Thefollowing information may be useful. The symbolshave their usual meaning. sln, v- u 4 =21. rt'-t. slnr t 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

f =u2 +2as
lt

SPM 2005 PHYSICS P2

22.
23.

n=

real depth apparentdepth

s = u tI t a t Momentum= rnv F=ma Kinetic energy: I i,*u'

Q=It

24. V : I R 25. Power,P=N 26. lr,

fft=zt

vP
rr/

Potential energy= mgh Elastic potential energy:

tn p=v

27. Efficiencv- 'q 's x 100% -

h Y,

8. 9. 10. 11. t2. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

!r*
2

2 8 . g = 1 0 ms -2

=hPg Pressure,p p= Pressure, F L

Heat,Q = mcg Heat,Q=a7 Pr =constant T

E= m8 ,= f2 Power. = eXergt ' P trme

-

1 1-1 = t-

uv
sizeof the object

= sizeof theimage Linearmagnification

t "at L=-

fl,ihat sebelah

SULIT Section A [60 marks] Answer all questions in this section. The time suggestedto answer this section is 90 minutes. Figure 1.1 shows the scaleof an ammeter.

453U2
Examiner's Use

Mirror

FIGURE1.1 (a) Name the physical quantity measured by the ammeter.

r(a)

E
[1 mark] (b) In the spacebelow, draw the symbol for an ammeter.

E
ll markl
(c) What is the value of the smallest division on the scale?

r(b)

1(c)

A
@ State the function of the mirror located under the scale.

lI markl

\a
Total II mark]
[Lihat sebelah

453U2 Two similar loudspeakers placed0'8m apart.They emit are a coherentsoundwave. gitt walks-slowlyparallelto the two loudspeakers a distan at ce 3.2min f the loudspeakers. hearsa loud soundan? weak sounaurt".nu1Jy. front of She nigur" z.r showsthe positionsof the loud and weak sounds.

For Examiner's Use

Loud sound Weaksound Audio frequency generator Loud sound Weaksound Loudspeaker Loud sound
FIGURE2.1 (a) What is meant by a coherent wave?

2(a) []

ll marlcl
(b) The distance between three positions of the loud sound is 4.5 m, as shownin Figrne 2.1. Calculate the wavelength of the sound wave.

2(b)

13 marks)

4s3U2

fl.ihat sebelah

SULIT

11

4sty2

(c) The loud soundis hearddue to the constructiveinterference the soundwaves. of Statehow the constructiveinterferenceoccurs.
ll
II

For Examiner's Use 2(c)

ll markj

ll,ihat sebelah

Examiner' Use

Figure 3.1 shows a student standing 3 m from a plane mirror in a room. The student can seethe image of the wall clock located 2m behind him.

Wallclock

plane

FIGURE3.1 Figure 3.2 shows the top view of the student in the room.

Wallclock

Student

U
I I

FIGURE 3.2 (a) Name the light phenomenonthat enablesthe student to seethe image of the wall clock in the plane mirror.

3(a)

lI markl

Examiner's Use

(b) What is the distancebetweenthe studentand the image of the wall clock? ll markl (c) The studentthen moves 1 m towards the plane mirror. What is the distancebetweenthe studentand the image of the wall clock? U markl (d) The time shown by the wall clock is 9 a.m. By drawing the handsof the clock in Figure 3.3, completethe image of the wall clock in the plane mirror as seenby the student.
[]

3(r)

3(c)

3(A

Wall clock

FIGT]RE3.3

fl markl '(e) The studentmoves to position X. He can seethe image of the lamp in the plane mirror. In Figure 3.4, draw a ray diagramto show how the studentcan seethe image of the lamp.
Lamp

t:]

3(e)

Planemirror

student I
FIGURE 3.4

12marksl
ll,ihat sebelah

Total

SULIT 4

t7

4531t2

For Examiner's Use

(a) Sweating is one of the waYSour body maintains the body temperature of about 37"C. Sweat is largelY made uP of water and it comes from sweat glands as shown in Fisure 4.1.

