The following information was generated from the Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), a database of the National

Library of Medicine's TOXNET system (http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov) on October 19, 2011. Query: Records containing the term 81 88 9 1 NAME: RHODAMINE B RN: 81-88-9 HUMAN HEALTH EFFECTS: EVIDENCE FOR CARCINOGENICITY: No data are available in humans. Limited evidence of carcinogenicity in animals. OVERALL EVALUATION: Group 3: The agent is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans.[IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: http://monographs.iarc.fr/index.php, p. S7 71 (1987)] **PEER REVIEWED** HUMAN TOXICITY EXCERPTS: ... INJURIOUS TO ... HUMAN EYE.[Grant, W.M. Toxicology of the Eye. 3rd ed. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, 1986., p. 381] **PEER REVIEWED** Some important causes of occupational phototoxic or photoallergic reactions /are rhodamine dyes/. /Rhodamine dyes/[Zenz, C. Occupational Medicine-Principles and Practical Applications. 2nd ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby-Yearbook, Inc, 1988., p. 148] **PEER REVIEWED** This communication reports of two cases of digital clubbing in a factory manufacturing matches in Vitilevu, Fiji Islands. Both these cases were occupationally exposed to chemicals used in the manufacture of matches. They had physical contact with these chemicals including rhodamine B dye. Subjects who worked in the same factory area, including one worker who had FEV1.0 and FVC values below the predicted normal, but who did not handle chemicals showed no evidence of finger clubbing.[Dharmawardene LI; Ceylon Med J 36 (2): 73-6 (1991)] **PEER REVIEWED** <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed &dopt=Abstract&list_uids=1913990" target=new>PubMed Abstract The effects of acute exposure to rhodamine-B were described in 17 patients who were exposed to the aerosolized dye in a maintenance shop. Approximately 10 pounds of rhodamine-B powder was spilled onto the floor of a vehicle maintenance shop; the aerosol resulted from the sweeping of the powder during cleanup. The mean duration of exposure to the dispersed dust was 26 minutes. Sixteen of the patients complained of acute symptoms including: burning of the eyes, excessive tearing of the eyes, nasal burning, nasal itching, chest pain and/or tightness, rhinorrhea, cough, dyspnea, burning of the throat, burning pruritic skin, chest burning, headache, and nausea. Chest x-rays demonstrated no acute pulmonary pathology. All of the patients had resolution of their symptoms within 24 hours of exposure, with 63 percent reporting resolution within 4 hours. Acute exposure to rhodamine-B may result in transient mucous membrane and

skin irritation without evidence of serious sequelae.[Dire DJ, Wilkinson JA; J Toxicol, Clin Toxicol 25 (7): 603-07 (1987)] **PEER REVIEWED** The effect of the cosmetic dye rhodamine B on the proliferation of human lip fibroblasts (KD cells) was investigated in a culture system. Rhodamine B at 25 ug/ml and above significantly decreased the number of the cells after a 72 hr culture. A time course study revealed that 50 ug/ml of rhodamine B-induced decrease in the cell number occurred after 48 hr and longer, suggesting that the dye inhibited cell proliferation without a decrease in cell attachment. The detachment of (3)H thymidine-labeled cells from the monolayer was unaffected by rhodamine B at 100 ug/ml and below. The incorporation of (3)H thymidine and (14)C-leucine into the acid-insoluble fraction of the cell layer was significantly inhibited by 50 ug/ml rhodamine B treatment. Histologically, the damage of KD cells was not marked, however, a degenerative change of nuclei and an irregular shape of the cells as well as a decrease in the cell number were caused by 50 ug/ml rhodamine B. Rhodamine 6G caused a severe damage of the cells, and rhodamine B significantly decreased the cell number; rhodamine 123 had no significant effect; rhodamine 116 significantly increased the cell number. ... Rhodamine B inhibits the proliferation of human lip fibroblasts.[Kaji T et al; Toxicology 68 (1): 11-20 (1991)] **PEER REVIEWED** <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed &dopt=Abstract&list_uids=1871776" target=new>PubMed Abstract To investigate the effect of the cosmetic dye, rhodamine B, on the metabolism of collagen in fibroblasts, confluent KD cells, an established cell line of fibroblasts from human lip, were cultured for 6 hr in a serum-free medium in the presence of the dye at 100 ug/ml and below. It was found that rhodamine B significantly decreased the content of procollagen type I C-terminal peptide antigen in both the cell layer and the medium with an only slight decrease in the cell number. Rhodamine B significantly decreased the incorporation of (3)H proline into either the collagen-digestible protein or the non-collagen protein in the cell layer. The incorporation of both (3)H thymidine and (14)C-leucine into the acid-insoluble fraction of the cell layer was significantly decreased by rhodamine B; the activity of lactate dehydrogenase that leaked into the medium was not changed by the dye. Rhodamine B has the capacity of decreasing the collagen content of the fibroblast cell layer of the human lip, which may result from a non-specific inhibition of protein synthesis without non-specific cell damage.[Kaji T et al; Toxicol Lett 61 (1): 81-7 (1992)] **PEER REVIEWED** <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed &dopt=Abstract&list_uids=1609442" target=new>PubMed Abstract To investigate the reversibility of rhodamine B inhibition of cell proliferation, human lip fibroblast KD cells were cultured for 3 days in the presence of 25 or 50 ug/ml of the dye and the effect of removal of the dye from the culture medium on cell histology and on incorporation of (3)H thymidine into the acid-insoluble fraction of the cell layer was investigated. Removal of rhodamine B on the last 1 or 2 days resulted in an increase in cell number and incorporation of (3)H thymidine was also restored after removal of the dye; (3)H thymidine incorporation by the cells treated with the dye for only the 1st day was the same as that by the control cells cultured without the dye. In conclusion, it was shown that the decrease in KD cell proliferation caused by rhodamine B can be reversed by removal of the dye.[Kaji T et al; Toxicol Lett 60 (1): 69-74 (1992)] **PEER REVIEWED** <a

