Professional Documents
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LITERACY FOUNDATION
Series
Canadian Law
Road Signs
Copyright Notice
Copyright 2011 Canadian Resources for ESL All rights reserved. All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system now known or hereafter invented, without permission from the publisher, Canadian Resources for ESL/ ESL Resources. This book may be photocopied in part under the following conditions:
FAQ
Q: Can I make a copy for a teacher so she can photocopy from the photocopy for her students? A: Photocopying from a photocopy of this book is known as a pirate copy and is illegal. Isnt it better just to purchase the book with photocopy permission for less than $50? Q: Can I borrow this book from a resource centre or library, then photocopy it? A: No, that would be copyright violation. You only get a photocopy license if you purchase the book or your school has purchased site photocopy permission. Printed in Canada
Canadian Resources for ESL 15 Ravina Crescent Toronto Ontario Canada M4J 3L9 tel 416-466-7875 toll free 866-833-9485 fax 416-466-4383 toll free fax 888-342-7657 www.eslresources.com email thane@eslresources.com ISBN 978-1-894799-76-8
Literacy Foundations - Book Four Canada - In The Park Employment - Jobs ISBN 978-1-894799-75-1 Literacy Foundations - Book Five Safety & Health - Calling 911 Canadian Law - Road Signs ISBN 978-1-894799-76-8 Literacy Foundations - Book Six Government Services - Recycling Leisure - Leisure Activities
ISBN 978-1-894799-77-5
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Introduction
The illiterate of the 21st century will not be those who cannot read and write, but those who cannot learn, unlearn, and relearn. - Alvin Toffler Foundation Phase of literacy (Canadian Language Benchmarks 2000: ESL for Literacy Learners) is challenging for both students and instructors. Often these students and instructors face a multi-level group containing Literacy Phase I/II students or even more advanced levels. In this situation the students may achieve some progress through activities in isolation that focus on reading readiness concepts or basic mechanics of writing, but it would be better if they were working on the theme that their peers are working on. Materials in context keep adult learners interested, and motivates them during the sometimes intimidating learning process. There are more than 400 worksheets in this series that cover 12 themes of interest to adult ESL learners (see Theme Index). Three general principles are followed in this book: Learning for Real Effective Repetition Multi-Level Reality
Effective Repetition
Cognitive neuroscience research has discovered three crucial memory enhancement processes that influence the establishment of long-term memory: repetition of the procedure or information (Squire & Kandel, 2000), excitation at the time of learning (Phelps, 2006) and association of reward with the material to be learned (Wise, 2004). Even if the students are highly interested in the contextualized materials for the early stage literacy skills (see Appendix A: Foundation Literacy Skills Assessment) the process requires repetition for retention. This can be as simple as copying a name/telephone number on each worksheet until the information can be recalled from memory or number dictation on a sample calendar (see Appendix D). At the same time, some challenging short-term memory exercises can make the repetition more exciting. After the shared reading, short-term memory exercises are always welcomed by Foundation students. I erase the board but leave on the focused word for the day, in this case bag. I start by asking a student, whom I expect to be able to answer, How do you spell bag?. Assuming How do you spell? is one of the sentences that has been taught. A chain drill can go around the class. At first the students read the letters and spell the word. Then the first letter gets erased and replaced with a line as a reminder, and the same chain drill takes place. There is a feeling of fulfillment as students go through the process from bag to _ a g to _ _ g to _ _ _. Later on, when the literacy students are ready to take on a sentence level exercise, words in the focused structure of the dialogue can be replaced with lines as a variation of this activity:
A:Doyouneeda__? B:No,thanks.
Students need to get familiar with regular classroom activities, including matching, underlining, crossing out, circling, checking boxes, sequencing, filling in blanks and playing different board or card games with classmates. The activities in this series have a structured format and are repeated in most of the units. The activities focus on the literacy skills of Foundation Phase (see Literacy Competency Index). In this way, both classroom routine activities and literacy skills are exercised and spiralled in each unit. To help the information sink in without boring the students, a variety of activities which address different learning styles make the repetition more exciting and effective. The activities in this series cover all seven original multiple intelligences (Howard Gardner, 1983) including spatial, linguistic, logical, kinaesthetic, musical, interpersonal and intrapersonal so that the students can approach the literacy skills from different angles. For example, when introducing the concept of pattern with classroom objects (see Book 2 In the Classroom, Finishing The Patterns), the teacher may use sound associated with these objects, such as crumpling a paper, erasing with an eraser, snapping closed a binder and tapping a pencil. These sounds help students understand what a pattern means in music and is a different way to express a pattern other than pictures. There are more and more resources of sound online if internet access is not an issue at your school. Music that can be integrated into a Foundation lesson can be the change of pitch, volume or pace. For example, loud/soft sound of dental drill, fast/slow rhythm of hand saw can always be universally understood by Foundation students from different backgrounds for the theme Jobs.