Sweat gland

4.1 FIGI.-IRE

When sweat evaporates,it takes heat away from our body. (i) What is meant by evaPoration? l1 markl (ii) Using kinetic theory of matter, explain how evaporation takes away heat from our body.
4(a)

E
a@)G1)

L2marksl of factorsthat affect the rate of evaporation sweat. (b) Statetwo environmental
lt. .............

4(b)

1 L.

.......,.,...

12marksl

lLihat sebelah

4s3u2

SULIT

STILIT

t9

453U2

(c) While playingbadminton, 0.05 kg of sweatwasevaporated ftom Ahmad'sbody. calculate the quantity of heat lost from his body due to the evaporation. The latentheatof vaporisation sweatis 2.3xl0u Jkg-,. of

For Examiner's Use 4(c)

12marksl

453u2

[Lihat sebelah ST,]LIT

SULIT

2l

4531t2

For Examiner's Use

Figure 5.1 shows a piece of paper hanging from a retort stand.When air flows from the nozzle of an air pump, the paper changesits position as shown in Figure 5.2.

FIGURE5.I

FIGURE5.2

(a) Compare the position of the paper in Figure 5.1 and Figure 5.2.

lI markl
(b) F is a force that causesthe paper to changeits position. In box X, on Figure 5.2, indicate and label the direction of F that acts on the paper. ll markl (c) Explain how F is produced.
5(c)

E
12marksl

453U2

[Lihat sebelah

SULIT

SULIT

23

453U2

For Examiner's Use

to @ (i) Compared the position of the paperin Figure 5.2, how doesthe position of the paper changewhen the air flows faster? lI markl (ii) Give a reasonfor your answerin (dXi).

s(dxi)

s(dxil)

tI
lI markl (e) Namethe principle that causes observation Figurc 5.2. the in lL markl (f) Name one piece of apparatus a school laboratorywhich usesthe principle in in (e). U markl

t:]

s(e)

t:]

sa

453u2

ll,ihat sebelah SULIT

SI]LIT

).<

4sslt2

A student studies the effect of the movement of a lift on the readings of a weighing scale. The mass of the student is 50 kg. In this study, the student standson a weighing scale in a lift as shown in Figure 6.1.

Weighing scale

FIGURE 6.1 He records the readings of the weighing scale when the lift is at rest, moving up with acceleration,moving up with uniform velocity, moving down with uniform velocity and moving down with deceleration. The readings of the weighing scale in the study are shown in Table 6.1.

Movement of the lift At rest

Moving up with acceleration Moving up with uniform velocity Moving down with uniform velocity Moving down with deceleration

Readings of the weighing scale/kg

50 60

50
50 60
TABLE 6.1

453u2

ll,ihat sebelah SIJLIT

SULIT

27

453U2

For Examiner's Use

(a) The mass of the studentis 50 kg. What is the weisht of the student in newtons? .-... * lI markl (b) State two types of movement of the lift when the reading on the weighing scale is equal to the mass of the student.

6(a)

6(b)

[2 marksl (c) F is the resultant force that acts on the student. R is the normal reaction of the weighing scale on the student. m is the mass of the student. g is the gravitational acceleration. Write a general equation to show the relationship between F, R, m and g.
6(c)

lI markl @ When the lift moves up with acceleration,the normalreactionis sreaterthan

his weight. Explain why.

6(A

E
12 marksl

(e) (i)

What is observed on the reading of the weighing scale when the lift moves down with acceleration?

6(e)(i)

lI markl
(ii) Give a reason for your answer in (eXi). 6(eXii)

lI markl

4531.t2

ll.ihat sebelah SI]LIT

Total

, SULIT

29

453U2

For Examiner's Use

(a) A grazing pasture was polluted with radioactive waste from a nuclear reactor. A researchercarried out a study on the radioactive content in the milk collected from the cows in that area.He discovered the radioactive content in every litre of the milk was 1600 counts per minute. The researchercontinued to measurethe radioactiviW in the milk from that area in 10 day intervals. The results of the study are shown in Table 7.1.