href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed &dopt=Abstract&list_uids=1539183" target=new>PubMed Abstract SKIN, EYE AND RESPIRATORY IRRITATIONS: ... INJURIOUS TO ... HUMAN EYE.[Grant, W.M. Toxicology of the Eye. 3rd ed. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, 1986., p. 381] **PEER REVIEWED** PROBABLE ROUTES OF HUMAN EXPOSURE: Most organic azo dyes are potential skin sensitizers, the most important of which are paraphenylenediamine and its analogues. Water soluble azo dyes are more likely to cause clinical sensitization than insoluble dyes. Beauticians exposed to paraphenylenediamine derivatives in hair dyes, workers dyeing textile resins, and photographic film developers exposed to color developing solutions not infrequently become sensitized to azo dyes. In addition to allergic eczematous contact dermatitis, color developing solutions have caused lichen planus like eruptions. /Organic dyes/[Zenz, C. Occupational Medicine-Principles and Practical Applications. 2nd ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby-Yearbook, Inc, 1988., p. 147] **PEER REVIEWED** Some important causes of occupational phototoxic or photoallergic reactions /are rhodamine dyes/. /Rhodamine dyes/[Zenz, C. Occupational Medicine-Principles and Practical Applications. 2nd ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby-Yearbook, Inc, 1988., p. 148] **PEER REVIEWED** EMERGENCY MEDICAL TREATMENT: EMERGENCY MEDICAL TREATMENT: EMT COPYRIGHT DISCLAIMER: Portions of the POISINDEX(R) and MEDITEXT(R) database have been provided here for general reference. THE COMPLETE POISINDEX(R) DATABASE OR MEDITEXT(R) DATABASE SHOULD BE CONSULTED FOR ASSISTANCE IN THE DIAGNOSIS OR TREATMENT OF SPECIFIC CASES. The use of the POISINDEX(R) and MEDITEXT(R) databases is at your sole risk. The POISINDEX(R) and MEDITEXT(R) databases are provided "AS IS" and "as available" for use, without warranties of any kind, either expressed or implied. Micromedex makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, timeliness, usefulness or completeness of any of the information contained in the POISINDEX(R) and MEDITEXT(R) databases. ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED. Micromedex does not assume any responsibility or risk for your use of the POISINDEX(R) or MEDITEXT(R) databases. Copyright 1974-2011 Thomson MICROMEDEX. All Rights Reserved. Any duplication, replication, "downloading," sale, redistribution or other use for commercial purposes is a violation of Micromedex' rights and is strictly prohibited.<p>The following Overview, *** RHODAMINE ***, is relevant for this HSDB record chemical. LIFE SUPPORT: o This overview assumes that basic life support measures have been instituted. CLINICAL EFFECTS: 0.2.1 SUMMARY OF EXPOSURE 0.2.1.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) There have been few human cases of overdose. Humans are currently exposed through some food products (not in the U.S.), cosmetics, and industrial uses. Symptoms have included mucous membrane irritation of the lungs, eyes, throat, nose, and gastrointestinal tract, as well

as red urine. Hepatic damage has been seen in animals. 0.2.4 HEENT 0.2.4.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) Eye irritation, excessive tearing, rhinorrhea, and sore throat have all been reported after exposure to aerosolized rhodamine B. 0.2.6 RESPIRATORY 0.2.6.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) Coughing, difficulty in breathing, and a tightness or burning sensation of the chest have all been experienced after exposure to the aerosolized dye. 0.2.7 NEUROLOGIC 0.2.7.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) Headache was reported in one of 17 patients exposed to the aerosolized toxin. 0.2.8 GASTROINTESTINAL 0.2.8.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) Nausea was an uncommon symptom seen after exposure to the aerosolized toxin. Several hundred milligrams have been ingested with food without significant gastrointestinal symptoms. 0.2.9 HEPATIC 0.2.9.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) Hepatic enlargement and damage has been reported in animal studies, but has yet to be reported in human cases. 0.2.10 GENITOURINARY 0.2.10.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) Ingestion of the dye may cause the urine to become fluorescent red. The red color is not due to blood in the urine. 0.2.14 DERMATOLOGIC 0.2.14.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) The skin of victims exposed to the aerosolized rhodamine B became itchy and irritated. 0.2.21 CARCINOGENICITY 0.2.21.1 IARC CATEGORY A) IARC Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS81-88-9 (IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC, 2004): 1) IARC Classification a) Listed as: Rhodamine B b) Carcinogen Rating: 3 1) The agent (mixture or exposure circumstance) is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. This category is used most commonly for agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans and inadequate or limited in experimental animals. Exceptionally, agents (mixtures) for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans but sufficient in experimental animals may be placed in this category when there is strong evidence that the mechanism of carcinogenicity in experimental

animals does not operate in humans. Agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances that do not fall into any other group are also placed in this category. 0.2.21.2 HUMAN OVERVIEW A) At the time of this review, no data were available to assess the carcinogenic potential of this agent. 0.2.21.3 ANIMAL OVERVIEW A) Rhodamine B increased thyroid and liver tumors in mice and produced lymphomas and intestinal tumors when given to mice in the drinking water. LABORATORY: A) There are no specific laboratory tests that have been shown to be of value. The urine of exposed individuals may become fluorescent red. TREATMENT OVERVIEW: 0.4.2 ORAL EXPOSURE A) Up to several hundred milligrams have been ingested without serious effects. Toxicity of amounts greater than this is unknown and may require activated charcoal until more data are available. B) ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old. 0.4.3 INHALATION EXPOSURE A) INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with inhaled beta2 agonist and oral or parenteral corticosteroids. 0.4.4 EYE EXPOSURE A) DECONTAMINATION: Irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist, the patient should be seen in a health care facility. 0.4.5 DERMAL EXPOSURE A) OVERVIEW 1) DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists. RANGE OF TOXICITY: A) Minimum lethal human exposure is unknown. B) Up to several hundred milligrams have been ingested without serious effects. ANTIDOTE AND EMERGENCY TREATMENT: In treatment of eyes contaminated with cationic dyes, first aid measures are aimed at getting rid of dye which has not reacted with the tissues. This includes copious irrigation, mechanical removal of particles, and in the case of imbedded colored pencil may necessitate surgical exploration and careful removal of the particles. Solutions of tannin or tannic acid precipitate cationic dyes and render them essentially noninjurious, but this disposes of only that portion of the dye which has not already reacted with the tissues. /It was/ determined experimentally that a 5% to 10% solution of tannin was effective essentially in a prophylactic sense if applied within three minutes following application of powdered basic dyes to the eyes of rabbits, but that the effectiveness of this treatment

