Contributing discipline to OB

Psychology Psychology is the science that seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behaviour of humans and other animals. To use psychological and organizational theory and research to improve organizational effectiveness and the work life of all individuals. psychologists concern themselves with studying and attempting to understand individual behaviour learning, perception, personality, emotions, training, leadership effectiveness, needs and motivational forces, job satisfaction, decision-making process, performance appraisals, attitude measurement, employee selection techniques, work design and job stress Sociology Sociologists study the social system in which individuals fill their roles Sociology studies people in relation to their fellow human beings to improve organizational performance. Study of group behaviour in organisations, group dynamics, design of work teams, organisational culture, formal organisational theory and structure, organisational technology, communications, power and conflict Social psychology An area within psychology that blends concepts from psychology and sociology and that focuses on the influence of people on one another. Major area: change how to implement it and how to reduce barriers to its acceptance Study areas: measuring, understanding and changing attitudes, communication patters, building trust, the ways in which group activities can satisfy individual needs, group decision-making processes Anthropology The study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities. Study on culture and environment has helped us understand differences in fundamental values, attitudes, and behaviour between people in different countries and within different organisations Political science The study of the behaviour of individuals and groups within a political environment Study areas: structuring of conflicts, allocations of power, how people manipulate power for individual self-interest

Models of Organizational Behavior

Autocratic - The basis of this model is power with a managerial orientation of authority. The employees in turn are oriented towards obedience and dependence on the boss. The employee need that is met is subsistence. The performance result is minimal. Custodial - The basis of this model is economic resources with a managerial orientation of money. The employees in turn are oriented towards security and benefits and dependence on the organization. The employee need that is met is security. The performance result is passive cooperation. Supportive - The basis of this model is leadership with a managerial orientation of support. The employees in turn are oriented towards job performance and participation. The employee need that is met is status and recognition. The performance result is awakened drives. Collegial - The basis of this model is partnership with a managerial orientation of teamwork. The employees in turn are oriented towards responsible behavior and self-discipline. The employee need that is met is self-actualization. The performance result is moderate enthusiasm. Although there are four separate models, almost no organization operates exclusively in one. There will usually be a predominate one, with one or more areas over-lapping in the other models. Model depends on Managerial orientation Employee orientation Employee psychological result Employees needs met Performance result Autocratic Power Authority Obedience Dependence on boss Subsistemce Minimum Custodial Economic resources Money Security Dependence on organization Maintenance Passive cooperation Supportive Leadership Support Job Participation Higher-order Awakened drives Collegial Partnership Teamwork Responsiblity Self-discipline Self-actualization Moderate enthusiasm