KIVAN AL ANIL

508052003

May 08, 2007

TANDEM/BIPLANE FOILS

KIVAN AL ANIL
508052003

May 08, 2007

The above figure shows a particular case of a tandem foils. What happens if we change the distance
between the foils?
Here, d is the distance between the
vortex points of the foils. Therefore, for a
tandem foil on the same level, minimum d
can be the chord length of the foils.

For Tandem Foils,

The first foil has larger lift owing
to the upwash induced by the
second foil.
We can see that if d is small the
effect of the second foil rises.

KIVAN AL ANIL
508052003

May 08, 2007

KIVAN AL ANIL
508052003

May 08, 2007

The above figure shows a particular case of a biplane foils. What happens if we change the distance
between the foils?

Again for the biplane foil,

The first foil has larger lift owing to the upwash induced by the second foil.
We can see that if d is small the effect of the second foil raises.

KIVAN AL ANIL
508052003

May 08, 2007

KIVAN AL ANIL
508052003

May 08, 2007

KIVAN AL ANIL
508052003

May 08, 2007

KIVAN AL ANIL
508052003

May 08, 2007

The following plot shows what happens if we change both the distance and the angle between the vortex
points of the foils. 90 degrees represents the bifoil.

KIVAN AL ANIL
508052003

May 08, 2007

tandem.m
C:\Documents and Settings\xp\My Documents\ZOVANC\Turkiy...

Page 1
May 8, 2007

% Kivanc Ali ANIL (2007)

% 508052003
%
% tandem / biplane foils
clc, clear, close all,
def0
=
{'1','3*c/2','0','1','5'};
dlgTitle
=
'Tandem / biplane foils';
prompt
=
{'Chord Length of the foils (c)',...
'The Distance between the vortex points of foils',...
'The angular Position of the second foil wrt the first foil in degrees (
90 for biplane foils)',...
'Free stream velocity (U)',...
'The flow angle of attack (alpha in degrees)'};
data
=
inputdlg(prompt,dlgTitle,1,def0);
if isempty(data)==1
clear
return
end
c
=
str2num(char(data(1)));
d
=
eval(char(data(2)));
theta
=
eval(char(data(3)))*pi/180;
U
=
str2num(char(data(4)));
alpha
=
str2num(char(data(5)))*pi/180;
% --------------------------------------------%
Leading edge
Trailing edge
XF1
=
[0
c
]; % X coordinates of the first foil
YF1
=
[0
0
]; % Y coordinates of the first foil
XF2
=
[d*cos(theta)
c+d*cos(theta) ]; % X coordinates of the second foil
YF2
=
[d*sin(theta)
d*sin(theta)
]; % Y coordinates of the second foil
% --------------------------------------------% lump vortex points of the foils
%
X
Y
GVP
= [c/4
0
% first foil
d*cos(theta)+c/4
d*sin(theta)]; % second foil
% The global collocation points of the panels
%
X
Y
GCP
= [3*c/4
0
% first foil
d*cos(theta)+3*c/4
d*sin(theta)]; % second foil
% --------------------------------------------for i
= 1:2
for j
= 1:2
r(i,j)
= ((GVP(j,1)-GCP(i,1))^2+(GVP(j,2)-GCP(i,2))^2)^.5;
beta(i,j)
=
atan((GVP(j,2)-GCP(i,2))/(GVP(j,1)-GCP(i,1)));
A(i,j)
= (1/(2*pi*r(i,j)))*cos(beta(i,j));
if j > i
A(i,j) = -A(i,j);
end
if j ~= i
line([GVP(j,1) GCP(i,1)],[GVP(j,2) GCP(i,2)],...
'linestyle',':','color',[0 0 0])
end
end
end
% --------------------------------------------% [A] {X} = {b}
b
= -U*alpha; %sin(alpha) = alpha, since alpha is small
b
= b*ones(2,1); % Transpose

tandem.m
C:\Documents and Settings\xp\My Documents\ZOVANC\Turkiy...

