniform environment non-

Combined Radiant and Convective Heat Transfer

Mean panel temperature F (C) 50 (10) 55 (13) 60 (16) 65 (18) 50 (10) 55 (13) 60 (16) 78 (26) 16 (51) 14 (44) 30 (95) 1.65 (9.37) 78 (26) 20 (63) 19 (60) 39 (123) 1.7 (9.65) 78 (26) 24 (76) 24 (76) 48 (151) 1.73 (9.82) 72 (22) 6 (19) 4 (13) 10 (32) 1.45 (8.23) 72 (22) 11 (35) 8 (25) 19 (60) 1.54 (8.75) 72 (22) 15 (47) 13 (41) 28 (88) 1.61 (9.14) 72 (22) 19 (60) 18 (57) 37 (117) 1.66 (9.43) Room temperature Q radiation Btu/hft (W/m2) F (C) Q convection Btu/hft (W/m2) Q total Btu/hft (W/m2) U, overall HT coeff, Btu/hft F (W/m2 C)

The greater the difference between the mean panel temperature and the room temperature, the greater the heat transfer Even though the radiant heat transfer is highly nonlinear, the overall U-factors are relatively constant in the ranges of temperatures presented

Radiant Floor Design

In direct sun - solar cooling can reach 100to150W/m2

Radiant Ceiling Design

Cooing Mode

Heating Mode

In direct sun - solar cooling can reach 100to150W/m2

Energy Consumption Characteristics of Commercial Building HVAC

Source: Dr.James Brodrick- Ishrae

Minimum Temp for cooing/Maximum Temp for Heating Various Surface

Output of Radiant Cooling / Heating Various Surface

Heat Load Analysis

SR. NO. DEHUMID AREA IFIED (SQ. FT.) CFM NO. EQP. OCCU OF PC LOAD FRESH LOAD . PC (WATTS) AIR WATTS

DISCRIPTION GROUND FLR TOTAL FIRST FLR TOTAL SECOND FLR TOTAL GRAND TOTAL

TR

10447

28751

82.25

329

84

12600

3284

9643

15033

46

215

107

16050

2310

8765 28855

22421 66205

54 183

208 752

98 289

14700 43350

1832 7426 69800

Radiant Radiant Radiant Total BTU Gr.Floor AHU-1 468112 AHU-2 225595 Grand Total 693707 First Floor AHU - 1 248311 AHU - 2 230803 Grand Total 479114 Second Floor AHU -1 242281 AHU -2 301416 AHU -3 92811 Grand Total 636508 Total Building Sensible Latent BTU BTU Total TR 39.0 18.8 57.8 20.7 19.2 40 20.2 25.1 7.7 53.0 Sensible Latent TR 29.2 11.9 41.1 15.4 14.3 30 15.6 18.2 7.7 41.5 TR 9.8 6.9 16.7 5.3 5.0 10 4.6 6.9 0.0 11.5 Floor TR 9.6 2.8 12.4 5.6 5.9 11 4.8 5.2 0.4 10.4 Ceiling TR 18.2 5.3 23.5 10.5 11.2 22 9.0 9.8 0.8 19.7 Total TR 27.8 8.1 35.9 16.1 17.1 33 13.8 15.1 1.3 30.1 Recommanded Dem.CF TR M 45.55 20 65.3 22 25 46 21 26 8 53.9 15204 5622 20826.0 7899 7134 15033 8123 9003 5295 22421.0

350346 117766 142668 82927 493014 200693 184709 63602 171358 59445 356067 123047 187514 54767 218040 83376 92811 0 498365 138143

1809329 1347446 461883

151

112

38

34

65

99

166

58280

For Area of 28,855 Sq.Ft Air conditioning Req 183 TR & 66,205 CFM Req (Less) Sensible load of building catered with Radiant Floor (34 TR) + Ceiling (65 TR) = 99 TR Radiant Balance TR Required 84 TR & 36505 CFM Conclusion : Reduction in Plant & Air distribution - Reduction in Capital Cost Radiant Chiller operates at higher leaving temp i.e.16 C More i.e.16 Efficient chiller Water Velocity in Radiant Pipes are less compared to conventional system Less Pump power & presssure drop