Time /day

10
600
TABLE 7.1

20
240

30

40

RadioactivityI countsper minute

1600

100

40

(0

On the graph paper below, draw a graph of radioactivity against time. 12 marksl

tI

7(a)(i)

--t

:-:. ;'-':.
_!"i

:l:

1.4
: l.':

alj.t"j:

-i

.riili
-i-lf

.i'..1.r:

i-r i':: 1-if 1

35

40 Time /day
ll,ihat sebelah

453u2

SULIT

J
SULIT 31 453U2
For Examiner's Use

(ii) Using the graph in (a)(i), determine the half-life of the radioactive material
in the milk. Show on the graph how you determined the half-life. The half-life is ......... ......davs. [2 marksl

7(a)(Ii)

(o

Milk is safe to drink if the radioactivity in every litre of the milk is not more than 50 counts per minute. Using the half-life in (cXii), calculate the time when the milk from this area becomes safe to drink.

7(a)(iii)

12 marksl (b) In a nuclear reactor, raditm-226 decays to become radon-222 by releasing one alpha particle. This reaction experiencesa mass defect. (i) The number226 for radium is called its ............ number. fl mark] 7(b)(i)

Complete the equation of the react by writing the appropriatenumber in the ction boxes provided.

7(b)(Li)

L-J -) 222Rn 2He + Energy + '33nu

fl mark]

fl.ihat sebelah

ST]LIT

J
SULIT

4531.t2
The nuclear reaction of one nucleus of radium-226 experiencesa mass defect kg. of 8'6818 x 10-30 Calculate the energy releasedin the nuclear reaction' The velocity of light is 3 x 108ms-l.

For Examiner's Use

7(bxiii)

12marksf

453112

ll,ihat sebelah SI]LIT

n
Total

J
SULIT I

35

453y2

For Examiner's Use

A factory producing pesticideuses a logic systemto ensurethe volume of pesticide in a plastic bottle is within an acceptablerange. Figure 8.1 shows the arrangementof the logic system fixed beside a conveyor belt carrying bottles of pesticide. The radioactive detectors,S, and S, detect the levels of radiation passingthrough the bottles.

I
DetectorS, Radioactive * source ---!E;l= lnput S, nput S, DetectorS,

Logic gate

syslem

Pesticide Plastic Conveyorbelt FIGURE 8.1

DetectorsS, and S, will give input 0 to the logic gate systemwhen they receive a low level of radiation. DetectorsS, and Srwill give input 1to the lggic gate systemwhen they receive a high level of radiation. (a) State the level of the pesticide in the bottle if the input S, is 0. Give a reason for vour answer.
8(a)

E
12 marksl

-,

Statethe level of the pesticidein the bottle if the input S, is 1. Give a reasonfor vour answer.

8(b)

E
f2 marksl

[Lihat sebelah

4531t2

ST]LIT

J
SULIT

37

453112

For Examiner's Use

to P of Figure 8.2 showstwo combinations logic gates, and Q, that are suggested developthe logic gate.system. M

Input S,

8.2 FIGURE (c) Name the logic gate M.

ii;;;A
@ Completethe truth tables for P and Q. InputS, 0
I

n
tl

8(c)

8(d)

InputS, 0 0
I

Output

Input S, 0
I I

Input S, 0 0
1

Output

The truth table of P

The truth table of Q

14 marksl

(e) When the output of the logic gate system is 1, it indicates the volume of the pesticide in tfe bottle is within the acceptable range' of the When the output of the logic gate system is 0, it indicates the volume pesticide in the bottle is outside the acceptable range' (i) Based on the output of the truth tables in (d), which combination of logic gates is suitable lo be used for the logic gate system? Combination of logic gates: ..... (ii) Give two reasonsfor Your choice.

8(eXi)

U marlcl
8(e)(ii)

n.

12 marksl

4s3u2

ll.ihat sebelah STJLIT

tl

TotaI

453112
Section B 120 marksl Answer any one question from this section. The time suggestedto answer this section is 30 minutes. (a) A fisherman finds that his boat is at different levels in the sea and in the river. although the boat carries the same load. The density of seawater is 1 025 kg *-' and of river water is 1 000 kg . --' Figures 9.1 and 9.2 illustrate the situation of the boat in the seaand in the river. In the sea ln the river

FIGURE9.1

FIGURE9.2

( i ) What is meant by density?

r-ater displaced by the boat.

tI markl

G) Using Figures 9.1 and 9.2, comparethe levels of the boat and the volumes of
Relating the massof the boat with its load, the volume of water displaced and the density of the water, deducea relevant physics concept. 15 marksf Gr) Name the physicsprinciple that explainsthe abovesituation. ll markl (b) A submarine can sail on the sea surface and under the sea. Explain hou-a submarineon the surface submerges.