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May 8, 2007

X
= A\b;
% --------------------------------------------Gamma1
= X(1);
Gamma2
= X(2);
% --------------------------------------------line(XF1,YF1,'linewidth',1.5)
line(XF2,YF2,'linewidth',1.5)
hold on
circle1
=
rsmak('circle',c/10,GVP(1,:));
fnplt(circle1)
circle2
=
rsmak('circle',c/10,GVP(2,:));
fnplt(circle2,'linecolor','r')
plot(GVP(1,1),GVP(1,2),'o','linewidth',2)
plot(GVP(2,1),GVP(2,2),'o','linewidth',2)
plot(GCP(1,1),GCP(1,2),'x','linewidth',2)
plot(GCP(2,1),GCP(2,2),'x','linewidth',2)
for i
= 1:2
for j
= 1:2
if j == 1
quiver(GCP(i,1),GCP(i,2),...
-X(j)*A(i,j)*tan(beta(i,j)),...
X(j)*A(i,j),4,'b');
else
quiver(GCP(i,1),GCP(i,2),...
-X(j)*A(i,j)*tan(beta(i,j)),...
X(j)*A(i,j),4,'r');
end
end
%quiver(GCP(i,1),GCP(i,2),U*cos(alpha),U*sin(alpha),4,'k')
end
xlabel('\fontsize{15}\bf{x}');
ylabel('\fontsize{15}\bf{y}');
title(['\fontsize{20}\bf{ Tandem / biplane foils (\alpha = }',...
num2str(alpha*180/pi),'^o)']);
text(GVP(1,1)-c/18,GVP(1,2)-c/24,['\fontsize{12}\bf{\Gamma_1= }',num2str(Gamma1)])
text(GVP(2,1)-c/18,GVP(2,2)-c/24,['\fontsize{12}\bf{\Gamma_2= }',num2str(Gamma2)])
%grid
set(figure(1),'Position',[1,1,1400,930])
axis equal
% ---------------------------------------------

tandemdistance.m
C:\Documents and Settings\xp\My Documents\ZOVANC\Turkiy...

Page 1
May 8, 2007

% Kivanc Ali ANIL (2007)

% 508052003
%
% tandem / biplane foils
clc, clear, %close all,
def0
=
{'1','1*c','50*c','0','1','5'};
dlgTitle
=
'Tandem / biplane foils';
prompt
=
{'Chord Length of the foils (c)',...
'The Minimum Distance between the vortex points of foils',...
'The Maximum Distance between the vortex points of foils',...
'The angular Position of the second foil wrt the first foil in degrees (
90 for biplane foils)',...
'Free stream velocity (U)',...
'The flow angle of attack (alpha in degrees)'};
data
=
inputdlg(prompt,dlgTitle,1,def0);
if isempty(data)==1
clear
return
end
c
=
str2num(char(data(1)));
dmin
=
eval(char(data(2)));
dmax
=
eval(char(data(3)));
theta
=
eval(char(data(4)))*pi/180;
U
=
str2num(char(data(5)));
alpha
=
str2num(char(data(6)))*pi/180;
% --------------------------------------------darray
= linspace(dmin,dmax);
for k = 1:length(darray)
d
= darray(k);
% --------------------------------------------%
Leading edge
Trailing edge
XF1
=
[0
c
]; % X coordinates of the first foil
YF1
=
[0
0
]; % Y coordinates of the first foil
XF2
=
[d*cos(theta)
c+d*cos(theta) ]; % X coordinates of the second foil
YF2
=
[d*sin(theta)
d*sin(theta)
]; % Y coordinates of the second foil
% --------------------------------------------% lump vortex points of the foils
%
X
Y
GVP
= [c/4
0
% first foil
d*cos(theta)+c/4
d*sin(theta)]; % second foil
% The global collocation points of the panels
%
X
Y
GCP
= [3*c/4
0
% first foil
d*cos(theta)+3*c/4
d*sin(theta)]; % second foil
% --------------------------------------------for i
= 1:2
for j
= 1:2
r(i,j)
= ((GVP(j,1)-GCP(i,1))^2+(GVP(j,2)-GCP(i,2))^2)^.5;
beta(i,j)
=
atan((GVP(j,2)-GCP(i,2))/(GVP(j,1)-GCP(i,1)));
A(i,j)
= (1/(2*pi*r(i,j)))*cos(beta(i,j));
if j > i
A(i,j) = -A(i,j);
end
end
end
% --------------------------------------------% [A] {X} = {b}

