CHAPTER-1 1.

INTRODUCTION
In a remote area where there is no electricity supply readily available. If there is a poultry farm nearby which needs water and electricity for the farm. This could be done by the use of renewable energy. Renewable energy is an energy which comes from natural resources such as sunlight, water, wind, tidal, etc., in remote areas there will be a vast availability of solar and wind energy. But by using solar we cannot pump the water from the well. In this project we utilize the wind energy for pumping the water and generating the electricity.

2. Renewable energy
Renewable energy is energy which comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat, which are renewable (naturally replenished). About 16% of global final energy consumption comes from renewable, with 10% coming from traditional biomass, which is mainly used for heating, and 3.4% from hydroelectricity. New renewable (small hydro, modern biomass, wind, solar, geothermal, and biofuels) accounted for another 3% and are growing very rapidly. The share of renewable in electricity generation is around 19%, with 16% of

global electricity coming from hydroelectricity and 3% from new renewable sources.

2.1Why we use wind energy in this project?

In remote area normally too much of wind is available readily. And also we construct a windmill in remote area is easy so we select wind energy for this project.

3. Windmill
A windmill is an engine that is powered by the wind to produce energy. Often they are in a large building like traditional post mills, smock mills and tower mills. The energy windmills produce can be used in many ways, traditionally for grinding grain or spices, pumping water, sawing wood or hammering seeds. Modern wind turbines. power machines are more are commonly used for generating electricity and called wind

3.1Wind power
Wind power is the conversion of wind energy into a useful form of energy, such as using wind turbines to make electricity, windmills for mechanical power, wind pumps for water pumping or drainage, or sails to propel ships. The total amount of economically extractable power available from the wind is considerably more than present human power use from

all sources. At the end of 2010, worldwide nameplate capacity of wind-powered generators was 197 gig watts (GW).Wind power now has the capacity to generate 430 TWh annually, which is about 2.5% of worldwide electricity usage. Over the past five years the average annual growth in new installations has been 27.6 percent. Wind power market penetration is expected to reach 3.35 percent by 2013 and 8 percent by 2018. Several countries have already achieved relatively high levels of wind power penetration, such as 21% of stationary electricity production in Denmark, 18% in Portugal, 16% in Spain, 14% in Ireland and 9% in Germany in 2010. As of 2011, 83 countries around the world are using wind power on a commercial basis. A large wind farm may consist of several hundred individual wind turbines which are connected to the electric power transmission network. Offshore wind power can harness the better wind speeds that are available offshore compared to on land, so offshore wind powers contribution in terms of electricity supplied is higher.Although a variable source of power, the intermittency of wind seldom creates problems when using wind power to supply up to 20% of total electricity demand, but as the proportion rises, increased costs, a need to use storage such as pumped-storage hydroelectricity, upgrade the grid, or a lowered ability to supplant conventional production may occur. Power management

techniques such as excess capacity, storage, dispatch able backing supply (usually natural gas), exporting and importing power to neighboring areas or reducing demand when wind. The construction of wind farms is not universally welcomed, but any effects on the environment from wind power are generally much less problematic than those of any other power source.

Fig-1

Fig-2

3.2Wind energy
The Earth is unevenly heated by the sun, such that the poles receive less energy from the sun than the equator; along with this, dry land heats up (and cools down) more quickly than the seas do. The differential heating drives a global atmospheric convection system reaching from the Earth's surface to the stratosphere which acts as a virtual ceiling. Most of the energy stored in these wind movements can be found at high altitudes where continuous wind speeds of over 160 km/h (99 mph) occur. Eventually, the wind energy is converted through friction into diffuse heat throughout the Earth's surface and the atmosphere.

The total amount of economically extractable power available from the wind is considerably more than present human power use from all sources. The most comprehensive study as of 2005 found the potential of wind power on land and near-shore to be 72 TW, equivalent to 54,000 MToE (million tons of oil equivalents) per year, or over five times the world's current energy use in all forms. The potential takes into account only locations with mean annual wind speeds 6.9 m/s at 80 m.

3.3Distribution of wind speed

Fig-3

Distribution of wind speed (red) and energy (blue) for all of 2002 at the Lee Ranch facility in Colorado. The histogram shows measured data, while the curve is the Rayleigh model distribution for the same average wind speed. The strength of wind varies, and an average value for a given location does not alone indicate the amount of energy a wind turbine could produce there. To assess the frequency of wind speeds at a particular location, a probability distribution function is often fit to the observed data. Different locations will have different wind speed distributions.

3.4 Wind farms

A wind farm is a group of wind turbines in the same location used for production of electric power. A large wind farm may consist of several hundred individual wind turbines, and cover an extended area of hundreds of square miles, but the land between the turbines may be used for agricultural or other purposes.