create a challenge for the instructor. One way to deal with the situation is to present tasks that all the literacy students can do, such as signing in for attendance or organizing a binder etc. To encourage students to come to school regularly, a large weekly calendar with a class list hung in front of the classroom is very helpful (see Appendix E). The month, week, days and dates can be made replaceable with either magnets or Velcro. Before the class starts, the students go and check their own attendance under the date. However, no comments on punctuality or attendance should be made as the students all have commitments as adults and may not be able to make it even though they have made every effort to come to school on time and as often as they can. A way to handle a multi-level literacy group is to have a little application of operation research with some prep. With the shared reading dialogue written on lined paper (see the last 2 worksheets in each unit) with pencil, I am ready for my three groups. The Foundation Phase student can trace with a marker; Phase I students always enjoy copying on lined paper; the non-Roman alphabet ESL learner usually can finish copying in a fraction of time of the others and then she has the opportunity to practise pronunciation with me, which gets her prepared for the following pair work. To ease the rush in a multi-level literacy class, students may get different tasks during the same activity. For example, when the teacher dictates a simple story Grandpa is 60 years old. (see Book One - Family Tree), the pre-literate students may choose the correct picture from the flash cards, and the non-Roman alphabet ESL learners may make notes about the figure on lined paper. When taking up the activity, the teacher asks the Flash Card group to hold up the picture while the other group reads the numbers. Then the teacher can reconstruct the sentence drawn from both answers as a review. For example, Grandpa is 60 years old. Flash cards make a multi-level class come alive. Flash cards have become literacy classroom staples and there are over 60 flash cards included in this series. Besides the traditional flashing technique, they can be used in more activities and be part of the effective repetition spiral in a lesson. Some of them can be individual activities while the others can be a race against the clock, a timed activity, or a team competition, if the students like that kind of pressure. More importantly, the students should be able to take their time and enjoy the process. See Table 1 for a list of flash card activities suitable in a Foundation class.
Sophie Wang
Back and Forth It is useful to practise numbers. Students sequence number cards 1-6 and flash cards in response to what the teacher says. Then the teacher calls out a number and each student holds up their card or says what is in the picture. Charades Students take turns coming to the front. The teacher shows him/her a flash card. The student acts out what is in the picture. The rest of the group guess which card he/she is mimicking. Colouring flash cards not only exercises motor skills, but the teacher ends up with coloured cards ready to be posted on the bulletin board.
Colouring
Dictate PicCloze
Display flash cards on the teachers desk. Students work in pairs. One student comes to the desk, memorizes the sequence of the picture, then returns to his/her partner and tells them the sequence. His partner organizes their copies of flash cards or chooses the right picture on a worksheet (see Appendix F for a blank dictate-cloze sheet). Cut the flash cards into 2-4 pieces and ask students to put them back together (see Appendix C for a Jigsaw Puzzle Template). Display one set of flash cards on the desk, side by side, face down. In a nearby area, display another set of cards, side by side, also face down. Students take turns flipping over one card from each group. If they are the same, the student keeps both cards. If not, he/she puts them back face down. The game ends when all the cards are collected by students. The one with most cards wins. Place the flash cards of your choice on desks. Give the students a minute or two to memorize all the cards. Cover the cards and see how many they can remember. Place the flash cards on desks. Give the students a minute or two to memorize all the cards. Cover all the flash cards with a flipchart paper and then remove one. Students have to figure out which one is removed.
Jigsaw
Memory 1
Memory 2
Memory 3
Table 1 Continued - Foundation Flash Card Activities Puzzle Grouping Cut each flash card into 2-4 pieces and hand them out to your students. The students who hold the matched two pieces become partners working in a pair/group activity.
Revealing
Cover a flash card with a piece of paper and slowly reveal it until the students have guessed what picture it is.