tandemdistance.m
C:\Documents and Settings\xp\My Documents\ZOVANC\Turkiy...

Page 2
May 8, 2007

b
= -U*alpha; %sin(alpha) = alpha, since alpha is small
b
= b*ones(2,1); % Transpose
X
= A\b;
% --------------------------------------------Gamma1
= X(1);
Gamma2
= X(2);
% --------------------------------------------%Generalized Kutta-Joukowski theorem
CL1(k)
= -(2/(U*c))*Gamma1*...
(1+(U*sin(alpha)* Gamma2*A(1,2)+U*cos(alpha)* Gamma2*A(1,2)*tan(beta(1,2)))/U^2);
CL2(k)
= -(2/(U*c))*Gamma2*...
(1+(U*sin(alpha)* Gamma1*A(2,1)+U*cos(alpha)* Gamma2*A(2,1)*tan(beta(2,1)))/U^2);
% --------------------------------------------CLFP
= 2*pi*alpha; % lift coefficient for the flat plate
CLFP
= CLFP*ones(1,length(darray));
% --------------------------------------------end
% --------------------------------------------figure(2)
plot(darray,CL1,'^-',...
darray,CL2,'rv-',...
darray,CLFP,'m',...
darray,CL1+CL2,'-d','linewidth',[1.5])
xlabel('\fontsize{15}\bf{d}');
ylabel('\fontsize{15}\bf{C_L}');
legend('\fontsize{15}\bf{C_L_1}','C_L_2',...
'flat plate','C_L_1+C_L_2')
grid
set(figure(2),'Position',[1,1,1400,930])
% ---------------------------------------------

tandemdistance3d.m
C:\Documents and Settings\xp\My Documents\ZOVANC\Turkiy...

Page 1
May 8, 2007

% Kivanc Ali ANIL (2007)

% 508052003
%
% tandem / biplane foils
clc, clear, close all,
def0
=
{'1','1*c','10*c','1','5'};
dlgTitle
=
'Tandem / biplane foils';
prompt
=
{'Chord Length of the foils (c)',...
'The Minimum Distance between the vortex points of foils',...
'The Maximum Distance between the vortex points of foils',...
'Free stream velocity (U)',...
'The flow angle of attack (alpha in degrees)'};
data
=
inputdlg(prompt,dlgTitle,1,def0);
if isempty(data)==1
clear
return
end
c
=
str2num(char(data(1)));
dmin
=
eval(char(data(2)));
dmax
=
eval(char(data(3)));
U
=
str2num(char(data(4)));
alpha
=
str2num(char(data(5)))*pi/180;
% --------------------------------------------% The Minimum Distance between the vortex points of foils
darray
=
linspace(dmin,dmax);
% The angular Position of the second foil wrt the first foil in degrees (90 for biplane f
oils)
thetaarray =
linspace(0,180)*pi/180;
for m = 1:length(thetaarray)
theta
= thetaarray(m);
for k = 1:length(darray)
d
= darray(k);
thetap
=
acos(c/(2*d));
thetamatrix(k) = thetap*180/pi;
% --------------------------------------------%
Leading edge
Trailing edge
XF1
=
[0
c
]; % X coordinates of the first
foil
YF1
=
[0
0
]; % Y coordinates of the first
foil
XF2
=
[d*cos(theta)
c+d*cos(theta) ]; % X coordinates of the second
foil
YF2
=
[d*sin(theta)
d*sin(theta)
]; % Y coordinates of the second
foil
% --------------------------------------------% lump vortex points of the foils
%
X
Y
GVP
= [c/4
0
% first foil
d*cos(theta)+c/4
d*sin(theta)]; % second foil
% The global collocation points of the panels
%
X
Y
GCP
= [3*c/4
0
% first foil
d*cos(theta)+3*c/4
d*sin(theta)]; % second foil
% --------------------------------------------for i
= 1:2
for j
= 1:2
r(i,j)
= ((GVP(j,1)-GCP(i,1))^2+(GVP(j,2)-GCP(i,2))^2)^.5;