Table-1 Top 10 countries by nameplate wind power capacity (2010) China United States Germany Spain India Italy France United Kingdom Canada Denmark 4,008 3,734 44,733 40,180 27,215 20,676 13,066 5,797 5,660 5,204

Table-2

Top 10 EU countries by wind power electricity production (December 2010) Spain Germany United Kingdom France Portugal Denmark Netherlands Sweden Ireland Greece Austria 9,600 8,852 7,808 3,972 3,500 3,473 2,200 2,100 42,976 35,500 11,440

3.5 Wind power usage

Worldwide there are now many thousands of wind turbines operating, with a total nameplate capacity of 194,400 MW. World wind generation capacity more than quadrupled between 2000 and 2006, doubling about every three years. The United States pioneered wind farms and led the world in installed capacity in the

1980s and into the 1990s. In 1997 German installed capacity surpassed the U.S., a position it held until passed by the U.S. in 2008. China rapidly expanded its wind installations in the late 2000s and passed the U.S. in 2010 to become the world leader.

3.5.1 Growth trends

In 2010, more than half of all new wind power was added outside of the traditional markets in Europe and North America. This was largely from new construction in China, which accounted for nearly half the new wind installations (16.5 GW).

Fig-4

Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC) figures show that 2007 recorded an increase of installed capacity of 20 GW, taking the total installed wind energy capacity to 94 GW, up from 74 GW in 2006. Despite constraints facing supply chains for wind turbines, the annual market for wind continued to increase at an estimated

rate of 37%, following 32% growth in 2006. In terms of economic value, the wind energy sector has become one of the important players in the energy markets, with the total value of new generating equipment installed in 2007 reaching 25 billion, or US$36 billion. Although the wind power industry was affected by the global financial crisis in 2009 and 2010, a BTM Consult five year forecast up to 2013 projects substantial growth. Over the past five years the average growth in new installations has been 27.6 percent each year. In the forecast to 2013 the expected average annual growth rate is 15.7 percent. More than 200 GW of new wind power capacity could come on line before the end of 2013. Wind power market penetration is expected to reach 3.35 percent by 2013 and 8 percent by 2018.

3.5.2 Cost trends

Wind power has low ongoing costs, but a moderate capital cost. The estimated average cost per unit incorporates the cost of construction of the turbine and transmission facilities, borrowed funds, return to investors (including cost of risk), estimated annual production, and other components, averaged over the projected useful life of the equipment, which may be in excess of twenty years. Energy cost estimates are highly dependent on these assumptions so published cost figures can differ substantially. A

2011 report from the American Wind Energy Association stated, "Wind's costs have dropped over the past two years, in the range of 5 to 6 cents per kilowatt-hour recently.... about 2 cents cheaper than coal-fired electricity, and more projects were financed through debt arrangements than tax equity structures last year.

3.6 Wind power in India

The development of wind power in India began in the 1990s, and has significantly increased in the last few years. Although a relative newcomer to the wind industry compared with Denmark or the US, India has the fifth largest installed wind power capacity in the world. In 2009-10 India's growth rate was highest among the other top four countries. As of 31 March 2011 the installed capacity of wind power in India was 14550 MW, mainly spread across TamilNadu (6007 MW), Gujarat (2175.60 MW), Madhya Pradesh (275.50 MW), Kerala (32.8 MW), Maharashtra (2310.70 MW), Rajasthan (1524.70 MW), Andhra Pradesh (200.20MW) Orissa (2MW),

West Bengal (1.1 MW) and other states (3.20 MW) It is estimated that 6,000 MW of additional wind power capacity will be installed in India by 2012.

Wind power accounts for 6% of India's total installed power capacity, and it generates 1.6% of the country's power. India's wind atlas is available.

3.7 wind power in TamilNadu (6007 MW)

Tamil Nadu is the state with the most wind generating capacity: 6007 MW constituting almost 47% of the total capacity of India. Not far fromAralvaimozhi, the Muppandal wind farm, the largest in the subcontinent, is located near the once impoverished village of Muppandal, supplying the villagers with electricity for work. The village had been selected as the showcase for India's $2 billion clean energy program which provides foreign companies with tax breaks for establishing fields of wind turbines in the area. In Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore and Tiruppur Districts having more wind Mills from 2002 onwards, specially, Chittipalayam, Kethanoor, Gudimangalam, Poolavadi, Murungappatti (MGV Place), Kottamangalam, Kumarapalayam, Anthiur, Sunkaramudaku, Edyarpalayam, KongalNagaram, Gomangalam,

Bogampatti, Puliya Marathu Palayam, Chandrapuram are the high wind power production places in the both districts.