STATION KEEPING

Geostationary satellite to be kept in its correct orbits By equatorial ellipticity of earth satellite drifts slowly along the orbits by 75E (or) 105 W To counter this drift, an appositively directed velocity component is imparted to the satellite by means of jets, which are pulsed once every 2 (or) 3 weeks. By this satellite drift back to its original position called as east-west station keeping maneuvers
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STATION KEEPING - LONGITUDE

Satellite in 6/4 GHz band must be kept within 0.1 of the designated longitude and in the 14/12 GHz band within 0.05. Geostationary satellite also drift in its latitude due to gravitational pull of sun and moon. This change causes the inclination at rate of about 0.85/ year. If it is uncorrected leads to change of inclination of about 014.67 in 26.6 years and back to zero.
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STATION KEEPING - LONGITUDE

This inclination change is corrected by appropriate jets and is termed as north-south station keeping maneuvers. C-band tolerance is 0.1 Ku band tolerance is 0.05 Orbital correction is carried by Command from TT&C earth station, which monitors the satellite position

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STATION KEEPING - ALTITUDE

Satellite altitude also changes about 0.1 percent of nominal geostationary height. Approximating the geostationary radius as 42,164km, an angle of 0.2 subtends an arc of apprx .147km. Thus both the latitude and longitutde sides of the box are 147km. Diameter of 30m beam at the satellite will be about 80km. This beam does not encompass the whole satellite and therefore could miss the satellite. So narrow beam antennas must track the satellite
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STATION KEEPING

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STATION KEEPING
Diameter of 5m antenna beam at the satellite will be about 464km and this does encompass the Box, so tracking is not required. Position uncertainty of satellite leads to propagation delay in communication

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STATION KEEPING TT & C

T Telemetry T Tracking C- Command subsystem TT & C subsystems performs several routine functions aboard the spacecraft.

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STATION KEEPING TT & C

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STATION KEEPING TT & C

Telemetry: It refers to overall operation of generating an electrical signal proportional to quantity measured and transmitting to earth station. (Measure Qnty Gen. Proportional Elec. Signal Txt. to E. S. ) Data transmitted includes, - Attitude information (About Sat.) - Environmental information (Around Sat & Earth) - Frequency of meteorite impact - Spacecraft information such as temperature, power supply, voltages, stored fuel pressure.
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STATION KEEPING TT & C

Telemetry:

Separate frequency band is allocated for this transmission. Special Omni-directional antenna is used while launching and then directional antenna used after successful placement. Telemetry and Command are complementary functions: -Telemetry subsystem transmit to earth. - Command subsystem receives from earth.

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STATION KEEPING TT & C

Tracking:

Tracking of satellite is done by satellite transmit beacon signals received at TT&C earth station. Very important for monitoring transfer and drift changes due to many disturbances. Signals transmitted by telemetry or special tracking antenna. Satellite range determined from time to time by use of propagation of signals It is complex operation, requires ground & TT&C subsystem in satellite.
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STATION KEEPING TT & C

Command : Command signal include, - attitude change - transponder switch in and out - antenna redirect - station keeping maneuvers Command signals are encrypted to prevent from unauthorized commands from other system

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