STP 1020

Fracture Mechanics: Perspectives and Directions (Twentieth Symposium)

Robert P. Wei and Richard P. Gangloff, editors

1916 Race Street Philadelphia, PA 19103

ASTM Publication Code Number (PCN: 04-010200-30) ISBN: 0-8031-1250-5 ISN: 1040-3094

Copyright 9 by A M E R I C A N

SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND M A T E R I A L S 1 9 8 9

NOTE The Society is not responsible, as a body, for the statements and opinions advanced in this publication.

Peer Review Policy

Each paper published in this volume was evaluated by three peer reviewers. The authors addressed all of the reviewers' comments to the satisfaction of both the technical editor(s) and the ASTM Committee on Publications. The quality of the papers in this publication reflects not only the obvious efforts of the authors and the technical editor(s), but also the work of these peer reviewers. The ASTM Committee on Publications acknowledges with appreciation their dedication and contribution of time and effort on behalf of ASTM.

Printed in Ann Arbor, MI November 1989

Foreword
The Twentieth National Symposium on Fracture Mechanics was held on 23-25 June 1987 at Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. ASTM Committee E-24 on Fracture Testing was the sponsor of this symposium. Robert P. Wei, Lehigh University, and Richard P. Gangloff, University of Virginia, served as coeditors of this publication. Robert P. Wei also served as chairman of the symposium.

Contents
Overview

PART I--Invited Papers

ANALYTICAL FRACTURE MECHANICS

Fracture Mechanics in Two Decades--GEORGE C. SIH Weight Function Theory for Three-Dimensional Elastic Crack Analysis-J A M E S R. RICE

29

NONLINEAR AND TIME-DEPENDENT FRACTURE MECHANICS

Softening Due to Void Nucleation in Metals--JOHN W. HUTCHINSON

A N D VIGGO TVERGAARD

61

Results on the Influence of Crack-Tip Plasticity During Dynamic Crack

Growth--L. B. FREUND
MICROSTRUCTURE AND MICROMECHANICAL MODELING

84

Creep Crack Growth--HERMANN RIEDEL The Role of Heterogeneities in Fracture--nLi s. ARGON

FATIGUE CRACK PROPAGATION

101 127

Mechanics and Micromechanics of Fatigue Crack Propagation--KEISUKE TANAKA Microstructure and the Fracture Mechanics of Fatigue Crack Propagation-E. A. STARKE~ JR.~ AND J. C. WILLIAMS ENVIRONMENTALLY ASSISTED CRACKING

151

184

Microchemistry and Mechanics Issues in Stress Corrosion Cracking-RUSSELL H. JONES, MICHAEL J. DANIELSON, AND DONALD R. BAER

209

Environmentally Assisted Crack Growth in Structural Alloys: Perspectives

a n d N e w D i r e c t i o n s - - - R O B E R T P. WEI AND RICHARD P. GANGLOFF

233

FRACTURE MECHANICS OF NONMETALS AND N E W FRONTIERS

The New High-Toughness Ceramics--A. G. EVANS

267

PART

II--Contributed Papers

ANALYTICAL FRACTURE MECHANICS

Stress-Intensity Factors for Small Surface and Corner Cracks in Plates-I V A T U R Y S. RAJU, SATYA N. ATLURI, AND JAMES C. NEWMAN, JR.

297

Intersection of Surface Flaws with Free Surfaces: An Experimental Study-C. W. SMITH, T. L. THEISS, AND M. REZVANI

317

An Efficient Finite-Element Evaluation of Explicit Weight Functions for Mixed-Mode Cracks in an Orthotropic M a t e r i a l - - G E O R G E T. SHA,
CHIEN-TUNG YANG, AND JAMES S. ONG

327

Automated Generation of Influence Functions for Planar Crack

P r o b l e m s - - R O B E R T A. SIRE, DAVID O. HARRIS AND ERNEST D. EASON
NONLINEAR AND TIME-DEPENDENT FRACTURE MECHANICS

351

Fracture Toughness in the Transition Regime for A533B Steel: Prediction of Large Specimen Results from Small Specimen TestS--TERRY INGHAM,
NIGEL KNEE, IAN MILNE, AND EDDIE MORLAND

369

Plastic Collapse in Part-Wall Flaws in PlateS--ANTHONY A. WILLOUGHBY

AND TIM G. DAVEY

390

A Comparison of Crack-Tip Opening Displacement Ductile Instability Analyses--J. ROBIN GORDON AND STEPHEN J. GARWOOD
MICROSTRUCTURE AND MICROMECHANICAL MODELING

410

Effect of Void Nucleation on Fracture Toughness of High-Strength Austenitic S t e e l s - - P A T R I C K T. PURTSCHER, RICHARD P. REED,
AND DAVID T. READ

433

Dynamic Brittle Fracture Analysis Based on Continuum Damage Mechanics-ER-PING CHEN

447

Effect of Loading Rate and Thermal Aging on the Fracture Toughness of Stainless-Steel A l l o y s - - W I L L I A M J. MILLS
FATIGUE CRACK PROPAGATION

459

Fatigue Crack Growth Under Combined Mode I and Mode II Loading-STEFANIE E. STANZL, MAXIMILIAN CZEGLEY, HERWIG R. MAYER,

AND ELMAR K. TSCHEGG

479

On the Influence of Crack Plane Orientation in Fatigue Crack Propagation and Catastrophic Failure--LESLIE BANKS-SILLS AND DANIEL SCHUR Fracture Mechanics Model of Fatigue Crack Closure in Steel-YOICHI TANAKA AND ISAO SOYA

497

514

A Finite-Element Investigation of Viscoplastic-lnduced Closure of Short

Cracks at High Temperatures--ANTHONY PALAZOTFOAND E. BEDNARZ Crack Opening Under Variable Amplitude Loads--FARREL J. ZWERNEMAN
AND KARL H. FRANK ENVIRONMENTALLY ASSISTED CRACKING

530

548

Strain-Induced Hydrides and Hydrogen-Assisted Crack Growth in a Ti-6AI-4V A U o y - - S H U - J U N GAO, HAN-ZHONG XIAO, AND XIAO-JING WAN Gaseous-Environment Fatigue Crack Propagation Behavior of a Low-Alloy Steel--P. K. LIAW, T. R. LEAX, AND J. K. DONALD The Crack Velocity-K~ Relationship for AISI 4340 in Seawater Under Fixed and Rising Displacement--RONALD A. MAYVILLE,THOMASJ. WARREN,
AND PETER D. HILTON

569

581

605

Influence of Cathodic Charging on the Tensile and Fracture Properties of Three High-Strength Steels--VERONIQUE TREMBLAY, PHUC NGUYEN-DUY, AND J. IVAN DICKSON Threshold Crack Growth Behavior of Nickel-Base Superalloy at Elevated Temperature--NOEL E. ASHBAUGHAND THEODORE NICHOLAS
FRACTURE MECHANICS OF NONMETALS AND N EW FRONTIERS

615

628

Strength of Stress Singularity and Stress-lntensity Factors for a Transverse Crack

in Finite Symmetric Cross-Ply Laminates Under Tension--JIA-MIN BAI
AND TSU-TAO LOO

641

Fracture Behavior of Compacted Fine-Grained SoiIS--HSAI-YANGFANG,

G. K. MILROUDIS, AND SIBEL PAMUKCU

659

Fracture-Mechanics Approach to Tribology Problems--YUKITAKA MURAKAMI

AND MOTOHIRO KANETA INDEXES

668

Author Index
Subject Index

691 693