Initially Power required = 66205 x 4.5 (2.5 inch + 2 inch AHU loss) 6356 x 0.75 (Fan effiency considered 75 %) x 0.85 motor Effencey With Radiant = 36505 x 4.5 = 40 KW 6356 x 0.75 x 0.85 So Saving in AHU motor power is 35 KW x 10 Hr x 365 x 5.5 Rs/KW = 7,02,625 Rs /year

= 75 KW

Power Saving in AHU Operational Cost Conventional AHU Power input With Radiant Reduced AHU input 75 KW 35 KW

Saving AHU Power 40 KW In terms of cost Saving in AHU motor power is = 40 KW x 10 Hr x 365 x 5.5 Rs/KW = 8,03,000 Rs /year

Power Saving in Chillers Operation cost Conventional Chiller Water Temp i.e. 7 12 C Power input = 150 KW With Radiant Chiller Water Temp i.e. 16- 21 CPower input = 50 KW+ 16Balance Conventional Chiller Power Input = 55 KW Saving Chiller Power In terms of cost Saving in AHU motor power is = 45 KW x 10 Hr x 365 x 5.5 Rs/KW = 9,03,375 Rs /year 45 KW

For Area of 28,855 Sq.Ft Air conditioning Req 183 TR & 66,205 CFM Req Since we will install Radiant System to take care of Sensible Load of Building With Radiant Floor (34 TR) + Ceiling (65 TR) = 99 TR Radiant By Radiant System following additional capital cost saving More space between floor to false ceiling height i.e. 1 feet. ducting cost will be saved i.e 65 Sq.ft / TR x 99 TR (Radiant ) x 60 per Sq.ft = 3,86,100 + 1,00,000 (Supply & Return Grill) Reduce SITC cost for 99 TR i.e. chilled water piping,insulation etc = 60,000 Per TR x 99 Tr = 6,53,400

TR Capital Cost Payback Calculation Chiller + AHU System 183 10980000 (a) Radiant System Ceiling (65 TR) Area 28855 Sq.ft 28855 8584363 Radiant System Floor (34 TR) 28855 4905350 Chiller for Radiant System 99 1980000 Balance - 84 TR With conventional Chiller + AHU 84 5040000 20509713 (b) (a) Additional cost 9529713 (b) Saving in AHU + Chiller power 1706375 Saving in Maintenance of Chiller & AHU 44000 Payback Period 5.4 Years

System peculiarities

System Functions

Technical Advantage of Pex

Polyethylene cross linked Joint Less System Tested at 60 Bar pressure ,also pass ASTM Standard Flexible piping No Joint behind the wall /flooring Available in 100 / 240 meter coil Light Weight - 7 kgs for 100mts approx. Separate Pipe for each circuit Easy transportable anywhere at sight Thickness: 1.78mm 3.18 mm Connection with Manifold Compression type Life of Pipe is appropriate for 50 years Maximum working temperature 100 C Elasticity 300 500 % at 23 C Sizes 3/8 ,1/2 ,3/4 & 1

Advantages of PEX Pipe

Lack of incrustation Pipe remain Clean for longer period, even when its not in use Low noise - Systems have a high level of acoustic protection ,no turbulences in the flow. Saving time & money - Time needed is less than one required for an other system. System with total guarantee - To have perfect consistency and maximum sealing.

Technical data of PEX Pipe

System Installation : plan

Design and calculations

13 10

63 mm
40

Lateral view of the floor section

Lay insulation

Cover with Layout guide

Accessories to lay the pipes

Lay the pipes on K 389

Lay the pipes on K 389

Use of R 549 to avoid sharp bend

Cover the pipes with K393

Screed over the Metal net

Manifolds for the system

Controller (master)

Thermoregulation with bus system

The system collects the data (temperature and relative umidity) The delivery temperature is chosen according to the room conditions in order to grant the maximum power output avoiding condensation

Primary bus

Secondary bus

I/O Unit (slave)