tandemdistance3d.m
C:\Documents and Settings\xp\My Documents\ZOVANC\Turkiy...
beta(i,j)
A(i,j)
if j > i
A(i,j)
end

Page 2
May 8, 2007

=
=

atan((GVP(j,2)-GCP(i,2))/(GVP(j,1)-GCP(i,1)));
(1/(2*pi*r(i,j)))*cos(beta(i,j));

-A(i,j);

end
end
% --------------------------------------------% [A] {X} = {b}
b
= -U*alpha; %sin(alpha) = alpha, since alpha is small
b
= b*ones(2,1); % Transpose
X
= A\b;
% --------------------------------------------Gamma1
= X(1);
Gamma2
= X(2);
% --------------------------------------------%Generalized Kutta-Joukowski theorem
CL1(m,k)
= -(2/(U*c))*Gamma1*...
(1+(U*sin(alpha)* Gamma2*A(1,2)+U*cos(alpha)* Gamma2*A(1,2)*tan(beta(1,2)))/U
^2);
CL2(m,k)
= -(2/(U*c))*Gamma2*...
(1+(U*sin(alpha)* Gamma1*A(2,1)+U*cos(alpha)* Gamma2*A(2,1)*tan(beta(2,1)))/U
^2);
% --------------------------------------------CLFP
= 2*pi*alpha; % lift coefficient for the flat plate
% --------------------------------------------end
end
% --------------------------------------------figure(2)
for m = 1:length(thetaarray)-1
X = [darray(m) darray(m+1); darray(m) darray(m+1)];
Y = [thetamatrix(m) thetamatrix(m+1) ; thetamatrix(m) thetamatrix(m+1)];
Z = [min(min(CL2)) min(min(CL2)); max(max(CL1)) max(max(CL1))];
surf(X,Y,Z,'FaceColor',[1 1 0],'EdgeColor' ,[1 0 0]);
hold on
surf(X,180-Y,Z,'FaceColor',[1 0.6 0],'EdgeColor' ,[1 0 1]);
end
[darray, thetaarray] = meshgrid(darray, thetaarray*180/pi);
surf(darray, thetaarray,CL1)
hold on
surf(darray, thetaarray,CL2)
%colormap(gray)
xlabel('\fontsize{15}\bf{d}');
ylabel('\fontsize{15}\bf{theta}');
zlabel('\fontsize{15}\bf{C_L}');
grid
set(figure(2),'Position',[1,1,1400,930])
% --------------------------------------------figure(3)
surf(darray, thetaarray,CL1)
hold on
surf(darray, thetaarray,CL2)
%colormap(gray)

tandemdistance3d.m
C:\Documents and Settings\xp\My Documents\ZOVANC\Turkiy...
xlabel('\fontsize{15}\bf{d}');
ylabel('\fontsize{15}\bf{theta}');
zlabel('\fontsize{15}\bf{C_L}');
grid
set(figure(3),'Position',[1,1,1400,930])
% ---------------------------------------------

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May 8, 2007