13marksl

4531t2

ll.ihat sebelah

SULIT

J
SULIT

43

4s3u2

(c) Figures 9.3 and 9.4 illustrate the working principle of a hydrometer.The depth to which the test tube sinks dependson its surrounding liquid.

Water

Alcohol

FIGURE9.3

FIGURE9.4

Explain how you would design a hydrometer that can determine a wide range of densities of liquid, using the idea of the working principle of a hydrometer shown above. Draw a diagram that shows the design of your hydrometer and in your explanation, the emphasise following asPects: (t (ii) (O the stability of the hydrometer, the sensitivity of the hydrometer, the ability to measurea wide range of densities of liquids, U0 marksl

(1v) the calibration of the hydrometer.

4531,12

lLihat sebelah SULIT

SULIT

4s

4531'12

10.1showsthe arrangement of the apparatus for an experiment to study 10 Figure a wavephenomenon.

Lamp Gap Ripple tank

t
FIGURElo.l the Figure10.2shows bright and dark bands of the wave pattern formed on the when plane waves pass through narrow and wide gaps. screen

I
Narrow gaP 10.2 FIGURE (a) (i) Explain how the dark and light bands are formed on the screen. 14 marksf ObserveFigure 10.2. Comparethe wave patternsand the wavelengths of the waves before and after they passthrough the gaps'

Widegap

(ii)

to Relate the size of the gaPS,the wave patterns and the wavelengths marksl 15 deducea relevantphysics concept.
(iii) Name the wave phenomenonshown in Figure 10'2'

U markl
ll-ihat sebelah

4s3u2

SULIT

J
SULIT 47

4531t2

(b) Figure 10.3 showsthe seashore a fishing village. During the rainy season, of waves are big. One year the waves eroded the seashore,causedthe jetty to collapse and damagedthe fishermens' boats.

FIGURE 10.3 To prevent similar damagein the future, the fishermen suggestbuilding retaining walls and relocating the jetty. Make further suggestionsof ways to help the fishermen solve their problems. You should use your knowledge of reflection, refraction and diffraction of waves to explain these suggestions,to include the following aspects: (i) (ii) (iii) the design and structure of the retaining wall, the location of the new jetty, the size or energy of the waves. [r0 marksl

4531,12

ll,ihat sebelah ST]LIT

t
SULIT

49 Section C 120 marksl Answer any one question from this section' to The time suggested answer this section is 30 minutes'

4s3112

telescope. 11 (a) Figure 11.1 shows two convex lenses,R and S, used in an astronomical and for S is 10cm' Tlie focal length for R is 40cm

R S

$
FIGURE11.1

(t

Define the power of a lens.

ll markl
12 marksl

(ii) Give two feasonswhy R is used as the objective lens of the telescope'
(iii)

Using lenses R and S, draw afay diagram on Figure 11.1 to show the formltion of the final image by the telescope at normal adjustment' Use a scale of 10 cm to 1 cm. 15 marks)

(iv) Calculate the magnification of the final image formed by the telescope at
normaladjustment. t2 marksl

4s3u2

ll,ihat sebelah SI]LIT

SULIT

51

4s3u2

(b) Presbyopia is an inability of the eye to adjust the focussing of far and near objects. This usually happenswhen we get old, where the ciliary muscle is less able to change the shape of the eye lens to focus the image on the retina, as shown in Figures 11.2 and 11.3.

FIGURE11.2

FIGURE11.3

As an opticianl, you have three designs of lenses, X, Y and Z, in youir shop. The cross-section X, Y and Z arc shown in Figure 11.4. of Design X DesignY DesignZ

FIGURE 11.4

(r) Choosethe most suitabledesign of lens in Figure Il.4 to correct the sight of
a person with presbyopia and explain the suitability of the design. (ii) Explain why the other two designs are not suitable.