rapidly diminished after three minutes. Other forms of chemical treatment have been aimed at removing both combined and excess dye. However, studies of the reaction of cationic dyes with cornea in vitro have shown these dyes to bind very tenaciously and to be very difficult to remove from combination with the tissue. ... /Cationic dyes/[Grant, W.M. Toxicology of the Eye. 3rd ed. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, 1986., p. 384] **PEER REVIEWED** ANIMAL TOXICITY STUDIES: EVIDENCE FOR CARCINOGENICITY: No data are available in humans. Limited evidence of carcinogenicity in animals. OVERALL EVALUATION: Group 3: The agent is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans.[IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: http://monographs.iarc.fr/index.php, p. S7 71 (1987)] **PEER REVIEWED** NON-HUMAN TOXICITY EXCERPTS: 15 MALE &amp; 15 FEMALE STOCK MICE ... GIVEN 0.05% ... IN DRINKING WATER FOR 52 WK; WEEKLY INTAKE/MOUSE WAS 17 MG, &amp; TOTAL DOSE WAS 884 MG/ANIMAL. ... 2 OF MALE MICE THAT DIED BETWEEN 50 &amp; 69 WK HAD INTESTINAL TUMORS. 1 ... WAS MALIGNANT; 3 MICE HAD POLYPOSIS OF STOMACH, &amp; 7 HAD LYMPHOMAS. /NO CONTROLS WERE USED/[IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: http://monographs.iarc.fr/index.php, p. V16 226 (1978)] **PEER REVIEWED** 25 MICE OF BOTH SEXES OF MIXED SAITAMA STRAIN, WEIGHING APPROX 20 G, WERE GIVEN TWICE WEEKLY SC INJECTIONS OF 0.1 ML OF 0.5% AQ SOLN ... CONCN ... WAS REDUCED TO 0.25% AFTER 1.5 WK &amp; INCR TO ORIGINAL CONCN AFTER 4 MO; 6 ... ALIVE @ 150 DAYS, &amp; 1 SURVIVED FOR 260 DAYS. ... NONE ... DEVELOPED TUMORS @ SITE OF INJECTION.[IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: http://monographs.iarc.fr/index.php, p. V16 226 (1978)] **PEER REVIEWED** 21 RATS OF BOTH SEXES OF MIXED SAITAMA STRAIN, WEIGHING APPROX 150 G, WERE FED RICE DIET THAT INITIALLY CONTAINED 0.13% ... INCR TO 0.2% AFTER 7 MO. 18 RATS WERE ALIVE @ 300 DAYS, &amp; 1 SURVIVED FOR 661 DAYS. NONE ... DEVELOPED TUMORS.[IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: http://monographs.iarc.fr/index.php, p. V16 226 (1978)] **PEER REVIEWED** ... 120 MALE &amp; 180 FEMALE MICE ... GIVEN 0.1 ML OF 0.5% SOLN 2 OR 3 TIMES/WK FOR 4 WK ... INCR TO 0.7% FOR 1 MO &amp; THEN REDUCED TO ORIGINAL CONCN. AFTER 6 MO ... CONCN ... WAS GRADUALLY DECR. SUBSEQUENTLY, INJECTIONS WERE DISCONTINUED FOR 2 MO. ... NONE OF MICE ... DEVELOPED TUMORS @ SITE OF INJECTION.[IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: http://monographs.iarc.fr/index.php, p. V16 226 (1978)] **PEER REVIEWED**

... 5 MALE &amp; 5 FEMALE WEANLING ALBINO RATS INGESTED DIETS CONTAINING 0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 OR 2.0% ... FOR 18 WK. GROWTH WAS RETARDED IN ALL ANIMALS EXCEPT THOSE GIVEN LOWEST DOSE; ALL ... GIVEN HIGHEST DOSE DIED WITHIN 6 WK WITH EVIDENCE OF LIVER DAMAGE.[IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: http://monographs.iarc.fr/index.php, p. V16 227 (1978)] **PEER REVIEWED** ... INJURIOUS TO RABBIT ... EYE.[Grant, W.M. Toxicology of the Eye. 3rd ed. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, 1986., p. 381] **PEER REVIEWED** CAUSED MUTATION IN SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM. THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY INDICATED PRESENCE OF AT LEAST 1 IMPURITY WHICH WAS PROBABLY RESPONSIBLE FOR MUTAGENICITY OF DYE.[BROWN JP ET AL; MUT RES 66 (2): 181 (1979)] **PEER REVIEWED** CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF MUNTIACUS MUNTJAC FIBROBLAST CELLS EXPOSED TO RHODAMINE B, REVEALED SIGNIFICANT INCR IN CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS.[LEWIS IL ET AL; MUT RES 88 (2): 211 (1981)] **PEER REVIEWED** COMMERCIAL RHODAMINE B INDUCED HISTIDINE POSITIVE REVERSION MUTANTS IN SALMONELLA &amp; DNA DAMAGE IN CHINESE HAMSTER OVARY CELLS.[NESTMANN ER ET AL; CANCER RES 39 (11): 4412 (1979)] **PEER REVIEWED** <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed &dopt=Abstract&list_uids=387214" target=new>PubMed Abstract RHODAMINE B TREATMENTS CAUSED MORTALITY IN EVERY DEVELOPMENT STAGE OF HOUSEFLY, MUSCA DOMESTICA. TREATED ADULTS EXHIBITED DECR FECUNDITY &amp; REDUCED EGG VIABILITY. TREATED EGGS, IN UNTREATED MEDIA, &amp; UNTREATED EGGS IN TREATED MEDIA, RESULTED IN MORE THAN 90% MORTALITY.[PIMPRIKAR GD ET AL; ENVIRON ENTOMOL 9 (6): 785 (1980)] **PEER REVIEWED** Rhodamine B is used as a marker dye in herbicide sprays. ... A study was undertaken to investigate the in vivo mutagenicity of rhodamine B, to compare the in vitro mutagenicity of two commercial preparations of the dye with that of known mutagens including rhodamine 6G and to elucidate the pharmacokinetics of rhodamine B in the rabbit. Following the i.v. treatment of adult female New Zealand White rabbits with rhodamine B (1 mg/kg body wt), the plasma concentration of rhodamine B decreased rapidly and was accompanied by the appearance of at least four fluorescent polar metabolites. These metabolites, as well as a very small amount of rhodamine B, were also present in the urine which, when tested in the Ames assay was not significantly mutagenic against Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 either with or without metabolic activation. Urine from a human subject who had been contaminated with marker dye was also non-mutagenic. Both commercial preparations of rhodamine B were found to b weakly mutagenic.[Elliott GS et al; J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 28 (1): 45-59 (1990)] **PEER REVIEWED** <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed &dopt=Abstract&list_uids=2381022" target=new>PubMed Abstract The effects of cationic and neutral rhodamines on the developing mouse were compared. Sexually mature virgin female CD-1-mice were mated with males of the same strain. Pregnant females were treated ip with rhodamine-123, rhodamine-B, or rhodamine-116 at 15 mg/kg/day. The

