Onomatopoeia i s a c o m b i n a t i o n o f s p e e c h - s o u n d s w h i c h a i m s a t i m i t a t i n g sounds produced in nature (wind, sea, thunder, etc), by things (machines or tools, e t c ) , b y people (sighing, laughter, patter

of feet, etc) and by animals. Combinations of speech sounds of this type will inevitably be associated with whatever produces the natural sound. Therefore the relation between onomatopoeia and the phenomenon i t i s supposed to represent is one of metonymy. There are two varieties of onomatopoeia: direct and indirect. Diret onomatopoeia is c o n t a i n e d i n w o r d s t h a t i m i t a t e n a t u r a l s o u n d s , a s ding-dong, buzz, bang, cuckoo, tintinabulation, mew, ping-pong, roar and the like. Indirect onomatopoeia i s a c o m b i n a t i o n o f s o u n d s t h e a i m o f w h i c h i s t o m a k e t h e sound of the utterance an echo of its sense. It is sometimes called "echo -writing". An example is: 'And the silken, sad, uncertain rustling of each purple curtain' (E. A. Poe),where the repetition of the sound [s] actually produces the sound of the rustling of thecurtain. Indirect onomatopoeia, unlike alliteration, demands some mention of what makes the sound, as rustling (of curtains) in the line above. The same can be said of the sound [w]i f i t a i m s a t r e p r o d u c i n g , l e t u s s a y , t h e s o u n d o f w i n d . T h e w o r d wind m u s t b e mentioned, as in: Whenever the moon and stars are set, Whenever the wind is high, All night long in the dark and wet A man goes riding by Indirect onomatopoeia is sometimes very effectively used by repeating words which themselves are not onomatopoetic, as in Poe's poem "The Bells" where the words tinkle and bells are distributed in the following manner:"Silver bells... how they tinkle, tinkle, tinkle" and further. Alliteration is a phonetic stylistic device which aims at imparting a melodic effect to t h e utterance. The essence of this device lies in the r epetition of similar sounds, i n p a r t i c u l a r c o n s o n a n t s o u n d s , i n c l o s e s u c c e s s i o n , p a r t i c u l a r l y a t t h e b e gi n n i n g o f successive words
Therefore alliteration is generally regarded as a musical accompaniment of the author'sidea, supporting it with some vague emotional atmosphere which each reader interpretsfor himself. Thus the repetition of the sound [d] in the lines quoted from Poe's poem "The Raven" prompts the feeling of anxiety, fear, horror, anguish or all these feelingssimultaneously.

1. couplets

when the last words of two successive lines are rhymed. This iscommonly marked aa,

2 . triple rhymes aaa 3. cross rhymes

abab 4. framing or ring rhymes abba