Either low or high refractive index glass can be used to make the lenses. (iii) Which type of glass is most suitable to make the lens chosen in (b)(i)? Give reasonsfor your choice.

U0 marksl
t An optician is a persontrained in the detection and correction of poor eyesight.

4531t2

ll,ihat sebelah SIJLIT

E--

J
SULIT

s3

453112

12

\Iost of our electricalenergycomesfrom hydroelectricpower stationsandthermal by Thesepower stationsareconnected cablesto transmitelectricity power stations. This systemis calledthe national io ur"tr in industries,offices, schoolsandhouses. gridnetwork. (1) Statethe transformationsof energyin a hydroelectric power station. ll markl Explain briefly the importance of the national grid network system in distributing electricalenergyto the users. [4 marksl

(ii)

(b)

systemcan be set Figure 12.1showshow a model of an electrictransmission 12 that generates V of up in a laboratory.The model consistsof a power station aiternatingcurrent (a.c.) that transmitsthe electrical energy to the usersusing transmissionwires and transformersP, Q and R. wire Transmission at 24V a.c.

P Transformer

Power station at I2Y a.c.

Transformer Q
rl

c#ffi
Factories at 8 V a.c.

R Transformer

Houses at 6V a.c.
FIGURE12.1

4s3u2

ll,ihat sebelah SI.]LIT

a struT
Number of turns of the coil

55

4s3lt2

in to Ym arerequired setup a modelasin Figure12.1usingtheinforrnation Table12.1

Ilpe of transformer core

Materials of transmission wire Constantan Copper Aluminium Nichrome

t200 1000 500 400 160 t20

Solid cuprumcore Laminatedcuprumcore Solid soft iron core Laminatedsoft iron core

TABLE 12.1

(b) Using the informationin Figure l2.I andTable 12.1 determine: coil the numberof turnsin the primary coil andthe secondary of transformers P, Q and R and show your working, (ii) the type of coreyou will usein all the transformers justify your choice, and (iii) the materialyou will usefor the transmission wire andjustify your choice. lI0 marksl (c) If the resistance the transinission P wires betweentransformers and Q in the of modelat Figure12.1is 30C),calculate: (i) thecurrentthatflows in thetransmission wire, (ii) thepowerlossdueto theheating wire. effectof thecurrentin thetransmission 15 marksl (t

END OF QUESTION PAPER

453u2

[Lihat sebelah

SULiT

SIruT

57 RUANG UNTUKJAWAPAN/SPACE ANSWER F'OR

4s3u2

ngirnlSection:

...............:......."

No. Soalar/Question No.: ........

Untuk Kegunaan Pemertksa / For Examinerb We

45t:U2

ll,ihat sebelah

SUTIT

s.w.g of constantan wire

Current through resistor, (I) A

Voltage across the resistor,

Resistance

($ v

o =Iln

31C 36D 4A B 46 C
Paper 2 Section A

A2 37 42 47

D C E A

33A 38C 43 A 48 D

34 B 39D 44 C 49 C

35C 40 D 45 B 508

22 26
,JZ

Tatrle 1 From Tatrle I, the value of / will reduce when the thickness of the wire reduces whereas R will increase. This shows that loss of energy at a certain time (tr, \ = I' R) will reduce if the wire is \i
L

(a) Current

oi -@(c) 0.1 A (d) To overcome parallax error. 2 (a) Waves that contain the same wavefronts. ft) I = axlD o : 0.8 m, D :3.3 mdanr 0.8mx2.25m =gg
-z

thicker. A piece of constantan wire s.w.g 28 having a length of I = 20.0 cm is connectedto PQ. The switch is closedand the readings from the ammeter and voltmeter are recorded. The value of R is calculated. The experiment is repeated using wires of lengths 30.0 cm and 40.0 cm. Record all data in Table 2.
3

= 2.25 m 3.3 m 1 - 0 . 5 5m (c) The intersection of peak with peak of the

waves.
(a) Reflection (b) 8m (c) 7m (d)