rhodamines were given alone or combined with 500 mg/kg/day 2-deoxy-D-glucose. Dosing occurred on gestation days seven through ten. Other pregnant mice received rhodamine-6G at 0.5 mg/kg/day. Significant increases were noted in prenatal mortality when given rhodamine-6G either alone or combined with 2-deoxy-D-glucose. Fetal growth was inhibited by treatment with rhodamine-123 or rhodamine-6G with or without 2-deoxy-D-glucose. Little effect was noted on prenatal survival or growth when treated with neutral rhodamines. A high incidence of gross malformation was noted on exposure to rhodamine-6G with or without 2-deoxy-D-glucose. No significant teratogenic effects were noted following treatment with rhodamine-116 or rhodamine-B with or without 2-deoxy-D-glucose or with rhodamine-123 without 2-deoxy-D-glucose. Skeletal malformations were increased in the groups receiving rhodamine-6G plus 2-deoxy-D-glucose, rhodamine-123 plus 2-deoxy-D-glucose, and rhodamine-6G alone. The authors suggest a relationship may exist between the charge on the rhodamine molecule and effects on the conceptus. These effects may have been mediated partly by interference with mitochondrial metabolism.[Hood RD et al; Teratology 40 (2): 143-50 (1989)] **PEER REVIEWED** <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed &dopt=Abstract&list_uids=2772849" target=new>PubMed Abstract ... Rhodamine B decreased the number of both vascular endothelial cells from bovine aorta and vascular smooth muscle cells from murine aorta after a 72 hr culture. ...[Kaji T et al; Toxicology 68 (1): 11-20 (1991)] **PEER REVIEWED** <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed &dopt=Abstract&list_uids=1871776" target=new>PubMed Abstract Mouse embryos were examined for the presence and localization of rhodamine dyes to determine whether rhodamines may enter and thus directly affect embryonic tissues. Pregnant CD-1-mice were treated intraperitoneally with Rh-123 at 15 mg/kg, Rh-6G at 15 mg/kg, or Rh-B at 30 mg/kg on gestation day ten. 2 Hours later the embryos were removed. Rh-123 and Rh-6G were found in embryonic tissue in fluorescent bodies with average dimensions of mitochondria. Rh-B was evenly distributed in the cytoplasm. The exposure of isolated embryonic mitochondria to cationic rhodamines, a dose dependent inhibition of stage 3 respiration was noted. In-vivo exposure of maternal liver mitochondria to cationic rhodamines did not result in inhibition of respiration 2 days later whereas in vitro results were similar to those for embryonic mitochondria. No effect was noted on mitochondrial respiration by in vivo or in vitro exposure to Rh-B.[Ranganathan S et al; Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 99 (1): 81-89 (1989)] **PEER REVIEWED** <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed &dopt=Abstract&list_uids=2728000" target=new>PubMed Abstract Cationic rhodamines (Rh 123 and Rh 6G) can cause developmental toxicity in mice and inhibit embryonic mitochondrial respiration following in vivo or in vitro dye exposure. Rh B, a neutral rhodamine, fails to show such effects at comparable doses.[Ranganathan S, Hood RD; Teratogen Carcinog Mutagen 9 (1): 29-37 (1989)] **PEER REVIEWED** TSCA TEST SUBMISSIONS: Male and female Charles River albino rats (60/sex/group) were exposed orally to rhodamine b (D&amp;C red #19) in the diet at 0 and 0.075% for 2 months prior to mating. Following the reproductive phase, a maximum of 2