Short-memory Flashback
Put 4 cards on the whiteboard and draw a grid around them. The teacher points to the cards in turn and the students say what is in the picture. Repeat this procedure a few times and then cover or remove the first card. Point to the blank grid and encourage the students to say the word of the removed flash card. Then finish reading every grid. Put the first one back in the grid and remove the second one. When the students are ready, the teacher can either remove more than one card at a time or hold cards in front of the empty grid asking the students to respond Yes or if the card is the correct one. Shuffle two or three sets of the same flash cards and hand them out to students. They take turns drawing a card from their hand, saying what is on the card and then placing it in the middle of the desk. If a player draws a card the same as the previous one, the first player who shouts Snap! wins all the cards in the middle pile. The winner is the player who has all the cards. Put a group of flash cards in a line on the whiteboard. Move a rod along the cards and give a clue to indicate a flash card. The clue can be as easy as showing another flash card that is same as one of those on the board. Students say Yes or Stop when the rod is above the correct flash card. Another way is for the teacher to give the students a verbal clue. For example, she tells the students to say Stop or Yes when the rod is above a triangle shape. Once the procedures are familiar, a student can come to the front to move the rod. Each student gets a card. The class listens to the teacher tell the story. Students put their picture onto to the whiteboard in the proper sequence.
Snap
Story Sequencing
Theme Index
Themes Address Family Tree Media In the Classroom Vehicles Shopping In a Park b, x, g, a, o l, t, i, p, r, goose, maple, loon, lily d, r, i v, e, s, u, b, k, y BUS Y, e, s, N, o Yes, No T, V, N, E, W, S TV, NEWS d, m, n, o, s dad, mom, son A, D, R, E, S A, D, R, E, S d, m, n, mom, son K, V, W, TV Y, N, Yes, No k, u, y, B, BUS, bike b, x, bag, box l, t, i, p, r loon d, v, driver, part time a, c, e, o, s digits 0-9 Road Signs shapes a, c, e, o, s, fire Unit Topics Reading Writing
Book
Housing
Family Life
Education
Transportation
Commercial Services
Canada
Employment
Jobs
Calling 911
Canadian Law
H, S, T, P, STOP
Leisure
Straight Stroke
Circular Stroke
Combined Stroke
E: Book 1 (ADDRESS)
F: Book 5*
I: Book 4* Book 6*
L: Book 4*
* Reading only
Small Letters
Tail Letters
y: Book 3 ( subway)
Straight
i: Book 4 (lily)
v: Book 4 (driver)
w: *Book 2
x: Book 3 (box)
z: Book 6 (zoo)
Circular
b: Book 3 (box)
a: Book 5 (accident)
Combined
r: Book 4 (beaver)
n: Book 1 (son)
m: Book 1 (mom)
Appendices
A - 1 Foundation Literacy Skills AssessmentReading A - 2 Foundation Literacy Skills AssessmentWriting A - 3 Foundation Literacy Skills AssessmentPre-numeracy B - Blank Memory Game Cards C - Jigsaw Puzzle Template D - Sample Calendar for Number Dictation E - Attendance Sheet F - Dictate-cloze Blank Sheet
68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77
References
Sophie Wangs Foundations - Book Five - 911 & Road Signs 2011 Canadian Resources for ESL www.eslresources.com 1-866-833-9485
Literacy Foundation
911. Whats the emergency? Fire! Where is it? 10 King Street. Whats your name? Frank.
Sophie Wangs Foundations - Book Five - 911 & Road Signs 2011 Canadian Resources for ESL www.eslresources.com 1-866-833-9485
Literacy Foundation
Discuss with your group: In what situation should someone call 911? Cut out the cards and match yours with a partners.
sample only
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Literacy Foundation
Circle the same picture.
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Literacy Foundation
Cross out the picture that is different.
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Sophie Wangs Foundations - Book Five - 911 & Road Signs 2011 Canadian Resources for ESL www.eslresources.com 1-866-833-9485
Literacy Foundation
Cut out the puzzle pieces and put them back together.
fire
sample only break-in
accident
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poison
Sophie Wangs Foundations - Book Five - 911 & Road Signs 2011 Canadian Resources for ESL www.eslresources.com 1-866-833-9485
Literacy Foundation
Count how many letters there are in the words and write the number down beside the letter.
a __ c __ e __ o __ s __
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fire
break-in
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accident poison
Sophie Wangs Foundations - Book Five - 911 & Road Signs 2011 Canadian Resources for ESL www.eslresources.com 1-866-833-9485
Literacy Foundation
Circle the same letter.
a e o s a c a c s o e s a o e o c a o e www.eslresources.com s a s o e
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Literacy Foundation
Draw lines to match the same letter.
a c e s
s o a c e
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Literacy Foundation
Trace.
a a a a c c c c e e e e
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o o o o s s s s
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Sophie Wangs Foundations - Book Five - 911 & Road Signs 2011 Canadian Resources for ESL www.eslresources.com 1-866-833-9485
Literacy Foundation
Circle the letter in the same position.