1-

Length of wire, llclrn

Current through wire,.I/A

Voltage across the wire, VN

Resistance

o=+ln

20.0 30.0 40.0

Table 2 From table 2, the value of I will reduce when the length of the wire increases whereasR will increase. This shows that the enerry lost at a certain time will increaseif the wire is increased in length. Conclusion: The enerry lost in a resistor is inversely praportional to its thickness and changes directly with its length. KERTA$ PNPEAIKSAAN SPM 2OO5 4
lmage of the bulb

Student

X Change of liquid into gas pr:ocess. The liquid atoms absorb heat from the body to change into gas atoms. (b) 1. The flow of air. 2. Humidity of air. 3. The surface area of the liquid. 4. Atmosphericpressure" (c) Q=mL, L:2.3x106Jkgl, m = 0.05 kg The heat loss = (0.05 kg) tz.e x 1ff J kg 1) = 1.1,5x 105J (a) (i) (ii)

Paper I 1C 6B 1r. D
164 2tD 26C

!A ?ij *3e 1? D * pn g?C

8A 8A l8A 18D 28 A 28 C

4 C 9E 14 c 19D 24C 29 A

5D 10B 15A 20 A 25 C 30 A

289

(a) The edge of the paper in Figure 5"2 will rise" ib)

99{: rii) " lI Ru

u6

(iii) E = mcz, rz = 8.6818 x 10 30kg,

c= 3x108ms1 :rokg){ S x 108 m s 'r E : (8.6818 x 10 t5 J :7.I x 10

9.rr rTf fdb I + lH* E n e ill' f iRn l

I
(c.) The rapid flow of air causesa lower pressure

on the upper surface ofthe paper as compared to the bottom surface, because airflow over the bottom is slow. The lifting force will act upwards. (d) (i) The edge of the paper will continue to rise. (ii) Becausethe pressure of air continues to drop. (e) Bernoulli's principle. (0 Filter pump/insecticide sprayer/bunsen burner/carburettor, aerofoil
(a) 500 N (b) 1. Stationary.

(a) Exceeds bhe requirements of the low level radiation is receivedft) Doesnot fulfil the requirements of the rang(' as high-level radiation is received. (c) OR gate. (d) Truth table for P

Truth table for Q

Motion increases with constant velocity/ Motion decreaseswith uniform velocity. (c) R=mE+F,R:nlg-F (d) The normal reaction is the summation of the weight and the resultant force acting upwards on the student. (e) (i) The reading from the scale reduces. (ii) Weight is subtracted from the resultant force acting on the student. 2. (a) (i)

(e) (i)

(ii)

Combination of logic gates: P the 1. Input Sr1 and inPut Sr0 are range. same 2. Input Sr0 and input Sr0 or input S,1 and inPut Sr1 are in a range that is not accePtable'

Section B I (a) (i) Density is defined as the ratio of mass with volume. (ii) The level of submergence of the boat in Figure 9.1,is not deep as compared to the level ofsubmergence ofthe boat in Figure 9.2 which is deePer. The volume of seawater displaced in Figure 9.1 is low but the volume of river water displaced in Figure 9.2 is higher. The relationship between the mass of the boat and the cargo it is carrying is that as the densitY of the water reduces.the volume of water displaced by the boat increases and vice-versa' (iii) Archimedes' principle states that the mass of a floating bodY is the same as the mass of the liquid disPlaced. (b) When the ballast tanks are filled with seawater, the density of the submarine increases" Its density is more than that of seawater. As such it sinks into the seawater'

(ii) (b) (i)

Half life : 7.5 days. Mass number

290

l-1
="t,j";t
1 Sl .i rh i l i l v

Se n s i l i v rL .Y

Explanation I hYdrometer I - To submergeLhe i lrrlli wil h f,r,r*-"tl"tt "uh;and nob overturn it' I l{}w('l'sc(ilion" - To submergethe hYdromeLer J (lylinder with a bigger and not overtllrn it rliirmeter at the lower section' * A small reading scale can be Cylinder with small diameter incorPorated" on the upper section' f 'n'"P"tti*u Scale can be madc bigger or smaller than the densitY of water"
F

small diameter 3. AbilitY to measrtrt-:' Cylinder with on the upper section' a wide range o[' * Glass bulb at the lower section' densities of licluids 4. Calibration - Filled with air. I