animals/sex/litter within each group were randomly selected for the long-term study of chronic toxicity and oncogenicity in which 280 rats (70/sex/group) were exposed to rhodamine b at the same dose levels for approximately 29 months. There were significant differences between treated animals and controls in the following: body weights (lower), and mean food consumption (higher). There were significant increases in the mean absolute and/or relative weights of: liver, kidneys and uterus (at 12-month sacrifice and end of experiment), testes (at 12-month sacrifice), and adrenals and thyroids (at end of experiment). A significant increase in thyroid follicular cell adenomas and carcinomas was observed in the treated males. There were no significant differences between treated animals and controls in the following: mortality, ophthalmology or laboratory parameters (including hematology, clinical chemistry and urinalysis).[Bio/Dynamics, Inc.; Long-Term Oral Toxicity/Carcinogenicity Study of 0.075% D&amp;C Red #19 in Rats. (1981), EPA Document No. 88-8200421, Fiche No. OTS0505454] **UNREVIEWED** Male and female Charles River albino rats (60/sex/group) were exposed orally to rhodamine b (D&amp;C red #19) in the diet at 0 and 0.002, 0.005 and 0.02% for 2 months prior to mating. Following the reproductive phase, a maximum of 2 animals/sex/litter within each group were randomly selected for the long-term study of chronic toxicity and oncogenicity in which 700 rats (70/sex/group) were exposed to rhodamine b at the same dose levels for 27 or 29 months (males and females, respectively). There were significant differences between treated animals and controls in the following: body weights (lower for females at 0.002 and 0.02%), mortality (higher in high-dose males), and mean food consumption (higher for females at high-dose at all times). There were significant increases in the mean absolute and/or relative weights of: liver, kidneys, spleen and thyroid, (high-dose females), and adrenals (mid- and high-dose females). There was a slight increase in astrocytomas of the brain and/or spinal cord and granular cell tumors of the brain in the high-dose males. There were no significant differences between treated animals and controls in ophthalmology.[Bio/Dynamics, Inc.; Long-Term Oral Toxicity/Carcinogenicity Study of D&amp;C Red #19 in Rats. (1981), EPA Document No. 88-8200421, Fiche No. OTS0505454] **UNREVIEWED** Chronic toxicity and oncogenicity were evaluated in male and female Charles River CD-1 mice (60/sex/group) exposed orally to rhodamine b in the diet at 0, 0.005, 0.02, and 0.10% for approximately 22 and 25 months for the males and females respectively. There was a significant increase in treated animals as compared to controls in the total number of hepatocellular carcinomas in high-dose females. There were no significant differences between treated and control animals in the following: mortality, body weight, food consumption, and hematology.[Bio/Dynamics, Inc.; A Long-Term Feeding Study of D&amp;C Red #19 in Mice, Final Report. (1981), EPA Document No. 88-8200421, Fiche No. OTS0505454] **UNREVIEWED** METABOLISM/PHARMACOKINETICS: METABOLISM/METABOLITES: ... DE-ETHYLATED ENZYMATICALLY; 2 OF 3 OBSERVED METABOLITES WERE IDENTIFIED AS N,N'-DIETHYL-3,6-DIAMINOFLUORAN &amp; 3,6-DIAMINOFLUORAN.[IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: http://monographs.iarc.fr/index.php, p. V16 228 (1978)] **PEER REVIEWED**

ABSORPTION, DISTRIBUTION & EXCRETION: ... WAS METABOLIZED SIMILARLY IN DOGS, RATS &amp; RABBITS, AS EVIDENCED BY CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF THEIR URINE &amp; FECAL EXTRACTS. CMPD WAS EXTENSIVELY ABSORBED FROM GI TRACT: OF 1% GIVEN IN DIET, ONLY 3-5% WAS RECOVERED UNCHANGED IN URINE &amp; FECES.[IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: http://monographs.iarc.fr/index.php, p. V16 227 (1978)] **PEER REVIEWED** RHODAMINE B EXHIBITS HIGH PLASMA PROTEIN BINDING.[IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: http://monographs.iarc.fr/index.php, p. V16 228 (1978)] **PEER REVIEWED** INTENSITY OF DYE COLOR IN PANCREATIC JUICE OF DOGS DECR IN ORDER: BASIC FUCHSINE, ACRIDINE RED, NEW FUCHSINE, RHODAMINE B, PHENOL RED, RHODAMINE 6G.[HONG SS; YONSEI MED J 15 (2): 51 (1974)] **PEER REVIEWED** <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed &dopt=Abstract&list_uids=4469707" target=new>PubMed Abstract The adsorption equilibrium (as determined by Langmuir's or Freundlich's equations) of microbial suspensions containing Rhodamine B, and melting temperature of Rhodamine B-calf thymus DNA solution were determined. The adsorption constant of dye to cells for Rhodamine B was 6.86 cal/mol (adsorptive affinity in Langmuir's equation) and 2.86 (for the constant K in Freundlich's equation). Melting temperature values for Rhodamine B calf thymus DNA solution increased with dye concentration.[Ogawa T et al; Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 42 (3): 402-8 (1989)] **PEER REVIEWED** <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed &dopt=Abstract&list_uids=2495832" target=new>PubMed Abstract PHARMACOLOGY:

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE & EXPOSURE: PROBABLE ROUTES OF HUMAN EXPOSURE: Most organic azo dyes are potential skin sensitizers, the most important of which are paraphenylenediamine and its analogues. Water soluble azo dyes are more likely to cause clinical sensitization than insoluble dyes. Beauticians exposed to paraphenylenediamine derivatives in hair dyes, workers dyeing textile resins, and photographic film developers exposed to color developing solutions not infrequently become sensitized to azo dyes. In addition to allergic eczematous contact dermatitis, color developing solutions have caused lichen planus like eruptions. /Organic dyes/[Zenz, C. Occupational Medicine-Principles and Practical Applications. 2nd ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby-Yearbook, Inc, 1988., p. 147] **PEER REVIEWED** Some important causes of occupational phototoxic or photoallergic reactions /are rhodamine dyes/. /Rhodamine dyes/[Zenz, C. Occupational Medicine-Principles and Practical Applications. 2nd ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby-Yearbook, Inc, 1988., p. 148] **PEER REVIEWED**

