Poltica Comparada

Considerando os requisitos de liberdades civis e direitos polticos propostos pela Freedom House, apenas 45 naes podiam ser caracterizadas em 1978 como democracias, enquanto outros 82 pases correspondiam condio not free. Passadas trs dcadas, 90 pases oferecem garantias a liberdades civis e direitos polticos caractersticos de instituies democrticas, enquanto 45 naes permanecem classificados sob status not free. Metade das naes democrticas contemporneas apresenta extenso temporal de suas respectivas instituies polirquicas inferior a 20 anos. Porque algumas naes possuem instituies democrticas e outras no? porque certas democracias so estveis, enquanto outras apresentam ciclos endmicos de crise institucional, como explicar as variaes observadas na configurao das instituies polticas e no escopo de polticas pblicas? Durante o sculo XX, o uso de mtodos comparativos permitiu conferir tratamento analtico investigao poltica, buscando a construo de modelos tericos e explicaes causais empiricamente fundados para explicar a origem, estabilidade e mudana nas instituies polticas, formao de preferncias, adoo de estratgias e cursos de ao, adeso a regras e instituies, processos de delegao, condies de estabilidade e mudana institucional. Nesta disciplina, pretende-se oferecer um panorama do desenvolvimento analtico recente no campo da potica comparada. Na primeira parte , procura revisitar referncias bsicas sobre o uso da estratgia comparativa na anlise poltica, considerando o uso da comparao para formular explicaes causais ou como controle na aplicao de modelos generalizantes. A seguir, sero examinadas as diferenas do mtodo comparativo em relao a estudos de caso, experimentao e investigao estatstica. Por fim, sero analisadas diferentes estratgias de comparao, considerando nmero de variveis, casos e intervalo temporal adotados. Na segunda parte, pretende-se percorrer as principais interpretaes tericas empregadas em estudos comparados como modelos explicativos para dar conta das variaes, estabilidade e mudana institucional: Desenvolvimento econmico [Lipset, 1960; Przeworski, Alvarez, Cheibub & Limongi, 2000; Boix, 2004]; valores culturais [Almond & Verba, 1963; Putnam, 1993; Inglehart, 1997], formatos institucionais [Shugart & Carey, 1992; Lijphart, 1999] tem sido propostos como modelos interpretativos para explicar as variaes registradas na formao de instituies democrticas. Tendo esta literatura por pano de fundo, o programa do seminrio privilegia o estado da arte dos estudos comparados sobre construo democrtica, procurando identificar os achados recentes e novos aportes oferecidos por investigaes em curso.

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Andremarenco
1 Klaus von BEYME [2008]. The evolution of comparative politics. IN: CARAMANI, Daniele (ed). Comparative Politics. Oxford University Press. Gabriel ALMOND [1996]. Political science: the history of the discipline. IN: GOODIN, Robert & KLINGEMANN, Hans-Dieter. A New Handbook of Political Science. Oxford University Press. BIB

2 Arend LIJPHART [1971]. Comparative politics and comparative method. American Political Science Review, LXV. BIB

3 B. Guy PETERS [2008]. Approaches in comparative politics. IN: CARAMANI, Daniele (ed). Comparative Politics. Oxford University Press. Hans KEMAN [2008]. Comparative research methods. IN: CARAMANI, Daniele (ed). Comparative Politics. Oxford University Press.

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4 Paul PIERSON [2004]. Politics in time. History, institutions and social analysys. Princeton University Press. Charles TILLY, [2007]. Democracy. Cambridge University Press. Chap. 2 [Democracy in History], Chap. 3 [Democratization and de-democratization], Chap. 7 [Alternative Paths]

5 Peter MAIR [2008]. Democracies. IN: CARAMANI, Daniele (ed). Comparative Politics. Oxford University Press. Barbara GEDDES [2007]. What causes democratization? IN: BOIX, Carles & STOKES, Susan. The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Politics. Oxford University Press. BIB Hans KEMAN [2006]. Comparing political systems: toward a positive theory development. Working Papers Political Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.

Adam PRZEWORSKI; Michael ALVAREZ; Jos Antonio CHEIBUB, and Fernando LIMONGI, [2000]. Democracy and Development: Political Institutions and Material Well-Being in the World, 1950-1990. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. BIB
Seymour LIPSET; Kyoung-Ryung SEONG & John TORRES [1993]. Une analyse comparative des prrequis sociaux de la dmocratie. Paris, Revue Internationale des Sciences Sociales, 136. BIB

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Daron ACEMOGLU & James ROBINSON [2007]. Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy . Cambridge University Press.

8 Carles BOIX [2003]. Democracy and Redistribution. New York: Cambridge University Press. BIB Carles BOIX [2006]. The roots of democracy. Equality, inequality, and the choice of political institutions. Policy Review, 135. http://www.hoover.org/publications/policyreview/2913481.html

9 Gabriel ALMOND and Sidney VERBA, eds. [1989]. The civic culture revisited. London: Sage. BIB

10 Ronald INGLEHART [1997] Modernization and Postmodernization: Cultural, economic and political change in 43 societies. New Jersey, Princeton University Press. BIB

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11 Robert PUTNAM [2000]. Bowling Alone : the collapse and revival of american community. Imprenta New York : Simon & Schuster. BIB

12

Matthew SHUGART & John CAREY [1992]. Presidents and Assemblies. Constitutional design and electoral dynamics. Cambridge University Press. BIB

13 George TSEBELIS [2009]. Atores com poder de veto: como funcionam as instituies polticas. Rio de Janeiro, Editora FGV. BIB

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14 Arend LIJPHART [2008]. Thinking about democracy: power sharing and majority rule in theory and practice. New York, Routledge. Pippa NORRIS [2008]. Driving democracy: do power-sharing institutions work? Cambridge University Press. www.pippanorris.com

15 Prova Final pactos sem espada afiada, no passam de conversa fiada. Thomas Hobbes.

Avaliao

Prova Final 3 Fichas de leitura

Peso = 0.60

Critrios: (i) domnio bibliografia (ii) utilizao textos e autores diversos (iii) clareza e preciso redao

Peso = 0.30

Poltica Comparada

Leitura e participao em aula

Peso = 0.10

Critrios: (i) pertinncia (ii) domnio e clareza (iii) frequncia participao

Fontes e recursos

Pippa Norris Shared Datasets:

Democracy Crossnational Data Revised Spring 2008 Democracy Timeseries Data Release 2.0, Revised Spring 2008 http://ksghome.harvard.edu/~pnorris/Data/Data.htm

UNDP Annual Report 2008. Capacity development. Empowering people and institutions
http://www.undp.org/publications/annualreport2008/

UNDP [2002]. Informes sobre el desarrollo humano: profundizar la democracia en un mundo fragmentado. http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/global/hdr2002/chapters/spanish/

PNUD.

(2004). A democracia na America Latina. http://www.pnud.org.br/publicacoes/democracia/index.php Freedom House www.freedomhouse.org Polity IV Project http://www.systemicpeace.org/polity/polity4.htm International IDEA http://www.idea.int/ IFES http://www.ifes.org/

New York:

United Nations.

ACE The Electoral Knowledge Network http://aceproject.org/electoral-advice World Values Survey http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/ Latin American Research Centre http://larc.ucalgary.ca/index.php?option=content&task=section&id=15 Transparency International http://www.transparency.org/ Governance Matters 2008. Worldwide Governance Indicators, 1996-2007, World Bank http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/index.asp Political Database of Americas http://pdba.georgetown.edu/ CIA World Factbook https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/