Cu" measure the higher and lo*er densities than water'

(a)

(t)

Lights from the lamP

(ii)

I
Bright s spot

Wavefronts of water

Bottom of the ripPle tank 7 ] Screen Dark region Dark region

'l'he waterfronts formed are shown in the figure above (shaped like a convex and .u,,.r.,r" lens), cause the convergence of

parallel light rays from the lamp,into tright spots and the divergence of light rays into dark regions' - Figure 10.2 shows a narrow gap that gaP foims a circular wave and wide that form Plane waves from the incident Plane wave' - Size of the gaP determines the diffraction that is created' (a) A narrow gap produces a circular wave. (b) A wider gaP Produces a -Plane wave with the same wavelength and results in damPing of the wave. Diffraction of waves phenomenon'

(iii)

(b)

Sutrject
ll.sign and etructure of the wall i'c.1.*ining Solid that is rigid: Stone

1 . Can withstand imPact of the waves' 2 . The

Difficult to crack. curved shaPed Prevents reflection of the waves' 3 . Region where the waves are calm'

A retaining wall that is curved and not smooth' The retaining wall is built in front of the baY. has 4" Diffraction will take Place' The retaining narrow gaps. region where waves are The larger retaining wall at 5 . Shallow calm. the bottom sectionspill over high' 6 . To ensure that there is no Retaining wall must be of the waves. the region of the baY the baY region are calm Th" *""*1" (amplitude of the wave is low and its wavelength high) Amplitude of the wave is low Wavelength high in this region' Waves aie calm as compared to the cape region" Damping of waves takes place in this

ls.i@&*rrtl s*"t'lte !s*f t

e** {.!t}*f*r **e *:{ qic* **"t*

ll*giorr of the baY

291

=T!
=a

Sr:r'ti on ( l tI i ;r ) ( i) l' t lwet' o f' th e l e n s

I

(bl (i)

(ii)

FcallengtF oFTE lens (measured in meters) I " High focal length. z" Larger diameter and the intensitY of highly concentrated light. (ii)

The design ofY is the most suitable' 'l'lrr" desi gn contai ns the di verging ir r r r i converging lens' 1. The diverging lens is used to liri'rr' the image from a faraway objet:i 'tr

':

g
i{a

:: iin ;

r*

2.

(iii)
Faraway objecL,- Object lens

the retina. The converging lens is used to {irt rtr' the image from a near object on Ltrt' retina. 1. In the design of X, the image of t lr" faraway object does not fall on th'' retina or the faraway object cantltlt be seen.

(iii)
.'lmage at inftnity

(iv) Magnification:ffi
_40cm 10 cm :4

In the design of Z, the irnage ot a near object doesnot fall on the retirra or the near object cannot be seen Glass that has a high refractive index i* used in the manufacture of lenses. Th*: high value of the refractive index result* in a small angle of refraction or [ht' refractive deflection with the normal is small. 2.

:;

|2(a)(i)Potentialenergy---+Kineticenergy-+Electricalenergy (ii) 1. To ensure continuous delivery of power' 2. Can revert to another network if the existing network is faulty. 3. The overall cost of production of electricity can be reduced. 4. power can be controlled and distributed according to the demand. (b) (i) Tbansformer Calculation

Number of turns Number of turna on primary coils, on secondar5r coils' Af N" 500 1200 500 1000 400 L20

P (12 V -+ 24Y) Q Q+ V -+ 8 V)

t2v
24V 24V

Np Ns N-

3
R Q4 V -+ 6 V)

8v
24V 6V

4
Np

lvs

1. Solt irott enhances the changes in magnetisation and demagnetisation' 2. The laminated core reduces the leakage of the magnetic flux of the magnet. ener$r' The two reasons stated above can reduce the change of input electricity into heat (iii)The material that is used is copper. Copper has low resistance and is strong and highly rigid" It can reduce the conversion of input electricity into heat enerry' (c) R = 30 d!,Vo= 1-z\V"= 24Y (i)

(ii) The type of core used is the soft laminated iron core. It is used because.

A ,, =3f* =o'8

Q) (ii) The power loss : 12 R = (0.8)'z(30 = 19-2 W

292