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS & REGULATIONS: FIFRA REQUIREMENTS: Residues of Rhodamine B are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a dye in accordance with good agricultural practices as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest.[40 CFR 180.1001(c) (7/1/91)] **PEER REVIEWED** Rhodamine B is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a dye in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to animals.[40 CFR 180.1001(e) (7/1/91)] **PEER REVIEWED** ALLOWABLE TOLERANCES: Residues of Rhodamine B are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a dye in accordance with good agricultural practices as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest.[40 CFR 180.1001(c) (7/1/91)] **PEER REVIEWED** Rhodamine B is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a dye in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to animals.[40 CFR 180.1001(e) (7/1/91)] **PEER REVIEWED** CHEMICAL/PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: MOLECULAR FORMULA: C28-H31-Cl-N2-O3 **PEER REVIEWED** MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 479.0 **PEER REVIEWED** COLOR/FORM: GREEN CRYSTALS OR REDDISH-VIOLET POWDER; WATER SOLN WITH BLUISH-RED COLOR, DIL SOLN STRONGLY FLUORESCENT[Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs and Biologicals. Rahway, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1989., p. 1301] **PEER REVIEWED** LEAFLETS FROM DILUTE HYDROCHLORIC ACID[Lide, D.R. (ed). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 72nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1991-1992., p. 3-452] **PEER REVIEWED** SOLUBILITIES: VERY SOL IN WATER &amp; ALCOHOL[Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs and Biologicals. Rahway, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1989., p. 1301] **PEER REVIEWED** SLIGHTLY SOL IN HYDROCHLORIC ACID &amp; SODIUM HYDROXIDE[Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs and Biologicals. Rahway, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1989., p. 1301] **PEER REVIEWED** SOL IN BENZENE[Lide, D.R. (ed). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 72nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1991-1992., p. 3-452] **PEER

REVIEWED** SPECTRAL PROPERTIES: IR: 11293 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Prism Collection)[Weast, R.C. and M.J. Astle. CRC Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds. Volumes I and II. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc. 1985., p. V2 268] **PEER REVIEWED** MASS: 5106 (National Bureau of Standards EPA-NIH Mass Spectra Data Base, NSRDS-NBS-63)[Weast, R.C. and M.J. Astle. CRC Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds. Volumes I and II. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc. 1985., p. V2 268] **PEER REVIEWED** OTHER CHEMICAL/PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: MAX ABSORPTION (ALCOHOL): 546 (LOG E= 4.86) /BASIC ANHYDROUS FORM/[Weast, R.C. (ed.). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 60th ed. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press Inc., 1979., p. C-492] **PEER REVIEWED** SOL IN WATER, ALCOHOL &amp; ETHER, BENZENE /BASIC ANHYDROUS FORM/[Lide, D.R. (ed). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 72nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1991-1992., p. 3-452] **PEER REVIEWED** INSOL IN ORG SOLVENTS /BASIC ANHYDROUS FORM/[Weast, R.C. (ed.). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 60th ed. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press Inc., 1979., p. C-492] **PEER REVIEWED** GREEN LEAFLETS FROM WATER WITH 4 MOL OF WATER OF CRYSTALLIZATION, COLORLESS PRISMS FROM ALCOHOL, XYLENE /BASIC ANHYDROUS FORM/[Lide, D.R. (ed). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 72nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1991-1992., p. 3-452] **PEER REVIEWED** 165 deg C (anhydrous)[Lide, D.R. (ed). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 72nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1991-1992., p. 3-452] **PEER REVIEWED** SOL IN ... HOT XYLENE /BASIC ANHYDROUS FORM/[Weast, R.C. (ed.). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 60th ed. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press Inc., 1979., p. C-492] **PEER REVIEWED** CHEMICAL SAFETY & HANDLING: SKIN, EYE AND RESPIRATORY IRRITATIONS: ... INJURIOUS TO ... HUMAN EYE.[Grant, W.M. Toxicology of the Eye. 3rd ed. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, 1986., p. 381] **PEER REVIEWED** PREVENTIVE MEASURES: SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place. **PEER REVIEWED**

OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE STANDARDS:

MANUFACTURING/USE INFORMATION: MAJOR USES: AS DYE, ESP FOR PAPER; AS REAGENT FOR ANTIMONY, BISMUTH, COBALT, NIOBIUM, GOLD, MANGANESE, MERCURY, MOLYBDENUM, TANTALUM, THALLIUM, TUNGSTEN; AS BIOLOGICAL STAIN.[Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs and Biologicals. Rahway, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1989., p. 1301] **PEER REVIEWED** RED DYE FOR WOOL &amp; SILK WHERE BRILLIANT FLUORESCENT EFFECTS ARE DESIRED.[Sax, N.I. and R.J. Lewis, Sr. (eds.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 11th ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1987., p. 1009] **PEER REVIEWED** Colorant for plastics.[Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 3rd ed., Volumes 1-26. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, 1978-1984., p. V6 599 (1979)] **PEER REVIEWED** MANUFACTURERS: Aldrich Chemical Co, Inc, Hq, 940 W St Paul Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53233, (414) 273-3850 Info not found in source update 354[SRI. 1989 Directory of Chemical Producers -United States of America. Menlo Park, CA: SRI International, 1989., p. 870] **PEER REVIEWED** DIC Acquisition Corp, Hq, 222 Bridge Plaza South, Fort Lee, NJ 07024, (201) 224-4600; Sun Chemical Corporation; Pigments Division, 411 Sun Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45232; Production sites: 4526 Chickering Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45232; 441 Tompkins Ave, Staten Islands, Rosebank, NY 10305[SRI. 1989 Directory of Chemical Producers -United States of America. Menlo Park, CA: SRI International, 1989., p. 870] **PEER REVIEWED** Magruder Color Co, Inc, Hq, 1029 Newark Ave, Elizabeth, NJ 07200, (201) 242-1300[SRI. 1989 Directory of Chemical Producers -United States of America. Menlo Park, CA: SRI International, 1989., p. 870] **PEER REVIEWED** Max Marx Color Corp, Hq, 1200 Grove St, Irvington, NJ 07111, (201) 373-7801[SRI. 1989 Directory of Chemical Producers -United States of America. Menlo Park, CA: SRI International, 1989., p. 870] **PEER REVIEWED** Paul Uhlich &amp; Co, Incorporated, Hq, 1 Railroad Ave, Hastings-on-Hudson, NY 10706, (914) 478-2000[SRI. 1989 Directory of Chemical Producers -United States of America. Menlo Park, CA: SRI International, 1989., p. 870] **PEER REVIEWED** Universal Foods Corp, Hq, 433 E Michigan St, Milwaukee, WI 53202, (414) 271-1820; Warner-Jenkinson Co, 2526 Baldwin St, St Louis, MO 63106; HK Color Group, 3 Century Lane, South Plainfield, NJ 07080; Pigments Division; Production site: Camden, NJ 08105[SRI. 1989 Directory of Chemical Producers -United States of America. Menlo Park, CA: SRI International, 1989., p. 870] **PEER REVIEWED** METHODS OF MANUFACTURING: ... IS PRODUCED COMMERCIALLY BY CONDENSING N,N-DIETHYL-3-AMINOPHENOL WITH

PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE, FOLLOWED BY TREATMENT WITH DILUTE HYDROCHLORIC ACID.[IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: http://monographs.iarc.fr/index.php, p. V16 223 (1978)] **PEER REVIEWED** Reaction of diethylamine with fluorescin dichloride (3,6-dichlorofluoran) under pressure.[Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 3rd ed., Volumes 1-26. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, 1978-1984., p. V24 665 (1984)] **PEER REVIEWED** GENERAL MANUFACTURING INFORMATION: ... CERTIFIED FOR USE AS COLOR ADDITIVE IN DRUGS &amp; COSMETICS IN USA BY USA FOOD &amp; DRUG ADMIN, CONTAINS @ LEAST 92.0% PURE DYE ... &amp; NOT MORE THAN: 5.0% VOLATILE MATTER, 2.0% SODIUM CHLORIDE &amp; SODIUM SULFATE, 1.0% MIXED OXIDES, 1.0% WATER INSOL MATTER, 0.5% ETHER EXTRACTS, 0.2% DIETHYL-3-AMINOPHENOL ... .[IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: http://monographs.iarc.fr/index.php, p. V16 222 (1978)] **PEER REVIEWED** /FOR USE AS COLOR ADDITIVE IN DRUGS &amp; COSMETICS IN USA CONTAINS NOT MORE THAN:/ ... 30 MG/KG HEAVY METALS OTHER THAN LEAD &amp; ARSENIC, 20 MG/KG LEAD &amp; 2 MG/KG ARSENIC.[IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: http://monographs.iarc.fr/index.php, p. V16 222 (1978)] **PEER REVIEWED** ... MUST MEET PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS AS PROMULGATED BY LAW. ITS USE IN DRUG PRODUCTS FOR INTERNAL USE &amp; IN MOUTHWASHES, DENTIFRICES &amp; PROPRIETARY PRODUCTS IS LIMITED TO MAX TOLERANCE LEVEL OF 0.75 MG IN AMT OF PRODUCT REASONABLY EXPECTED TO BE INGESTED IN ONE DAY.[IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: http://monographs.iarc.fr/index.php, p. V16 224 (1978)] **PEER REVIEWED** IN LIPSTICKS, MAX AMT OF ALL COLORS USED, INCL RHODAMINE B, IS LIMITED TO MAX OF 6% PURE DYE BY WT OF EACH LIPSTICK. IT MAY BE USED WITHOUT TOLERANCE LEVELS IN OTHER EXTERNALLY APPLIED COSMETICS &amp; DRUGS.[IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: http://monographs.iarc.fr/index.php, p. V16 224 (1978)] **PEER REVIEWED** ... USED TO DYE SILK, COTTON, WOOL, BAST FIBERS, NYLON, ACETATE FIBERS, PAPER, SPIRIT INKS &amp; LACQUERS, SOAP, WOOD STAINS, FEATHERS, LEATHER &amp; DISTEMPERS ON CHINA CLAY. IN USA ... USED AS DRUG &amp; COSMETIC COLOR IN AQ DRUG SOLN, TABLETS, CAPSULES, TOOTHPASTE, SOAP, HAIR WAVING FLUIDS, BATH SALTS, LIPSTICKS &amp; ROUGES.[IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: http://monographs.iarc.fr/index.php, p. V16 224 (1978)] **PEER REVIEWED** ... USED AS TRACING AGENT IN WATER POLLUTION STUDIES, AS DYE FOR WAXES &amp; ANTIFREEZE ... .[IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization,

International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: http://monographs.iarc.fr/index.php, p. V16 224 (1978)] **PEER REVIEWED** MIXT OF PHOSPHOMOLYBDIC ACID &amp; PHOSPHOTUNGSTIC ACID SALTS OF RHODAMINE B IS MARKETED AS CI PIGMENT VIOLET 1, COMMERCIALLY SIGNIFICANT PIGMENT USED MAINLY IN PRINTING INKS. /ACID SALTS/[IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: http://monographs.iarc.fr/index.php, p. V16 224 (1978)] **PEER REVIEWED** LABORATORY METHODS: ANALYTIC LABORATORY METHODS: RHODAMINE B WAS ISOLATED FROM SHAMPOOS &amp; IDENTIFIED BY 2-DIMENSIONAL THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY &amp; COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY ON MICROCRYST CELLULOSE.[DOBRECKY J ET AL; REV FARM (BUENOS AIRES) 121 (9-12): 81 (1978)] **PEER REVIEWED** Thin-layer chromatography has been used to separate and identify rhodamine B as follows: (1) in the presence of other water soluble fluorescent compounds on silica gel and unmodified cellulose layers with two solvent systems, (2) in the presence of other low polarity dyes using a zigzag development path on silica gel plate, and (3) in the presence of other red food dyes on a polyamide silica gel mixed layer using five solvent systems, with a detection limit of approximately 2 ug. Thin-layer chromatography has also been used to separate rhodamine B and other dyes as part of a method of analysis in which the separated dyes have been: (1) identified by their nuclear magnetic resonance or visible spectra, (2) identified by their absorption or fluorescence spectra and determined fluorimetrically, and (3) identified by color under ultraviolet or ordinary light and determined with a spectrodensitometer.[IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: http://monographs.iarc.fr/index.php, p. V16 221 (1978)] **PEER REVIEWED** Paper chromatography has been used to separate and identify basic dyes, including rhodamine B, using two solvent systems.[IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: http://monographs.iarc.fr/index.php, p. V16 221 (1978)] **PEER REVIEWED** A simple HPLC method is described for the detn of Rhodamine B, Erio Acid Red and Automate Red B dyes which are used as tracers in forestry spray formulations. The dye soln were analyzed at 30 deg by reversed phase chromatography on an HP:RP-8, 10 um MOS Hypersil column using a mobile phase of MeOH-H2O at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min with UV detection. Responses were linear for 0.1-10 ug/ml Rhodamine B and Erio Acid Red, whereas the range was 1.0-10 ug/ml for Automate Red B. The limits of detection were 0.1 ug/ml for Rhodamine B and Erio Acid Red, and 1 ug/ml for Automate Red B. The method was successfully used to quantify Rhodamine B and Erio Acid Red present in two aq formulations of fenitrothion insecticide. However, interference peaks were observed with the oil-based formulation and prevented the quantification of Automate Red B present.[Sundaram KM S; J Environ Sci Health, Part B B23 (1): 53-68