K481 #1 K481 #2 K481 #3

-----K481 #8

Effect on Panel surface temperature based on method of installation

Case Study Food Court Area , Malad

Case Study Malad Food Court Area

Radiant Under Floor Circuits

Area : 3342 Sq.Ft ( 311 Sq.Mtr)

Case Study Malad Food Court Area Circuit - 1 Manifold

Area : 3342 Sq.Ft ( 311 Sq.Mtr) Circuit PEX Pipe Circuit 1 Length 332 Ft & Manifold Location near Column

Case Study In Orbit Malad Food Court Area

Type of Radiant Inside system Water Temp. C Temp (Water Through PEX Pipe) In Out C Under floor Under floor 18 23 21 26 24 28 - 29

RH

Capacity

Area

Total Capacity Tr 3.63 1.68

Budgetary Cost

% 65 70

watts/sqm 41 19

sqm 311 311

Rs 7,00,000.00 5,00,000.00

Capacity = 8.92 x (i f,m) where n=1.1 i = Temperature nominal indoor operative f,m = Average surface temperature 1 ) inside design temperature of 24 C operative temperature is 25 C and surface temperature when water in / out 18 / 21 is 21C Capacity = 8.92 x (4) = 41 watts per sqm 2) Incase of 23 C water in out will be 27C surface temperature 27C and inside temperature = 29 C Capacity = 8.92 x (2) = 19 watts per sqm

Case Study In Orbit Malad Food Court Area

Radiant Capacity with Chilled Water In 18 C & Out at 21C
Radiant Capacity (W / Sq.Mtr) 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 Room Ambient

watts/sqm

Note : Considering Dew Point of Area is below 18 C

Case Study In Orbit Malad Food Court Area

TEMPERATURE TEST (Cooling)

26C in Conditioned Enviorment 25.5 C

23.5 C 22.5 C 3m
KD300 ENG.ppt

21.5 C 2m 1.5 m 1m 19.5 C Floor

54

Case Study In Orbit Malad Food Court Area

System Component

Primary Piping

Secondary Piping

Control System

Case Study In Orbit Malad Food Court Area

Primary Pipings PIPE IN GIACOTHERM linked polyethylene BAO - 17x2 PLASTIC RAIL TO FIX PIPE

FLAT INSULATION ROLLS IN H30-2 (CONF.10m2)

Clips Fissatubo

INSULATION STRIP

Electro welded net

Case Study In Orbit Malad Food Court Area

Secondary Piping Pre-assembled manifolds DISTRIBUTION Pre-assembled manifolds DISTRIBUTION ADAPTERS CHROME BALL VALVE - FEMALE COUPLING - 1 " BOX FOR COLLECTORS - 800x460x110mm NC 230 VOLT ELECTRIC HEAD WITH MICRO-R473M Zone Valve - 3 Way Actuator Driven, with bypass, adjustment lockshield valves & tail Piece INTERMEDIATE CONNECTOR FOR COLLECTORS - 1 "

Case Study In Orbit Malad Food Court Area

Controls System BUS-K483A ROOM THERMOSTAT RELAY WITH TEMPERATURE AND % RH SENSOR OTSIDE TEMPERATURE SENSOR UNIT KPM20

K297 - PISTON mixing valve - DN50 - 40 Kv ENGINE WITH MANUAL CONTROL VALVE. MIXING K297 NETWORK CONTROLLER WITH PRIMARY BUS DELIVERY TEMPERATURE SENSOR POWER CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR A FLOOR TEMPERATURE CONTROLLED DELIVERY AND ENVIRONMENT DISPLAY UNIT TO CHECK PARAMETERS OF THE SYSTEM

Case Study In Orbit Malad Food Court Area

Exclusions

1 High side - Chillers, and piping from chiller to radiant system piping header. 2 Electrical works - Power supply to the manifolds. 3 PHE (If existing Chiller available) & Chilled water pipe connection up to Manifolds 4 Any control Mechanical / Electrical to regulate PHE out put i.e. Chilled water

Thanks for your Kind

ATTENTION