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c sample only e s c e
s e
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c a
a c e s
a e s
Literacy Foundation
Trace and copy.
f
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Underline the f.
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Sophie Wangs Foundations - Book Five - 911 & Road Signs 2011 Canadian Resources for ESL www.eslresources.com 1-866-833-9485
Literacy Foundation
Trace and copy.
fire
f f
i i r r
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e e
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Literacy Foundation
Connect the dots, starting from 0.
2 3 4
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6 7 8 9
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Sophie Wangs Foundations - Book Five - 911 & Road Signs 2011 Canadian Resources for ESL www.eslresources.com 1-866-833-9485
Literacy Foundation
Colour the number 911 red.
sample only 1 2 3
4 7 * 5 8 0 6 9 #
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Literacy Foundation
Circle all the 911s in the picture.
911
991
91 1 71 9
sample only1 91
911 119
911
19 9
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941
911
17 9
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Sophie Wangs Foundations - Book Five - 911 & Road Signs 2011 Canadian Resources for ESL www.eslresources.com 1-866-833-9485
Literacy Foundation
There are three 911s in the number search. Find and circle all of them.
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Literacy Foundation
Talk about the pictures.
Cut out the cards and match yours with a partners. Sequence the cards by listening to the teachers instructions.
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Sophie Wangs Foundations - Book Five - 911 & Road Signs 2011 Canadian Resources for ESL www.eslresources.com 1-866-833-9485
Literacy Foundation
Circle the group that has more pictures.
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Literacy Foundation
Listen to the number your teacher says. Circle the correct number of objects. Write the number at the bottom corner.
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Sophie Wangs Foundations - Book Five - 911 & Road Signs 2011 Canadian Resources for ESL www.eslresources.com 1-866-833-9485
Literacy Foundation
Cut out the pictures at the bottom of the page. Match them to the emergencies.
1 2 3 4
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Literacy Foundation
Story Sequencing Worksheet 1
Your teacher will read the story. Check the picture when you hear the word.
1 2 3 4
22
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Sophie Wangs Foundations - Book Five - 911 & Road Signs 2011 Canadian Resources for ESL www.eslresources.com 1-866-833-9485
Literacy Foundation
Story Sequencing - Worksheet 2
Cut out the pictures in Worksheet 1. Put them in sequence when your teacher reads the story.
1 2 3
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Literacy Foundation
Story Sequencing Instructions
1. 2.
The instructor reads short stories. Students sequence the cards according to the stories.
Variation 1: Students can glue the cards onto a flipchart paper and colour the pictures.
Variation 2: Students tell the stories back to the teacher according to the cards.
sample only
1. My friend drank poison. The ambulance is coming. 2. The house is on fire. The fire truck is coming. 3. There is a break-in in my building. The police are coming. 4. There was a car accident. A police car is coming.
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Sophie Wangs Foundations - Book Five - 911 & Road Signs 2011 Canadian Resources for ESL www.eslresources.com 1-866-833-9485
Literacy Foundation
Role Play: Calling 911
Prerequisite The students should be able to spell their own name and address.
Instructions: 1. Fold the role play tag on next page into half and place it on a desk to represent the police station. 2. Hand out the emergency cards: fire, break-in, accident and poison. One for each student. 3. The teach or a student plays the operator. Students take turns to play the caller describing the situation on their emergency cards.
Sample script: (phone rings) Operator: Caller: Operator: Caller: Operator: Caller:
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911. Whats the emergency? Fire. Where is it? 10 King Street. (students address) Whats your name? Ali. (students name)
Operator: Caller:
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How do you spell it? A li. Please hold.
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Operator:
Sophie Wangs Foundations - Book Five - 911 & Road Signs 2011 Canadian Resources for ESL www.eslresources.com 1-866-833-9485
Literacy Foundation
Role Play Tag
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Literacy Foundation
Flash Card 91: Fire
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Literacy Foundation
Flash Card 92: Break-in
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Literacy Foundation
Flash Card 93: Accident
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Literacy Foundation
Flash Card 94: Poison
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Literacy Foundation
Flash Card 95: Police
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Literacy Foundation
Flash Card 96: Police Car
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Literacy Foundation
Flash Card 97: Ambulance
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Literacy Foundation
Flash Card 98: Fire Truck
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Literacy Foundation
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Safety and Health Calling 911 Safety and Health Calling 911
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