(1988)] **PEER REVIEWED** SYNONYMS AND IDENTIFIERS: SYNONYMS: ACID BRILLIANT PINK B[U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety Health. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS). National Library of Medicine's current MEDLARS file., p. 82/8201] **PEER REVIEWED** ADC RHODAMINE B **PEER REVIEWED** AIZEN RHODAMINE BH **PEER REVIEWED** AKIRIKU RHODAMINE B **PEER REVIEWED** AMMONIUM, (9-(O-CARBOXYPHENYL)-6-(DIETHYLAMINO)-3H-XANTHEN-3-YLIDENE)DIETHYL-, CHLORIDE **PEER REVIEWED** D AND C RED NO 19 **PEER REVIEWED** BASIC VIOLET 10 **PEER REVIEWED** BRILLIANT PINK B[U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety Health. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS). National Library of Medicine's current MEDLARS file., p. 82/8201] **PEER REVIEWED** CALCOZINE RED BX **PEER REVIEWED** CALCOZINE RHODAMINE BXP **PEER REVIEWED** 9-O-CARBOXYPHENYL-6-DIETHYLAMINO-3-ETHYLIMINO-3-ISOXANTHENE, 3-ETHOCHLORIDE[U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety Health. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS). National Library of Medicine's current MEDLARS file., p. 82/8201] **PEER REVIEWED** CERISE TONER X1127 **PEER REVIEWED** CERTIQUAL RHODAMINE[U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety Health. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS). National Library of Medicine's current MEDLARS file., p. 82/8201] **PEER REVIEWED** CI BASIC VIOLET 10 **PEER REVIEWED** CI FOOD RED 15 **PEER REVIEWED** CI 45170 **PEER REVIEWED** CI 749[U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational

Safety Health. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS). National Library of Medicine's current MEDLARS file., p. 82/8201] **PEER REVIEWED** COGILOR RED 321.10[U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety Health. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS). National Library of Medicine's current MEDLARS file., p. 82/8201] **PEER REVIEWED** COSMETIC BRILLIANT PINK BLUISH D CONC[U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety Health. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS). National Library of Medicine's current MEDLARS file., p. 82/8201] **PEER REVIEWED** DIABASIC RHODAMINE B **PEER REVIEWED** DIETHYL-M-AMINO-PHENOLPHTHALEIN HYDROCHLORIDE[U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety Health. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS). National Library of Medicine's current MEDLARS file., p. 82/8201] **PEER REVIEWED** EDICOL SUPRA ROSE B **PEER REVIEWED** ERIOSIN RHODAMINE B **PEER REVIEWED** ETHANAMINIUM, N-(9-(2-CARBOXYPHENYL)-6-(DIETHYLAMINO)-3H-XANTHEN-3-YLIDENE)-N-ETHYL-, CHLORIDE **PEER REVIEWED** FD AND C RED NO 19 **PEER REVIEWED** FOOD RED 15[U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety Health. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS). National Library of Medicine's current MEDLARS file., p. 82/8201] **PEER REVIEWED** GERANIUM LAKE N[U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety Health. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS). National Library of Medicine's current MEDLARS file., p. 82/8201] **PEER REVIEWED** HEXACOL RHODAMINE B EXTRA **PEER REVIEWED** IKADA RHODAMINE B **PEER REVIEWED** MITSUI RHODAMINE BX **PEER REVIEWED** 11411 RED **PEER REVIEWED** RED NO 213 **PEER REVIEWED** D+C RED NO 19[U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety Health. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS). National Library of Medicine's current MEDLARS file., p. 82/8201] **PEER

REVIEWED** RHEONINE B **PEER REVIEWED** RHODAMINE B 500 **PEER REVIEWED** RHODAMINE S **PEER REVIEWED** RHODAMINE BA **PEER REVIEWED** RHODAMINE, BLUE SHADE[U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety Health. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS). National Library of Medicine's current MEDLARS file., p. 82/8201] **PEER REVIEWED** RHODAMINE B CHLORIDE[U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety Health. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS). National Library of Medicine's current MEDLARS file., p. 82/8201] **PEER REVIEWED** RHODAMINE B EXTRA M 310 **PEER REVIEWED** RHODAMINE B500 HYDROCHLORIDE **PEER REVIEWED** RHODAMINE LAKE RED B **PEER REVIEWED** RHODAMINE S (RUSSIAN) **PEER REVIEWED** SICILIAN CERISE TONER A-7127 **PEER REVIEWED** SYMULEX MAGENTA F **PEER REVIEWED** SYMULEX RHODAMINE B TONER F **PEER REVIEWED** TAKAOKA RHODAMINE B **PEER REVIEWED** TETRAETHYLDIAMINO-O-CARBOXY-PHENYL-XANTHENYL CHLORIDE[U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety Health. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS). National Library of Medicine's current MEDLARS file., p. 82/8201] **PEER REVIEWED** TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE **PEER REVIEWED**